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"Background: Postpartum blues is a mild mental disorder in postpartum mothers. infant feeding methods may affect the reciprocal of the postpartum blues or postpartum maternal mental health, and these symptoms can lead to successful breast-feeders (breast milk) exclusively Results in 2010 in lndonesia RISKESDES feeding patterns in infants < 1 month was 55.1% partially, and in the province of Bengkulu in 2010 52.9% prelakteal feeding. Prevalence of postpartum blues in several countries between 40-60% while the incidence of postpartum blues in Bengkulu not yet been reported. Research Goals: to determine the relationship breast-feeders pad infants aged < 10 days with symptoms of postpartum blues. Methods: This research is a type of observational research with cross sectional design studt. Large sampIe of 97 postpartum women with accidental sampling technique. Analysis of the data used is univariabIe, bivariable, and multivariable. Results: univariable analysis found that breast-feeders in infants less than 10 days almost all partial breastfeeding (48.45%) and only a fraction of full breastfeeding (19.59%), and almost half mothers experience symptoms of postpartum blues (29.90%). Bivariable analysis showed that there is a significant association between breast-feeders in infants age < 10 days, parity and social support to the symptoms of postpartum blues. But there is no relationship between type of labor with symptoms of postpartum blues. Results: Results of logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between early feeding patterns in infants with symptoms of postpartum blues (OR = 4.47, 95% CI: 1.03 to 10.43), which means non-breastfeeding mothers who have a risk 4.47 times more likely to experience postpartum blues than women full breastfeeding. Conclusion: non breastfeeding mothers who have a risk 4.47 times more likelyto have symptoms than women postpartum full breastfeeding blues. So need to improve the delivery of information, education and communication (IEC) on the importance of breast­feeders alone since the first hour of birth to age 6 months in the mother on an ongoing basis from now on antenatal care, delivery, and postpartum by involving her husband and close family"

"Masalah kekurangan gizi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Perawatan MKB Lompoe Kota Parepare tahun 2011 sebanyak 9,02 persen dengan cakupan pemberian ASI Eksklusif sebesar 28,9 persen. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku ibu dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan status gizi bayi umur 6-12 bulan dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi sasaran adalah seluruh bayi umur 6-12 bulan. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 112 responden, menggunakan kuisioner. Perhitungan statistik di lakukan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Dalam penelitian ini diketahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan BB/U (p=0,003), PB/U (p=0,035) dan BB/PB (p=0,011), sikap ibu dengan PB/U (p=0,000) serta perilaku ibu dengan BB/U (p=0,020), BB/PB (p=0,008). Saran untuk menambahkan materi penyuluhan tentang ASI Eksklusif.

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Problem of malnutrition in the work area region of MKB Care Health Center Lompoe Parepare City was 9.02 percent in 2011, with coverage of exclusive breastfeeding for 28.9 percent. Aims to assess maternals knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of exclusive breastfeeding with the nutritional status of infants aged 6-12 months by using cross sectional approach. The target population is all infants aged 6-12 months. The samples were 112 respondents, using a questionnaire. Statistical calculations performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with chisquare test. In this research was discovered that the relationship between maternal knowledge with BW/U (p=0,003), PB/U (p=0,035) and BB/PB (p=0,011), maternal attitude with PB/U (p=0,000) and maternal behavior with BB/U (p=0,020), BB/PB (p=0,008). Suggestion to add more counseling material related to exclusive breastfeeding."

"Kehamilan mengharuskan adaptasi yang berbeda yang dapat menyebabkan kecemasan. Kecemasan pada kehamilan dapat berakibat pada ibu serta kelahiran bayinya. Kecemasan selama kehamilan meningkatkan resiko terjadinya postpartum blues. Postpartum blues ialah periode gangguan emosional setelah melahirkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan antara cemas pada kehamilan dengan terjadinya postpartum blues. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan metode consecutive sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian 107 responden ibu postpartum. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu Blues Questionnaire versi Bahasa Indonesia dan Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale versi Bahasa Indonesia. Ibu nifas memiliki tingkat kecemasan ringan-sedang 36,4 dan mengalami postpartum blues 48,6. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan Chi-square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara kecemasan ringan-sedang dengan postpartum blues p=0,000 Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya memperhatikan psikologis ibu hamil maupun ibu postpartum, mengoptimalkan promosi kesehatan untuk menurunkan kecemasan, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi adaptasi postpartum.

