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"The success of Indonesian mining industry cannot be separated from the effort to improve mining policies which has attracted considerable number of foreign investment. Further improvement is required to accommodate future exploration and mining to be able to meet both national and investor interest. In the future, mineral exploration in Indonesia will be influenced by tighter space arrangement regulation. It is therefore recommended that people from mining industry could intensify exploration as well as mining development without damaging the environment. Besides that, they should be able to maintain important mineralized areas as mining areas."

"Indonesia's mineral and energy industry plays a key role in sustaining Indonesia's export earnings, employment and regional development. The importance of the industry is destined to increase, with development in coal and base metals taking place at this moment or in the very near future. The importance of mining can be measured by its contribution to the GDP, export revenues and government fiscal revenue. The contribution to the GDP is of particular importance."

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini membahas mengenai evaluasi atas ketentuan pajak nail down yang diterapkan pada industri pertambangan mineral dan batubara di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi penerapan ketentuan pajak nail down pada sektor pertambangan dengan menggunakan dua asas pemungutan pajak yaitu asas certainty dan asas neutrality. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan pajak nail down telah memenuhi asas certainty namun terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat menghambat pemenuhan asas tersebut. Sedangkan, ketentuan pajak nail down tidak memenuhi asas neutrality karena mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan oleh investor.

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ABSTRACTThis research focused on the evaluation of nail down tax system on the mining industry in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the application of nail down tax system on the mining industry by using two principles of tax collection which are certainty and neutrality. This research used a qualitative approach with field research and literature data collection methods. The results showed that the nail down tax system has fulfilled the principle of certainty but there are several factors that can inhibit the fulfillment of these principles. However, the nail down tax system does not meet the principle of neutrality because it affects decision making by investors. "

"Dalam industri pertambangan mineral logam, smelter merupakan bagian dari proses sebuah produksi, mineral yang ditambang dari alam biasanya masih tercampur dengan kotoran yaitu material bawaan yang tidak diinginkan. Sementara ini, material bawaan tersebut harus dibersihkan, selain itu juga harus dimurnikan pada smelter. Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan nilai kelayakan investasi dari pembangunan smelter tembaga, bijih besi, bauksit dan menentukan konsumsi perkapita mineral nasional pada tahun 2040. Metode untuk menentukan nilai kelatakan investasi adalah dengan metode Internal Rate of Return IRR dengan ketiga komponen yaitu Initial Cost IC , Operational Maintanance OM dan Revenue. Nilai Initial Cost dan Operational Maintanance pada penelitian didapat dari benchmarking sedangkan untuk revenue didapat dari perkalian antara kapasitas smelter dengan harga komoditas. Untuk menentukan konsumsi perkapita mineral forecast digunakan metode wawancara pakar, yaitu hasil dari wawancara pakar adalah dengan cara pembagian antara konsumsi mineral forecast dengan penduduk Indonesia forecast. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah nilai Internal Rate of Return dari smelter tembaga yaitu sebesar 13,8 , untuk smelter alumunium sebesar 11,28 , sedangkan untuk smelter bijih besi sebesar 11,96 , sedangkan untuk konsumsi perkapita mineral besi sebesar 168,06 kg/orang/tahun, untuk mineral alumunium sebesar 21,55 kg/orang/tahun, untuk mineral tembaga sebesar 13,63 kg/orang/tahun.

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In the metal mineral mining industry, smelters are part of a production process, minerals that are mined from nature are usually still mixed with impurities that are undesirable materials. Meanwhile, the material must be cleaned, but it must also be purified on the smelter. The purpose of this study is to determine the investment feasibility study of the construction of copper smelter, iron ore, bauxite and determine the national per capita consumption of mineral in 2040. The method to determine the investment feasibility study is by Internal Rate of Return IRR method with three components, Initial Cost IC , Operational Maintenance OM and Revenue. The value of Initial Cost and Operational Maintenance on the research is obtained from benchmarking, while revenue is obtained from multiplication of smelter capacity with commodity price. To determine the consumption of perkapita mineral forecast used expert interview method, that is result of expert interview is by way of division between mineral consumption forecast with population of Indonesia forecast. The result of this research is the value of Internal Rate of Return of copper smelter which is 13.8 , for aluminum smelter is 11.28 , while for iron ore smelter is 11.96 , while for per capita consumption of iron mineral is 168,06 kg person year, for aluminum mineral of 21.55 kg person year, for copper minerals of 13.63 kg person year."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perbandingan bentuk antara Kuasa Pertambangan, dan Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara dengan Izin Usaha Pertambangan . Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dan bersifat komparatif-analitis, sedangkan metode analisis datanya adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar pemerintah segera menetapkan Peraturan Pemerintah yang mengatur lebih lanjut Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara ini, agar tidak menimbulkan kesimpangsiuran dalam perubahan regulasi ini. Dan mengajak seluruh lapisan masyarakat untuk mendukung kebijakan yang telah diambil pemerintah ini kecuali dengan sebuah kritik yang membangun. Pertambangan Batubara, Kuasa Pertambangan, Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara, Izin Usaha Pertambangan.

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This thesis discusses the comparison between the Power of Mining, and the Coal Contract of Works with the Coal Mining Business License. Research method used is the approach of juridical normative and comparative-analytical, whereas the method of analysis is a method of qualitative data. The researcher suggests that the government immediately set a Government Regulation which set out more for this Law Number 4 Year 2009 About Coal Mining Mineral, in order not to cause confusion in this regulation change. And invites the whole society to support the policies that this government has taken, exception with the good criticism."

