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"Composite of biomaterial for further hard tissue-engineering application was produced by composing HA-200 powder and photopolymer pasta at room temperature for various percent weight of HA-200. Since HA-200 is bioceramic material which is characterized by bioactive, hard and brittle, in the pure condition it is difficult to be formed into a customized geometry at room temperature. Therefore, compossing into a composite form at room temperature would be a better way due to ease of forming and less expensive in processing. Various percent weight of HA-200 i.e. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 % was blended with a pasta photopolymer to be a particulate composite and UV light with the wave length of 440-460 nm has been applied to cure the composite into a solid state for less than 1 minute. To observe the composite tensile strength, the specimens were examined by diametral tensile strength (DTS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM micrographs have shown that the spiky HA-200 was distributed evenly in the matrix of photopolymer.The highest tensile strength (39.2 MPa) was achieved at 10 percent volume of HA-200 and did not give better tensile strength for higher content of HA-200 as suggested by DTS results."

"Latar belakang: LCU-LED prototipe metode PWM iradiansi 900 dan 1.000 mW/cm2 telah dibuat untuk mengurangi panas dengan lama penyinaran 10 detik.Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh iradiansi terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral komposit resin nanofil.Metodologi: Spesimen disinar dengan LCU-LED prototipe iradiansi 900 dan 1.000 mW/cm2 serta LCU pembanding (900 mW/cm2). Komposit resin nanofil ditumpat ke dalam cetakan stainless steel. Uji kekuatan tarik diametral dilakukan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Analisis statistik menggunakan One-way ANOVA dan LSD(α=0.05).Hasil penelitian: Kekuatan tarik diametral dari iradiansi 900,1.000 mW/cm2 dan LCU pembanding secara berurutan adalah 48,75±5,3, 49,85±7,7 dan 49,48±5,3 MPa. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada semua kelompok (p>0.05).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat pengaruh iradiansi sinar 900 dan 1000 mW/cm2 terhadap kekuatan Tarik diametral komposit resin nanofil.

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Background: Prototype LCU-LED using PWM with irradiance 900 and 1,000mW/cm2 has constructed that can reduce temperature for polymerizing in ten seconds.

Objective: To analyze the effect of difference irradiance on diametral tensile strength of the composite resin nanofilled.

Method: Speciments were polymerized using the prototype with irradiance of 900, 1.000 mW/cm2 and commercially avaiable(900 mW/cm2) as comparison. Diametral tensile strength was determined using Universal Testing Machine. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by LSD(α=0,05).

Result: Value of diametral tensile strength irradiance 900,1.000 mW/cm2 and commercial avaiable were 48.75 ± 49.85 ± 5.3 MPa and 7.7 MPa respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in groups(p>0.05).

Conclusion: There is no effect of light irradiance on the diametral tensile strength of composite resin nanofilled."

"Latar Belakang: Karies atau gigi berlubang merupakan masalah gigi dan mulut yang sering terjadi pada manusia. Cara untuk menangani masalah tersebut yaitu dengan membuat restorasi. Bahan restorasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menangani karies adalah resin komposit. Salah satu resin komposit jenis supra-nano flowable yang beredar dipasaran Indonesia adalah Palfique Universal Flow (Tokuyama Corporation, Japan). Resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow dapat digunakan sebagai restorasi direk untuk gigi anterior maupun posterior. Pada rongga mulut, saat dilakukannya curing, kecil kemungkinan light curing dapat berkontak langsung dengan permukaan restorasi terutama pada gigi posterior. Sejauh ini belum ada penelitian mengenai pengaruh jarak penyinaran terhadap diametral tensile strength pada resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh jarak penyinaran terhadap diametral tensile strength dari resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow tipe super low dan medium. Metode: Resin komposit yang digunakan adalah jenis supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow tipe super low dan medium. Spesimen resin komposit untuk menguji diametral tensile strength berbentuk silinder berdiameter 6 mm dan ketebalan 3 mm. Jumlah specimen berjumlah 36 dibagi masing-masing menjadi 3 kelompok pada tipe super low dan medium dengan jarak penyinaran 0, 3, dan 6 mm menggunakan light curing unit LED, dengan iradiansi 1050 W/cm2, durasi 10 detik. Nilai diametral tensile strength diuji dengan alat Universal Testing Machine. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik One Way Anova dan uji Independent Sample T-test. Hasil: Nilai diametral tensile strength pada tipe super low (jarak penyinaran 0, 3, dan 6 mm secara berurutan) 46,47 ± 3,49 MPa, 43,78 ± 3,36 MPa, dan 40,00 ± 3,17 MPa. Nilai diametral tensile strength pada tipe medium (jarak penyinaran 0, 3, dan 6 mm secara berurutan) 49,19 ± 2,95 MPa, 45,64 ± 3,62 MPa, dan 43,36 ± 3,54 MPa. Nilai diametral tensile strength pada jarak 0 dan 6 mm pada tipe super low maupun medium memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Nilai diametral tensile strength tipe medium lebih besar dibandingkan dengan tipe super low pada setiap kelompok jarak penyinaran tapi tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna (p≥0,05). Kesimpulan: Semakin jauh jarak penyinaran pada resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow tipe super low dan medium, maka nilai diametral tensile strength semakin rendah. Nilai diametral tensile strength resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow tipe medium yang di-curing pada jarak penyinaran 0, 3, dan 6 mm lebih besar dibandingkan dengan tipe super low.

