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"Background: The maternal mortality rate in indonesia is still quate hight. At The Provincial level, the maternal mortality vary widely. West Java Province is the largest contributir to maternal mortality with the estimed nymber 19.8% of all maternal deaths in Indonesia. While the province of Yogyakarta contribution is relatively small (1.1%). Objective: To compare the provinsion of iron tablets by health workrs and pregnat women compliance consume, in urban slums in West Java Province and Yogyakarta. Methods: This study describes and analyzes object that is obtained from the Riskesdas 2010. Result: based on the characteristics, the majority of mother in the province of Yogyakarta are in middle education level, working as self employed/farmer/fisherman/laborer. Meanwhile, in West java province , most ly just poorly educated and do not have a job. Total ownership of health insurance in the province of Yogyakarta relatively more than in province of West java. Based on the scope of the giving of iron tablets, it appears that most of the mothers in the provingnce of West Java and Yogyakarta get iron tavlets during pregnancy (84.7%). However, this condition is much different when viewed dfrom the precentage of pregnant woman who consumed least 90 tablets of iron tablets. seen that pregnant woman who consumed iron tablets in west Java province only 12.6 percent. By contrast, in the provice of Yogyakarta, the consumption of iron tablets 90 percentage is quite high, reaching 60.0%. Conclusion: Converage giving iron tablets in Both Provinces relatively good. However, the consumption of iron tablets 90 tablets in Yogyakarta Province is relatively better than in West java Province. Recomendations: It is suggested for the provincial government of west Java and other areas for the promotion and extension through various media as well as to the to make a breakhrough, such as pointing person the closest of the pregnant mother for to be a supervisor and motivator for willing consume iron tablets during pragnancy90 tablets."

"BACKGROUND: MCH book is a tool for early detection for vulnerable gravida. Meanwhile, the utilization of MCH book was still low. The target achieved for early detected was 12% out of 20% from 2011 to 2012. Based on SDKI 2012 duka, the average material mortality rate reached 359 per 100.000 live births, increased significatly from the date of SDKI 2007 which reached 228 per 100.000 live births. METHODS: This study was observational with cross sectional design. Both quatitative and qualitative data were collected. Secondary data were collectied by the availability of MCH book, midwives training, supervisions, and complete fulfillment of MCH book. Populations in Puskesmas Kedudung and Puskesmas Geger Bangkalan district. The samples were midwives with more than oneyear working and graduated from DII (diploma). The complete fulfillment of MCH book was identifiedfrom family identity, delivery preparation, gravida medical record, antenatal medical record, postnatal medical record, KMS (Booklet to Infant Nutritional Status Detection), Neonatus medical record, infact medical record, vitamin A Supplementtary. RESULT: The Complete fulfillments were in Puskesmas Geger 0.66 (category: good 0.51-1.00) and Puskesmas Kedundung 0.35 (category: loww 0.00 -0.50). Midwives' Motivations were low (50.0%) and midwives workload were high (66.7 %) at Puskesmas Geger. Midwives were highly motivatied (66.7%) and their workloads are fair. RECOMENDATION: make group of work and allocate the job desscription properly to assist midwives workload. In addition, helth office of bangkalan should give reward to those who so the work excellently."

