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"Indonesia's mineral and energy industry plays a key role in sustaining Indonesia's export earnings, employment and regional development. The importance of the industry is destined to increase, with development in coal and base metals taking place at this moment or in the very near future. The importance of mining can be measured by its contribution to the GDP, export revenues and government fiscal revenue. The contribution to the GDP is of particular importance."

"The success of Indonesian mining industry cannot be separated from the effort to improve mining policies which has attracted considerable number of foreign investment. Further improvement is required to accommodate future exploration and mining to be able to meet both national and investor interest. In the future, mineral exploration in Indonesia will be influenced by tighter space arrangement regulation. It is therefore recommended that people from mining industry could intensify exploration as well as mining development without damaging the environment. Besides that, they should be able to maintain important mineralized areas as mining areas."

"Nowadays the exertion of mineral in Indonesia should be based on the GBHN of 1993 which is set for the next 25, the year 2019. According to the Pelita VI, there are several points that should be considered in mining industry. The mining industry should include all aspect related to regional economics, regional manpower, considering land use allocation, infrastructure development, reclamation, etc. In line with the rapid growth of Asia-Pacific economy, Indonesian mining should be able to compete. To anticipate future economic challenge, Indonesia should prepare important aspects including building infrastructure, establishing relationship with neighboring countries, as well as improving administration services among others."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak dari aktivitas sektor pertambangan terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan antar provinsi di Indonesia untuk periode tahun 2000 sampai dengan 2010. Sektor pertambangan yang menjadi tumpuan pendapatan negara pada masa Orde Baru nyatanya sampai dengan saat ini pendapatan riil dari sektor pertambangan meningkat sepanjang tahun. Begitu juga dengan proporsi ekspor sektor primer yang meningkat bahkan sudah mulai melebihi proporsi ekspor sektor manufaktur. Meningkatnya aktivitas sektor pertambangan tersebut mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat keberlanjutan secara rata-rata di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil regresi, dampak negatif antara pendapatan sektor pertambangan dengan tingkat keberlanjutan yang menggunakan indikator genuine saving merupakan akibat dari hubungan positif antara pendapatan sektor pertambangan dengan tingkat deplesi. Walaupun masih tinggi pendapatan sektor pertambangan yang menyebabkan deplesi, harus dilakukan proses alih kapasitas kepada modal manusia untuk menjaga tingkat keberlanjutan tetap positif. Berdasarkan hasil regresi, hubungan pendapatan sektor pertambangan dengan investasi modal manusia memang positif namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan.

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This study analyzes the impact of mining sector activities on sustainable development among provinces in Indonesia for the period 2000 to 2010. Mining sector, which became the main source of the state revenues during the New Order era, has an increase in real income during observed year. In addition, the proportion of primary sector exports has been increasing moreover it started to exceed the proportion of manufacturing exports. Increased mining sector activity affects a decrease of sustainability level in Indonesia.

Based on the regression result, the negative impact of mining sector revenues to the level of sustainability using Genuine Saving as indicator is the result of a positive relationship between the mining sector incomes to natural resource depletion. Although higher mining sector incomes lead to depletion, capacity transfer process must be made to the human capital capacity investment in order to maintain positive level of sustainability. Based on the regression result, the mining sector revenue relationship with human capital investment is positive but not significant."

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini membahas mengenai evaluasi atas ketentuan pajak nail down yang diterapkan pada industri pertambangan mineral dan batubara di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi penerapan ketentuan pajak nail down pada sektor pertambangan dengan menggunakan dua asas pemungutan pajak yaitu asas certainty dan asas neutrality. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan pajak nail down telah memenuhi asas certainty namun terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat menghambat pemenuhan asas tersebut. Sedangkan, ketentuan pajak nail down tidak memenuhi asas neutrality karena mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan oleh investor.

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ABSTRACTThis research focused on the evaluation of nail down tax system on the mining industry in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the application of nail down tax system on the mining industry by using two principles of tax collection which are certainty and neutrality. This research used a qualitative approach with field research and literature data collection methods. The results showed that the nail down tax system has fulfilled the principle of certainty but there are several factors that can inhibit the fulfillment of these principles. However, the nail down tax system does not meet the principle of neutrality because it affects decision making by investors. "

"ABSTRAKKegiatan investasi pertambangan batubara di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbuternyata tidak hanya bersifat ekonomi-bisnis melainkan juga mengandungdimensi-dimensi politik dan memberi pengaruh tersendiri terhadap dinamikakekuasaan di arena politik lokal. Kenyataan itulah yang melatarbelakangi studiini.Tiga pertanyaan utama yang dijawab dan dibahas dalam studi ini. Pertama,bagaimana pola hubungan pemerintah daerah dengan pengusaha tambangbatubara serta dampak hubungan tersebut terhadap kebijakan investasi tambangbatubara di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu? Kedua, bagaimana peran politik pengusahatambang batubara dalam proses pemilihan kepala daerah di Kabupaten TanahBumbu? Ketiga, bagaimana dinamika konflik berbasis tambang batubara antaramasyarakat lokal dan pelaku usaha serta bagaimana peran pemerintah daerah didalamnya?Di tataran teoretik, studi ini menggunakan teori oligarki dari Ostermansebagai acuan utama. Selain itu juga menggunakan teori negara Marxis dariMandel dan Althusser, teori desentralisasi dan politik lokal dari Smith dan Stoker,dan teori konflik dari Rozen, sebagai acuan pendukung.Pada tataran metodologis,studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.Temuan pokok studi ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan pengusahatambang dengan penguasa lokal dan pejabat-pejabat birokrasi berlangsung dekatkarena antarpihak meskipun berbeda kepentingan namun mampu mempertemukankepentingan tersebut dan sama-sama mengambil keuntungan. Pengusaha tambangmendapatkan kemudahan-kemudahan serta keuntungan ekonomi, sedangkanpengusasa lokal dan pejabat birokrasi mendapatkan keuntungan politik danekonomi sekaligus.Hubungan antara pengusaha tambang dengan penguasa lokal terlihatsangat jelas pada saat pemilihan kepala daerah. Dalam sejarah pemilihan kepaladaerah langsung di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu selama ini, pasangan kandidat yangmemenangkan kontestasi selalu saja yang mendapat dukungan penuh dari parapengusaha tambang. Pengusaha tambang yang cukup berpengaruh dalam setiapmomen pemilihan kepala daerah langsung serta dalam dinamika politik lokalKabupaten Tanah Bumbu merupakan para pengusaha lokal.Teori-teori yang digunakan dalam studi ini, baik teori utama maupun teoripendukung, sangat membantu dalam memberikan penjelasan terhadap temuantemuanpenelitian, serta dalam membentuk kerangka berpikir ketika membanguninterpretasi-interpretasi. Memang, satu teori tidak secara utuh bisa menjadisandara penjelasan, dan karena itu dilengkapi dengan teori-teori yang lain