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Background: Tooth decay or dental caries is a common oral health issue in humans. One way to address this problem is by creating restorations. Composite resin is a restoration material commonly used to treat dental caries. One of the types of supra-nano flowable composite resins available in the Indonesian market is Palfique Universal Flow (Tokuyama Corporation, Japan). Supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow can be used for direct restorations in both anterior and posterior teeth. During the curing process in the oral cavity, there is a small chance that light curing can directly contact the restoration surface, especially in posterior teeth. So far, there has been no research on the influence of light curing distance on the diametral tensile strength of supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow. Objective: To analyze the effect of light curing distance on the diametral tensile strength of supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow in super low and medium types. Methods: The composite resin used was supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow in super low and medium types. Specimens for testing diametral tensile strength were cylindrical with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 3 mm. There were 36 specimens, divided into 3 groups for each super low and medium types, with curing distances of 0, 3, and 6 mm using a LED light curing unit, with irradiance of 1050 W/cm2 for 10 seconds. Diametral tensile strength values were tested using a Universal Testing Machine. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-test. Results: Diametral tensile strength values for super low type (at curing distances of 0, 3, and 6 mm, respectively) were 46.47 ± 3.49 MPa, 43.78 ± 3.36 MPa, and 40.00 ± 3.17 MPa. Diametral tensile strength values for medium type (at curing distances of 0, 3, and 6 mm, respectively) were 49.19 ± 2.95 MPa, 45.64 ± 3.62 MPa, and 43.36 ± 3.54 MPa. There were statistically significant differences in diametral tensile strength values between 0 mm and 6 mm curing distances for both super low and medium types (p<0.05). The diametral tensile strength of the medium type was greater than that of the super low type in each curing distance group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p≥0.05). Conclusion: The farther the light curing distance in supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow super low and medium types, the lower the diametral tensile strength values. The diametral tensile strength values of supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow medium type cured at 0, 3, and 6 mm distances were greater than those of the super low type."