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Pregnancy requires different adaptation which may cause anxiety. Anxiety during pregnancy may affect mother and baby. Anxiety during pregnancy increases risk of postpartum blues. Postpartum blues is a period of emotional disorder after childbirth. The purpose of this study was identifying the relation between anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum blues.

This study used cross sectional design with consecutive sampling method. Total research sample was 107 postpartum women. The instruments were Bahasa Indonesia version of Blues Questionnaire and Bahasa Indonesia version of Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale. Puerperal women had mild moderate level of anxiety 36,4 and had postpartum blues 48,6.

The research result was analyzed by Chi square, showing relation between mild moderate anxiety and postpartum blues p 0,000. This study recommended the importance of paying attention of the psychology of pregnant women and postpartum women, optimizing health promotion to reduce anxiety, identifying other factors influencing postpartum adaptation."

"Bayi umur 4 - 6 bulan mulai mendapatkan makanan pendamping ASI (MP-AS1) secara bertahap, disamping masih tetap mendapat ASI. Pada masa ini kekebalan anak yang didapat secara pasif dari ibunya mulai menurun, sementara bayi mulai mendapatkan makanan yang kurang mencukupi dari kebutuhannya. Beberapa basil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi KEP pada bayi lebib dari 15% berdasarkan indeks status gizi (BB/U). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah gizi pada bayi merupakan hal yang serius yang perlu segera ditangani.Penelitian ini menganalisis data sekunder dari Penelitian " Pola menyusui, Usia penyapihan dan Pemberian MP-ASI dalam Kaitannya dengan Status Gizi Batita (6 - 36 bulan) Di Kecamatan Pedamaran Kabupaten Ogan Komering Mir Sumatera Selatan Tabun 2001". Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh tentang kekuatan hubungan umur pertama kali pemberian MP-ASI dengan status gizi bayi. Pada penelitian ini desain yang digunakan adalah cross sectional (potong lintang). Sampel adalah bayi umur 6 - 12 bulan yang mendapatkan ASI. Analisis yang digunakan adalah univariat, bivariat dan multivariat_Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa prevalensi KEP sebesar 20,7%, rata-rata umur pemberian MP-ASI 3,8 bulan, sedangakan bayi yang diberi MP-ASI < 4 bulan sebesar 31,0%. Asupan energi dari rata-rata 764 kkal sedangkan asupan protein 16 gr. Dari basil analisis multivari.at didapatkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara umur pertama kali pemberian MP-ASI dengan status gizi bayi umur 6 - 12 bulan. Bayi yang mendapatkan MP-ASI pada umur < 4 bulan kemungkinan akan mengalami risiko gizi kurang 5,2251 kali dibandingkan dengan bayi yang mendapatkan MP-ASI pads mnur 4 - 6 bulan setelah dikontrol oleh asupan energi. Ternyata asupan energi berperan sebagai confounder, atau mempunyai pengaruh dalam meningkatkan hubungan umur pertama kali pemberian MP-ASI dengan status gizi bayi.Untuk meningkatkan status gizi bayi maka perlu dilakukan peningkatan pelaksanaan monitoring pertumbuhan melalui kegiatan UPGK di posyandu, selain itu kepada ibu menyusui hams diupayakan untuk tidak memberikan makanan prelakteal dan memberikan MP-ASI dini, karena bila sudah mendapat makanan prelakteal dan IvfP-ASI yang diberikan pada umur < 4 bulan bisa merugikan bayi. Petugas kesehatan berperan penting dalam memberikan pendidikan/konseling terhadap ibu hamil tentang manajemen laktasi. Agar bayi dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gizinya perlu dikembangkan makanan lokal melalui pelatihan pembuatan makanan lokal yang memenuhi syarat gizi dan cita rasa.

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The Relationship between the First Age of Introducing Complementary Feeding with Nutritional Status of Babies aged 6 - 12 Months at Pedamaran Subdistrict Ogan Komering Ilir District South Sumatera in 2001Babies aged 6 -12 months begins to get complemernary feeding gradually while still breast feeded. In this age, baby immunity which was received passively from his mother decreases, while he begins to receive an inadequate food. Several researches show that protein energy malnutrition (PEM) prevalence to babies is more than 15% based on nutritional status index (Weight/Age). This shows that baby nutrition remains serious matter to overcome.