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ABSTRACTThis research is based on the activity of coal mining investment in Tanah Bumbu Districtthat is not merely for economic and business purposes, butalso contains the dimensions ofpolitics which affect the power dynamics in the local politics. Three major questions areanswered and discussed by this study. First, what is the relationship pattern between the localgovernment and the coal mining businessmen and how does it affect the policies of coal mininginvestment in Tanah Bumbu? Second, what is the political role of the coal mining businessmenin the local elections? Third, how is the coal mine-based conflict between the local communitiesand the coal mining businessmen, and what is the government?s role in it?In a theoretical level, this study uses Osterman?s theory of oligarchy as the main theory.In addition, Mandel?s and Althusser?s theory of Marxist states, Smith?s and Stoker?sdecentralization theory and local politics theory, and Rozen?s conflict theory are used as itssupporting theories. Furthermore, this study uses a qualitative approach.The principal finding of this study shows that the close relationship between the coalmining businessmen and the local authorities as well as the bureaucratic officers is the result ofeach party?s interest. Although they have different interests, they managed to combine it andbenefit from it. The coal mining businessmen are guaranteed facilities and economic benefits,while the local authorities and bureaucratic officers gains political and economic benefits.The relationship between the coal mining businessmen and the local authorities can beseen clearly during the local elections. Throughout the years, the winning candidates of theTanah Bumbu local elections are those who gain the support of the coal mining businessmen.Therefore, it is evident that the coal mining businessmen have influence over the local electionsand over the dynamics of the local politics in Tanah Bumbu.Both the main and supporting theories used in this study are helpful in giving a clearexplanation of the research findings and in forming a framework while constructing theinterpretations. In order to give a thorough explanation, several theories are needed"

"Konteks reformasi regulasi secara tepat menjadi penting untuk menunjang agendareformasi birokrasi di Indonesia. Eksistensi regulasi di Indonesia saat ini tidak terlepasdari isu tumpang tindih yang tidak menjamin kepastian hukum terutama di sektorpertambangan, mineral, dan batu bara. Adapun hal ini dapat dibenahi melalui strategireformasi regulasi sebagai upaya dalam mencapai tujuan nasional. Maka dari itu, skripsiini bertujuan untuk menganalisis regulatory reform pada sektor pertambangan, mineraldan batubara di Indonesia menggunakan konsep Modern Mining Code yangdikembangkan oleh Nguyen, Boruff & Tonts (2019). Penelitian ini menggunakanparadigma post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melaluiwawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwaregulatory reform pada sektor pertambangan, mineral, dan batubara telah memberikanbeberapa manfaat mengenai kepastian investasi, hukum, dan simplifikasi permasalahanyang ada sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya terdapat 5 indikator yangtidak sesuai dengan regulatory reform perspektif modern mining code yaitu Foreignexchange access, Elimination of political pressure, Arbitration of impacts on localpeoples, Address indigenous issues, dan Stipulate rights of regulatory authority,sedangkan 24 indikator sisanya dari 10 dimensi yang ada pada teori Modern Mining codesudah sesuai dan terakomodir pada upaya regulatory reform sektor mineral dan batubara.

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The proper context of regulatory reform is important to support the bureaucratic reform

agenda in Indonesia. The existence of regulations in Indonesia today is inseparable from

overlapping issues that do not guarantee legal certainty, especially in the mining, mineral,

and coal sectors. This can be addressed through a regulatory reform strategy as an effort

to achieve national goals. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyze regulatory reform in the

mining, mineral, and coal sector in Indonesia using the Modern Mining Code concept

developed by Nguyen, Boruff & Tonts (2019). This study uses a post-positivist paradigm

with data collection techniques carried out through in-depth interviews and literature

study. Research findings indicate that regulatory reform in the mining, mineral, and coal

sectors has provided several benefits regarding investment certainty, law, and

simplification of previous problems. The research results show that there are only 5

indicators that are not by regulatory reform from the perspective of modern mining code,

namely Foreign exchange access, Elimination of political pressure, Arbitration of impacts

on local peoples, Address indigenous issues, and Stipulate rights of regulatory authority,

while the remaining 24 indicators are from The 10 dimensions in the Modern Mining

code theory are appropriate and accommodated in the regulatory reform efforts of the

mineral and coal sector."

"Indonesia's coal production has increased rapidly over the past 15 years. Most economists believe that the western part of the Asia-Pacific region is poised to become the most economically dynamic region in the world. Rapid economic development which will be followed by tremendous growth in energy consumption. This writing describes Indonesia's recent coal mining development, infrastructures, transportation, ports, and future development scenario."