"Terdapat beberapa material pengisi tulang yang digunakan hingga saat ini, namun memiliki kekurangan yaitu dapat terjadi transmisi penyakit dan jumlah yang terbatas. Untuk mengatasi kekurangan tersebut, dikembangkan material pengisi tulang sintetis berupa blok maupun granul yang berasal dari karbonat apatit (C-Ap). Karbonat apatit (C-Ap) dianggap sebagai material yang unggul karena sesuai dengan syarat ideal dari material pengisi tulang sintetis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat blok karbonat apatit (C-Ap) menggunakan prekursor gipsum (CaSO4) melalui metode disolusi presipitasi dengan larutan 0,5 mol/L Na2CO3 dan 0,5 mol/L Na3PO4 serta larutan 1 mol/L Na2CO3 dan 1 mol/L Na3PO4 selama 48 jam dan 72 jam pada suhu 100oC dan juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kekuatan tarik diametral dari blok karbonat apatit (C-Ap) yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 36 spesimen gipsum berdiameter 6 mm dan tinggi 3 mm yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu untuk disolusi presipitasi dengan larutan 0,5 mol/L Na2CO3 dan 0,5 mol/L Na3PO4 selama 48 jam; 1 mol/L Na2CO3 dan 1 mol/L Na3PO4 selama 48 jam; 0,5 mol/L Na2CO3 dan 0,5 mol/L Na3PO4 selama 72 jam; dan larutan 1 mol/L Na2CO3 dan 1 mol/L Na3PO4 72 jam. Pembentukan karbonat apatit (C-Ap) dikarakterisasi dengan melihat gugus fungsi C-Ap dengan alat ATR-FTIR (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachussets, USA). Uji kekuatan tarik diametral dari spesimen yang dihasilkan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (Shimadzu, Japan) dengan parameter crosshead speed 0,5 mm/menit dengan load 5 kN. Data kuat tarik diametral diuji statistik dengan One-way Anova dan Tukey HSD Post-Hoc untuk kemaknaan perbedaan antar kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terbentuknya karbonat apatit (C-Ap) pada spesimen yang dibuat dengan dengan metode disolusi presipitasi dengan molaritas larutan yang lebih tinggi (1 mol/L) selama 48 jam dan 72 jam dan dengan nilai kekuatan tarik diametral yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok spesimen yang dibuat dengan metode disolusi presipitasi pada molaritas larutan rendah (0,5 mol/L) selama 48 jam dan 72 jam. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok dari kelompok yang menggunakan metode disolusi presipitasi elama 48 jam 0,5 mol/L dan 72 jam 0,5 mol/L terhadap kelompok 48 jam 1 mol/L dan 72 jam 1 mol/L. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan molaritas larutan dan lama disolusi presipitasi berpengaruh pada pembentukan karbonat apatit dan kuat tarik diametralnya.

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There are several bone graft materials used today, but its disadvantages are transmission of disease and their limited amount available. Eventually, synthetic bone graft in the form of the blocks or granules were developed from carbonate apatite (C-Ap). Carbonate apatite (C-Ap) is considered a superior material because of its ideal condition as synthetic bone graft material. This study aims to develop carbonate apatite blocks (C-Ap) using gypsum as precursors (CaSO4) through dissolution precipitation method with 0,5 mol/L Na2CO3 dan 0,5 mol/L Na3PO4 and 1 mol/L Na2CO3 and 1 mol/L Na3PO4 for 48 hours and 72 hours at 100oC and also aims to determine the diametral tensile strength of carbonate apatite block (C-Ap) produced. This study uses 36 gypsum specimens of 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height, divided into 4 groups for the dissolution precipitation with a solution of : 0,5 mol/L Na2CO3 dan 0,5 mol/L Na3PO4 for 48 hours; 1 mol/L Na2CO3 and 1 mol/L Na3PO4 for 48 hours; 0,5 mol/L Na2CO3 and 0,5 mol/L Na3PO4 for 72 hours; and a solution of 1 mol/L Na2CO3 and 1 mol/L Na3PO4 for 72 hours. The formation of carbonate apatite (C-Ap) was characterized by ATR-FTIR (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). The diametral tensile strength were determined using Universal Testing Machine (Shimadzu, Japan) with a crosshead speed of 0,5 mm/min and load of 5 kN. Diametral tensile strength data were statistically tested using One-Way Anova and Tukey HSD Post-Hoc for the significance of differences between groups. The result showed that the formation of carbonate apatite (C-Ap) were developed in specimens made by dissolution precipitation method with higher molarity solution (1 mol/L) for 48 hours and 72 hours and with lower diametral tensile strength values compared to specimen groups made by dissolution precipitation method at low molarity solution (0,5 mol/L) for 48 hours and 72 hours. There were significant differences between groups of groups using the 48 hours dissolution precipitation in 0,5 mol/L and 72 hours in 0,5 mol/L dissolution precipitation method against thee 48 hours 1 mol/L and 72 hours 1 mol/L groups. It can be concluded that differences of molarity of the solution and duration of dissolution precipitations method can affect the formation of carbonate apatite and its diametral tensile strength."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh warna terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit bulk-fill. Tiga kelompok spesimen resin komposit bulkfill dari Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichenstein) warna IVA, IVB, dan IVW dipolimerisasi menggunakan LED light curing unit. Uji kekuatan tarik diametral dilakukan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit bulk-fill warna IVA, IVB, dan IVW, secara berurutan adalah sebesar 41,730±3,729 MPa; 42,573±3,472 MPa dan 45,402±2,038 MPa. Analisa statistik Post-hoc Test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara kekuatan tarik diametral kelompok warna IVA dengan IVW. Dapat disimpulkan, warna resin komposit bulk-fill dapat mempengaruhi kekuatan tarik diametralnya.