"Konteks reformasi regulasi secara tepat menjadi penting untuk menunjang agendareformasi birokrasi di Indonesia. Eksistensi regulasi di Indonesia saat ini tidak terlepasdari isu tumpang tindih yang tidak menjamin kepastian hukum terutama di sektorpertambangan, mineral, dan batu bara. Adapun hal ini dapat dibenahi melalui strategireformasi regulasi sebagai upaya dalam mencapai tujuan nasional. Maka dari itu, skripsiini bertujuan untuk menganalisis regulatory reform pada sektor pertambangan, mineraldan batubara di Indonesia menggunakan konsep Modern Mining Code yangdikembangkan oleh Nguyen, Boruff & Tonts (2019). Penelitian ini menggunakanparadigma post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melaluiwawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwaregulatory reform pada sektor pertambangan, mineral, dan batubara telah memberikanbeberapa manfaat mengenai kepastian investasi, hukum, dan simplifikasi permasalahanyang ada sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya terdapat 5 indikator yangtidak sesuai dengan regulatory reform perspektif modern mining code yaitu Foreignexchange access, Elimination of political pressure, Arbitration of impacts on localpeoples, Address indigenous issues, dan Stipulate rights of regulatory authority,sedangkan 24 indikator sisanya dari 10 dimensi yang ada pada teori Modern Mining codesudah sesuai dan terakomodir pada upaya regulatory reform sektor mineral dan batubara.

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The proper context of regulatory reform is important to support the bureaucratic reform

agenda in Indonesia. The existence of regulations in Indonesia today is inseparable from

overlapping issues that do not guarantee legal certainty, especially in the mining, mineral,

and coal sectors. This can be addressed through a regulatory reform strategy as an effort

to achieve national goals. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyze regulatory reform in the

mining, mineral, and coal sector in Indonesia using the Modern Mining Code concept

developed by Nguyen, Boruff & Tonts (2019). This study uses a post-positivist paradigm

with data collection techniques carried out through in-depth interviews and literature

study. Research findings indicate that regulatory reform in the mining, mineral, and coal

sectors has provided several benefits regarding investment certainty, law, and

simplification of previous problems. The research results show that there are only 5

indicators that are not by regulatory reform from the perspective of modern mining code,

namely Foreign exchange access, Elimination of political pressure, Arbitration of impacts

on local peoples, Address indigenous issues, and Stipulate rights of regulatory authority,

while the remaining 24 indicators are from The 10 dimensions in the Modern Mining

code theory are appropriate and accommodated in the regulatory reform efforts of the

mineral and coal sector."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak dari aktivitas sektor pertambangan terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan antar provinsi di Indonesia untuk periode tahun 2000 sampai dengan 2010. Sektor pertambangan yang menjadi tumpuan pendapatan negara pada masa Orde Baru nyatanya sampai dengan saat ini pendapatan riil dari sektor pertambangan meningkat sepanjang tahun. Begitu juga dengan proporsi ekspor sektor primer yang meningkat bahkan sudah mulai melebihi proporsi ekspor sektor manufaktur. Meningkatnya aktivitas sektor pertambangan tersebut mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat keberlanjutan secara rata-rata di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil regresi, dampak negatif antara pendapatan sektor pertambangan dengan tingkat keberlanjutan yang menggunakan indikator genuine saving merupakan akibat dari hubungan positif antara pendapatan sektor pertambangan dengan tingkat deplesi. Walaupun masih tinggi pendapatan sektor pertambangan yang menyebabkan deplesi, harus dilakukan proses alih kapasitas kepada modal manusia untuk menjaga tingkat keberlanjutan tetap positif. Berdasarkan hasil regresi, hubungan pendapatan sektor pertambangan dengan investasi modal manusia memang positif namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan.

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This study analyzes the impact of mining sector activities on sustainable development among provinces in Indonesia for the period 2000 to 2010. Mining sector, which became the main source of the state revenues during the New Order era, has an increase in real income during observed year. In addition, the proportion of primary sector exports has been increasing moreover it started to exceed the proportion of manufacturing exports. Increased mining sector activity affects a decrease of sustainability level in Indonesia.

Based on the regression result, the negative impact of mining sector revenues to the level of sustainability using Genuine Saving as indicator is the result of a positive relationship between the mining sector incomes to natural resource depletion. Although higher mining sector incomes lead to depletion, capacity transfer process must be made to the human capital capacity investment in order to maintain positive level of sustainability. Based on the regression result, the mining sector revenue relationship with human capital investment is positive but not significant."

"Nowadays the exertion of mineral in Indonesia should be based on the GBHN of 1993 which is set for the next 25, the year 2019. According to the Pelita VI, there are several points that should be considered in mining industry. The mining industry should include all aspect related to regional economics, regional manpower, considering land use allocation, infrastructure development, reclamation, etc. In line with the rapid growth of Asia-Pacific economy, Indonesian mining should be able to compete. To anticipate future economic challenge, Indonesia should prepare important aspects including building infrastructure, establishing relationship with neighboring countries, as well as improving administration services among others."

"Indonesia's coal production has increased rapidly over the past 15 years. Most economists believe that the western part of the Asia-Pacific region is poised to become the most economically dynamic region in the world. Rapid economic development which will be followed by tremendous growth in energy consumption. This writing describes Indonesia's recent coal mining development, infrastructures, transportation, ports, and future development scenario."