The research analyzes secondary data obtained from the previous research titled "Breast feeding pattern, weaning age and complementary feeding in relation to the nutrition status of baby under three years ( 6 - 36 months) at Pedamaran Subdistrict, Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatera in 2001". This research purpose is to obtain the relational strength between the first age of introducing complementary feeding and nutritional status of babies 6 - 12 months. This research uses cross sectional design, through univariat, bivariat, and multivariate analyses. Samples are baby aged 6 - 12 months who received Breast milk

The research result shows that Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) prevalence is 20,7%, mean of ages introducing complementary feeding is 3,8 months, mean of babies of age of introducing complementary feeding < 4 months is 31,0%, mean of energy intake is 764 kkal, and mean of protein intake is 16 gr. Multivariate analysis shows that there is significant relationship between first age of introducing complementary feeding and nutritional status of infant age 6 -12 months. Babies who received complementary feeding <4 months possible might experience with under nutrition (Weight/Age) risk more than 5,2251 than babies who received complementary feeding at 4 - 6 months of age after controlled by energy intake. Apparently, energy intake plays as confounder role, or has influence to increase the relationship between first age of complementary feeding and nutritional status of infants.

In order to improve baby nutritional status, there should be monitoring improvement through UPGK program at Posyandu. In addition, mother is expected not to administer prelacteal food and able to administer exclusive breast-feeding, because babies given prelacteal and administered of introducing complementary feeding at the age <4 months, they will be harmful. On the other hand there should be information given both to health officers and pregnant mothers about lactation management . In order to baby nutrient necessity, there should be it needs local/ordinary foods development through the training of local food production which fulfills nutrition condition and flavor."

"Prevalensi penyakit hepatitis di Indonesia menurut tim Hepatitis Nasional berkisar 5- 20 % pada negara dengan endemis sedang sampai tinggi. Pada ibu hamil mengidap hepatitis/carier sebanyak 3-8 % dan 45.9 % bayi tertular saat lahir dari ibu pengidap Hepatitis B. Program Imunisasi HB.0 dengan vaksin Hepatitis B uniject ini telah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2002 tapi pada pelaksanaanya masih mengalami banyak kendala sehingga hasil cakupan yang diperoleh masih rendah. Propinsi Kalimantan Barat pencapaian Imunisasi HB.0 pada tahun 2008 32,7 % dan tahun 2009 44,84 % masih berada dibawah rata-rata nasional selama 2 tahun dan hanya sedikit mengalami peningkatan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi status imunisasi HB.0 di Kecamatan Pontianak Tenggara Kota Pontianak Tahun 2011. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Variabel yang secara statistik berhubungan dengan status imunisasi HB.0 pada bayi umur 0-7hari adalah pengetahuan ibu, sikap ibu, penolong persalinan, kunjungan neonatal dan keaktifan petugas imunisasi dalam memberikan motivasi.Disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan untuk menganggarkan dana rutin untuk memberikan pelatihan pada petugas kesehatan,bagi puskesmas, meningkatkan promosi imunisasi HB.0, memberikan pelatihan kepada kader, dan kepada tokoh masyararakat agar lebih terlibat aktif dalam memberikan pembinaan masyarakat tentang pentingnya imunisasi HB.0Prevalence of hepatitis disease in Indonesia according to National Hepatitis team is around 5-20%. Expectant with hepatitis/carier as much as 3-8% and 45.9% babies was infected at birth from mother with hepatitis B. HB.0 Immunization Program with Hepatitis B uniject vaccine was implemented since 2002 but still facing many obstacles, so that obtained scope result was low. In West Kalimantan province achievement of HB.0 Immunization 32.7% at 2008 and 44.84% at 2009, is still below average of national for 2 years and only slightly enhancement.

This study aims to find out find out influence factors of immunization status of HB.0 in Sub-district of South-East Pontianak City of Pontianak year 2011. It is descriptive study with cross sectional design. Statistically variables related to HB.0 immunization to infant age 0-7 days are maternal knowledge, maternal attitude, labor support, neonatal visit, and immunization officer liveliness in motivating.

Recommended to the health Departement to budget routine fund in regard to provide training to health officer, health centers, increase HB.0 immunization promotion, training to cadre, and for community leaders were expected to more active involved in supporting importance of HB.0 immunization to community."