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This study aimed to evaluate the influence of color shades on diametral tensile strength of bulk-fill composites. Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill in color shade IVA, IVB, and IVW were polymerized using LED light curing unit. Universal Testing Machine was used to determined the diametral tensile strength (DTS). The value of specimen color shade IVA, IVB, and IVW are 41.730±3.729 MPa; 42.573±3.472 MPa and 45.402±2.038 MPa, respectively. Post-hoc test revealed that DTS between bulk-fill composites in color shade IVA and IVW is significantly different (p<0,05). It can be concluded that diametral tensile strength of bulk-fill composite could be affected by its color shades"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh durasi penyinaran terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit bulk-fill. Enam puluh spesimen Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill ketebalan 3 mm dan diameter 6 mm; warna IVA dan IVW dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok berdasarkan durasi penyinaran 10 detik, 15 detik, dan 20 detik untuk setiap warna. Spesimen dipolimerisasi dengan LED curing unit Bluephase Style, 1.280 mW/cm2 dan diuji kekuatan tarik diametralnya menggunakan uji statistik Universal Testing Machine. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dan Post-Hoc Tukey HSD. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different exposure time and bulk fill composite shade on its diametral tensile strength. Sixty disc shaped specimens of Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill 3 mm of thickness x 6 mm of diameter shade IVA and IVW were divided into 3 subgroups for each shade according to exposure times 10 s, 15 s, and 20 s . All specimens were polymerized using LED curing unit Bluephase Style, 1.280 mW cm2 and tested using Universal Testing Machine to determine its diametral tensile strength. Data were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA dan Post Hoc Tukey test. The result showed a significant differences in all groups."

