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"As first step to discuss "element of crimes" of Crimes Against Humaninty, the writer explain the concept of gross violation on human rights. This article focus on the normative and conceptual development of Crimes against Humanity:., its element of crime and its application. Furthrmore the discussion is focus on sexual crime, as mention in article 7 (g) the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court: rape, sexuality slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexuality violence of comparable gravity or as mention in article 9 (g) UU no. 26/2000 about Human Rights Courts. The lack of attention toward gender based violence issue in the Indonesia law literature is one of the reason why the writer is writing about this issue"

"Since the concept of command responsibility in new in Indonesia, there are various misperception and misinterpretation on this matter. This article is dedicated to the millitary officers, judiciares, and lawyers in order to help them to understood the concept of command responsibility in international humanitarian law and also in human rights law and to avoid the misperception and misinterpretation. Several important element is discussed by the writer such as the concepts of command responsibility and superiors command, type of violation in international humanitarian law and human rights law, and the application of command responsibility"

"Application of Universal jurisdiction basically is an effort to avoid impunity. nevertheless in the reality its application often has been connected with state sovereignity. Recently we heard a strong reaction from Indonesia. Government about the indictment of General Wiranto and seven other military officers and also abilio Soares by special panel for serious crime unit in Dili Court, Timor Leste. This article explains several important aspects of human rights cases in order to be applicable with universal jurisdiction, such as: the type of crimes and the requirements based on international law"

"The rapid ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the orderly election of its judges and prosecutor believe the radical nature of the new institution. Indonesia is one of countries that rejected the International Criminal Court (ICC) Statute. Indonesia?s reason at that time was that Indonesian sovereignty would be threatened or its national security would be compromise. Interestingly, some of the crimes within the Rome Statute jurisdiction (Article 5 of the Rome Statute) had been adopted by Indonesia in its domestic law such as the Law No. 26 year 2000 concerning Human Rights Court. Jurisdiction of the Law No. 26 year 2000 is and genocide and crimes against humanity. The Law No. 26 year 2000 also adopts the idea of Ad hoc tribunal that is possible to apply ex post facto justice. Finally, it plays important role in order to protect Indonesian interest and to fulfill international community point of views."

"Telah dilakukan kajian atas 5 putusan Makhamah Konsitusi yang menyangkut Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK). Kelima putusan itu adalah Putusan MK No.3/PUU-VI/2008, Putusan MK No.5/PUU-IX/2011, Putusan MK No.49/PUU-IX/2011, Putusan MK No.31/PUU-XI/2012, dan Putusan MK No.13/PUU-XI/2013. Putusan-putusan ini menyangkut peranan BPK memeriksa Wajib Pajak, BPK dalam menetapkan kerugian negara serta tentang masa jabatan anggota BPK. Beberapa putusan dikaitkan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) di UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Putusan-putusan ini menjadikan materi Pasal 27 ayat (1), Pasal 28 D ayat (1) dan Pasal 28 D ayat (3) sebagai pertimbangan hukum, tanpa memperhatikan keseluruhan materi UUD NRI Tahun 1945, khususnya Pasal 28J ayat (2). Kedepan, kasus seperti ini perlu diperhatikan oleh Makhaman Konstitusi."

"Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum/normatif. Penelitian ini membahas kasus Pilav v. Bosnia Herzegovina yang diadili di European Court of Human Rights. Dalam tesis ini dibahas kedudukan konstitusi negara sebagai bentuk pelaksanaan kedaulatan negara, yang dilindungi dari intervensi asing oleh hukum internasional. Dibahas pula perkembangan penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia yang berimbas pada pembatasan terhadap jurisdiksi domestik negara untuk menetapkan hukum bagi wilayah dan warga negaranya, termasuk adanya kewenangan pengadilan internasional untuk mengadili konstitusi negara yang bertentangan dengan norma hukum internasional tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Dalam hal pertentangan antara konstitusi negara dengan aturan hukum internasional tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, digunakan sudut pandang hukum internasional dan hukum nasional. Kedua sudut pandang ini digunakan untuk menganalisis putusan European Court of Human Rights dalam kasus Pilav v. Bosnia Herzegovina.

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The purpose of this thesis is to present a case study of Pilav v. Bosnia Herzegovina before European Court of Human Rights. This thesis uses theoretical arguments and international law instruments to analyse the violation of international norms on human rights by state constitution. This thesis discusses the legal status of state constitution as a part of domaine r serv, which is protected from foreign intervention according to international law. It also discusses the development of international law on human rights, which leads to the limitation on domestic jurisdiction of a state including the emergence of international courts which have the jurisdiction to adjudicate violation of international norms on human rights by state constitution. In the conflict between international norms on human rights and state constitution, there are two perspectives that can be used international law and national law. These two perspectives are used in this thesis to examine ECtHR rsquo s jurisdiction on this case."

"The Human Rights Court established in Indonesia is the first in its kind. Various opinion emerge regarding the exixtence of court. In one hand, Indonesia is considered against the international desire to bring the perpetrator to eliminate the assumption that Indonesia is unable and unwilling to bring the perpetrator who convicted breach gross violation on human rights. This article based on the writer personal explain the legal and non-legal difficult in the Indonesia HUman Rights Court."