"Pendahuluan: Pemberian ASI ekslusif direkomendasikan hingga anak berusia 6 bulan. Kurangnya pemberian ASI ekslusif merupakan faktor risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi dan anak. Berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian ASI ekslusif diantaranya depresi, inisiasi menyusui dini, wilayah tempat tinggal, status bekerja dan status pernikahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan depresi postpartum dengan pemberian ASI ekslusif pada anak 0-5 bulan di Indonesia berdasarkan data SDKI 2017. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan sumber data berasal dari data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017. Sampel penelitian ini adalah WUS yang melahirkan anak terakhir berumur 0-5 bulan berjumlah 1.266. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mengetahui prevalen odd rasio. Signifikansi dinilai dengan melihat rentang kepercayaan (confident interval) CI 95%. Hasil: Dari 1.266 responden diperoleh prevalensi depresi postpartum 10,2%, pemberian ASI ekslusif 67,1%. Hasil analisis menunjukan responden yang depresi berpeluang 0,762 kali (CI 95% 0,506 – 1,148) untuk tidak memberikan ASI ekslusif setelah dikontrol variabel inisiasi menyusui dini, status bekerja dan status pernikahan. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan depresi postpartum dengan pemberian ASI ekslusif. Namun terdapat hubungan variabel lainnya dengan pemberian ASI ekslusif diantaranya variabel inisiasi menyusui dini, status bekerja dan status pernikahan.Kata kunci: Depresi postpartum, ASI ekslusif, regresi logistik, SDKI, Indonesia

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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for children up to 6 months old. Lack of exclusive breastfeeding is a risk factor for infant and child morbidity and mortality. Various factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding include depression, early breastfeeding initiation, place of residence, work status and marital status. This study aims to determine the association between postpartum depression with exclusive breastfeeding for children 0-5 months in Indonesia based on Indonesian Demographic Health Survey 2017.

Methods: Design study was cross-sectional and data was obtained from Indonesian Demographic Health Survey 2017. Sample was women childbearing age who gave birth to last child aged 0-5 months, total 1.266 respondents. Data were analysed using logistic regression to determine the prevalence odds ratio. Significant level was assessed by confident interval (CI) 95%.

Results: From 1.266 respondents, the prevalence of postpartum depression was 10.2%, exclusive breastfeeding was 67.1%. The results of the analysis showed that depressed respondents had an odd 0.762 (95% CI 0.506 - 1.148) to not give exclusive breastfeeding after being controlled by early breastfeeding initiation, work status and marital status.

Conclusion: There was no association between postpartum depression with exclusive breastfeeding. But there was a association between other variables with exclusive breastfeeding including variable early breastfeeding initiation, work status and marital status.

Key words: Postpartum depression, exclusive breastfeeding, logistic regression, IDHS, Indonesia"

"Alasan terbanyak ibu berhenti menyusui secara eksklusif adalah ketidakcukupan ASI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Desain penelitian kuantitatif adalah cross-sectional terhadap 60 ibu dengan bayi umur 0-12 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pancoran Mas Kota Depok tahun 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 56,7% ibu memiliki persepsi ketidakcukupan ASI. Variabel yang terbukti berhubungan adalah umur ibu, paritas, dan pekerjaan. Sedangkan hasil wawancara mendalam menunjukkan hampir semua ibu merasa jumlah produksi ASI-nya tidak cukup karena bayinya masih menangis walaupun telah disusui. Setelah dicross-check dengan tanda yang dapat dipercaya, hanya ada sebagian kecil ibu yang berat badan bayinya tidak sesuai dengan rekomendasi Depkes. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk mengoptimalkan promosi ASI eksklusif. Kepada Dinas Kesehatan disarankan untuk memberikan pelatihan dan kegiatan yang dapat mendukung keberhasilan pemberian ASI.

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The reason that most mothers stopped breastfeeding exclusively is insufficiency of breast milk. This is a quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research design is a cross-sectional of 60 mothers with babies aged 0-12 months in the work-area of Puskesmas Pancoran Mas Depok in 2011.

The results showed 56.7% of mothers have the perception of insufficiency of breast milk. Variables that are proven to relate are mother's age, parity, and occupation. Whereas the results of the in-depth interviews shown almost all mothers feel the amount of their production of breast milk is not enough because the baby was crying despite having been breast fed. After cross-checking the believed sign, there is only a small part of the baby's mother experienced no baby weight accordance with the recommendation of Depkes.