"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan sumber sinar berbeda terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit bulk-fill. Resin komposit bulk-fill Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill dibuat sebanyak 20 spesimen berbentuk lempeng dengan diameter 6 mm dan tebal 3 mm. Spesimen dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok yang disinari dengan sumber sinar QTH dan sumber sinar LED. Uji kekuatan tarik diametral dilakukan dengan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rerata kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit bulk-fill yang disinari sumber sinar QTH dan LED sebesar 38.62 2.34 dan 42.02 3.21. Hasil uji independent sample T menunjukkan nilai rerata pada kedua kelompok berbeda bermakna.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using different light sources on the diametral tensile strength of bulk fill resin composite. Bulk fill resin composite Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill was used to make of 20 disc shape specimens with 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness. Specimens were divided into two groups, the two groups were polymerized with using QTH and LED light source curing unit. Diametral tensile strength test was conducted by using a Universal Testing Machine Shimadzu, Japan. The results showed that diametral tensile strength mean value of bulk fill resin composite that were cured with QTH and LED light source were 38.62 2.34 and 42.02 3.21 MPa respectively. Independent sample t test results showed that the mean value of the two groups was significantly different."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketebalan komposit resin dan jarak penyinaran terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral komposit resin serat pendek KRSP . Empat puluh spesimen KRSP EverX PosteriorTM berbentuk lempengan dengan ketebalan 3 dan 4 mm, diameter 6 mm n=20 dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan jarak penyinaran 2 dan 4 mm n=10 . Spesimen dipolimerisasi menggunakan LED curing unit, iradiansi 800 mW/cm2 selama 20 detik. Spesimen diuji menggunakan Universal Testing Machine 250 kgf, 0,5 mm/menit untuk mendapatkan nilai kekuatan tarik diametral. Hasil uji statistik One-Way ANOVA dan post-hoc LSD, kekuatan tarik diametral menurun signifikan pada kelompok dengan ketebalan KRSP 4 mm dan jarak penyinaran 4 mm. Disimpulkan bahwa ketebalan KRSP dan jarak penyinaran dapat mempengaruhi nilai kekuatan tarik diametral.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of short fiber reinforced resin composite SFRC thickness and light curing distance on diametral tensile strength. Forty disc shaped specimens of SFRC EverX PosteriorTM with 3 and 4 mm of resin composite thickness, 6 mm of diameter n 20 were divided into two different light curing distance groups 2 and 4 mm n 10 . All Specimens were polymerized using LED curing unit, irradiance 800 mW cm2 for 20 s. Specimens were tested using Universal Testing Machine 250 kgf, 0,5 mm menit to determine its diametral tensile strength. The result from One Way ANOVA and post hoc LSD statistical test, diametral tensile strength of 4 mm SFRC thickness with 4 mm light curing distance group has significantly decrease. It was concluded that both SFRC thickness and light curing distance has significant effect on the diametral tensile strength."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak penyinaran terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral dari material restorasi resin komposit alkasit. Tigapuluh dua spesimen material restorasi resin komposit alkasit Cention-N, Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein berbentuk lempengan dengan ketebalan 3 mm dan diameter 6 mm n=32 dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan jarak penyinaran 0 dan 2 mm n=16 . Spesimen dipolimerisasi menggunakan LED curing unit, iradiansi 800 mW/cm2 selama 30 detik. Spesimen diuji menggunakan Universa Mechanicall Testing Machine 250 kgf, 0,5 mm/menit, Shimadzu, Japan untuk mendapatkan nilai kekuatan tarik diametral. Hasil uji statistik Independent Sample T-Test menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan tarik diametral menurun namun tidak signifikan terutama pada kelompok dengan jarak penyinaran 2 mm. Disimpulkan bahwa jarak penyinaran dapat mempengaruhi nilai kekuatan tarik diametral.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to analyze the effect of light curing distance on diametral tensile strength of alkasite composite resin restoration material. Thirty two disc shaped specimens of alkasite composite restoration material Cention N, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein with 3 mm thickness and 6 mm of diameter n 32 were divided into two different light curing distance groups 0 and 2 mm n 16 . All Specimens were polymerized using LED curing unit, irradiance 800 mW cm2 for 30 s. Specimens were tested using Universal Mechanical Testing Machine 250 kgf, 0,5 mm menit to determine its diametral tensile strength. The statistical results from Independent Sample T Test, showed that diametral tensile strength of 2 mm light curing distance group were decreased, but not significantly .It was concluded that light curing distance has effect on the diametral tensile strength of composite resin alkasite material."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh intensitas dan lama penyinaran dengan LED curing unit terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit mikrohibrida. Enam puluh tiga spesimen dari tiga merk resin komposit mikrohibrida; Polofil Supra, Filtek Z250, dan Solare X, dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan dan satu kelompok kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan dipolimerisasi menggunakan LED curing unit Flashmax P3 selama satu dan tiga detik sesuai instruksi pabrik. Kelompok kontrol dipolimerisasi menggunakan Ledmax 450 dengan lama penyinaran sesuai instruksi pabrik resin komposit. Hasil analisa statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna. Intensitas cahaya yang tinggi dengan lama penyinaran yang pendek tidak mempengaruhi kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit mikrohibrida.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of light intensity and curing time of the newest LED curing unit on diametral tensile strength of microhybrid composite resin. Sixty three specimens from three brands; Polofil Supra, Filtek Z250, and Solare X, were divided into two test groups and one control group. The test groups were polymerized by LED curing unit Flashmax P3 for one and three seconds based on the manufacturer's instruction. The control group was polymerized by Ledmax 450 with curing time based on composite resin manufacturer's instruction. The result was statistically insignificant. Higher light intensity and shorter curing time did not influence the diametral tensile strength of microhybrid composite resin."