The health workers is recommended to optimize the promotion of breast-feeding exclusively. The health service is recommended to provide training and activities that can support the success of the granting of exclusive breast-feeding."

"Banyak faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian sakit pada bayi umur 0 ndash; 6 bulan, salah satunya pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI terhadap riwayat sakit pada bayi umur 0-6 bulan. Sampel sebanyak 5.017 ibu yang memiliki bayi umur 0-6 bulan pada survei klaster Riset Kesehatan Dasar Riskesdas 2013. Analisis menggunakan regresi Cox yang dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi bayi umur 0-6 bulan yang mendapat ASI esklusif sebesar 30,24, prevalensi bayi sakit umur 0-6 bulan sebesar 18,24%, prevalensi bayi sakit pada ibu yang tidak memberikan ASI ekslusif sebesar 19,57, sedangkan prevalensi bayi sakit pada ibu yang memberikan ASI eksklusif sebesar 15,16%. Rasio prevalensi kasar bayi sakit umur 0-6 bulan antara bayi yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif dengan bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif sebesar 1,29 (95% CI 1,13-1,48), dan rasio prevalensi bayi sakit umur 0-6 bulan antara bayi yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif dengan bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif setelah dikontrol variabel pendidikan ibu sebesar 1,29 (95% CI 1,05-1,41). Kesimpulan: Bayi umur 0-6 bulan yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif memiliki risiko sakit sebesar 1,29 kali dibandingkan bayi umur 0-6 bulan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif, setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pendidikan ibu.

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Many factors are associated with illness of infant aged 0-6 months. The objective of this study is to see the association between exclusive breastfeeding and illness of infants aged 0-6 months. Sample of 5.017 infant aged 0-6 months are selected from Basic Health Research in 2013, and analyzed using modified Cox regression model.

Results showed the prevalence of infants who are exclusively breastfed was 30,24%, the prevalence of illness of infants aged 0 6 months was 18,24%, the prevalence of illness among non exclusive breastfeeding infants was 19,57%, the prevalence of illness among exclusive breastfeeding infants was 15,16. Crude prevalence ratio PR of illness among non exclusive breastfeeding compared with PR of illness among exclusive breastfeeding infants was 1,29 (95% CI 1,13 1,48), and PR of illness among non exclusive breastfeeding compared with PR of illness among exclusive breastfeeding infants adjusted by mother's education level was 1,29 (95% CI 1,05 1,41).

Conclusions: Infants aged 0-6 months who are not exclusively breastfed have 1,29 times higher risk of getting illness compared with 0-6 months old who receive exclusive breastfeeding, adjusted by mother's education level."

"Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya persentase ASI eksklusif dan tingginya persentase pemberian MP-ASI dini pada bayi 0-6 bulan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Cipayung. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui prevalensi pemberian MP-ASI dini dan hubungannya dengan kejadian infeksi pada bayi 0-6 bulan di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analitik yang menggali bagaimana dan mengapa kejadian infeksi pada bayi 0-6 bulan dan pemberian MP-ASI dini terjadi. Rancangan penelitian dengan cross sectional.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa prevalensi penyakit infeksi pada bayi 0-6 bulan masih tinggi (48,8%). Prevalensi pemberian MP-ASI dini lebih dari separo bayi sebelum umur 6 bulan, bahkan lebih dari sepertiga bayi telah mendapat MPASI pada umur 0 bulan. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kejadian infeksi adalah pemberian ASI parsial dan status imunisasi bayi, sementara faktor lain tidak bermakna.

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The problems of this research are the low percentage of exclusive breastfeeding and the high percentage of early complementary breastfeeding of infants 0-6 months in workplace of Cipayung Public Health Center. The objective of the research is to identify early complementary breastfeeding prevalency and its relationship with infection accident of infants 0-6 months in the area. This research is analitical research digging how and why the infection accident of infants 0-6 month and early complementary breastfeeding happened. Research was designed by cross sectional study.The result of the research concluded that the infection disease prevalency in infants 0-6 months is still high (48.8%). It also concluded that early complementary breastfeeding prevalency is more than 50% on under 6 months infants, and even more than one-third of the infants have taken early complementary breastfeeding in 0 month. The factors significantly related to the infection accident are partial breastfeeding and infants immunization status, while other factors are ignorable."