"Mikronutrien merupakan komponen yang penting dalam makanan dan memiliki peranan yang fundamental dalam mencegah penyakit. Termasuk di dalam kategori mikronutrien adalah elemen besi. Kekurangan unsur besi dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit, termasuk di antaranya adalah anemia defisiensi besi. Pengobatan anemia defisensi besi dilakukan dengan administrasi senyawa besi inorganik seperti ferro sulfat dan ferro fumarat. Akan tetapi bioavailabilitasnya buruk dan efek sampingnya menganggu. Beberapa efek samping yang dapat timbul adalah konstipasi, diare, serta mual. Kompleksasi besi dengan protein diketahui memberikan bioavailabilitas yang lebih baik. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan dibuat kompleks besi (II) proteinat dari bahan pasir besi serta protein ampas kecap. Serbuk protein ampas kecap dibuat dari ampas kecap dengan pengeringan, penggilingan, dan pengayakan. Besi diekstraksi dari pasir besi dengan metode pelarutan asam. Kandungan besi yang terekstraksi ditentukan dengan metode spektrofotometri serapan atom (SSA). Senyawa besi (II) proteinat dibuat dengan tiga perbandingan yang berbeda yakni 10%, 12,5%, dan 15% untuk diketahui kondisi sintesis yang optimum. Penetapan kadar logam terikat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SSA. Produk yang diperoleh diuji dengan uji permeasi in vitro menggunakan sel difusi Franz serta uji peningkatan berat badan pada tikus dengan pembanding besi (II) sulfat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa produk dengan rendemen serta kadar besi yang optimum adalah kompleks besi (II) proteinat 15% dengan rendemen 79,2040% dan kadar besi terikat 13,6395 mg/g. Berdasarkan hasil uji difusi Franz diketahui bahwa tidak ada senyawa besi (II) proteinat 15% yang berpenetrasi hingga akhir percobaan. Berdasarkan hasil uji kenaikan berat badan pada tikus, diketahui bahwa suplementasi besi (II) proteinat 15% dapat meningkatkan berat badan pada hewan uji menunjukkan bioavailabilitas yang baik pada hewan uji.

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Micronutrients are one of the important elements in our diets that have a fundemantal role in prevention of desease’s. Iron element is one of the micronutrients mentioned above. Iron depletion can lead to several desease’s. One of them would be iron deficiency anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia is usually treated by administration of inorganic iron compounds such as ferrous sulfate and ferrous fumarate. It is well known that inorganic iron have terrible bioavaiability an disturbing adverse reactions. Adverse reactions to therapeutic doses of inorganic iron are constipation, diarrhea, and vomitting. It is also known that chelation between iron element and protein offers better bioavaibility of iron to the body. In this study, synthesis of iron proteinate complex would be carried out by the reaction between soy waste protein powder and iron sand. Soy sauce waste protein powder was prepared by heating, milling, and sieving of raw soy sauce waste. Extraction of iron from iron sand is carried out by acidic solution with heating. Amount of iron extracted is determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) assays. iron proteinate compound was made in three comparison namely 10%, 12,5%; and 15%. Amount of iron bound to the product obbtained is analysed by AAS assays. The product obtained is then assayed to Franz penetration test as well as weight test on rats. It is then known that optimum synthesis method of metal-proteinate is obtain from metalproteinate 15%, which shows the highest yield of 79,2040% with 13,63965 mg/g iron bound to the product compound. Based on the result from Franz penetration test, It is known that metal-proteinate 15% failed to penetrate the membrane untill the end of the test. Based on the result from weight gain test it is then known that supplementation of iron-proteinate 15% resulted in weight gain in rats,showing good bioavailability in rats."

"Mikronutrien merupakan komponen yang penting dalam makanan dan memiliki peranan yang fundamental dalam mencegah penyakit. Termasuk di dalam kategori mikronutrien adalah elemen besi. Kekurangan unsur besi dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit, termasuk di antaranya adalah anemia defisiensi besi. Pengobatan anemia defisensi besi dilakukan dengan administrasi senyawa besi inorganik seperti ferro sulfat dan ferro fumarat. Akan tetapi bioavailabilitasnya buruk dan efek sampingnya menganggu. Beberapa efek samping yang dapat timbul adalah konstipasi, diare, serta mual. Kompleksasi besi dengan protein diketahui memberikan bioavailabilitas yang lebih baik. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan dibuat kompleks besi (II) proteinat dari bahan pasir besi serta protein ampas kecap. Serbuk protein ampas kecap dibuat dari ampas kecap dengan pengeringan, penggilingan, dan pengayakan. Besi diekstraksi dari pasir besi dengan metode pelarutan asam. Kandungan besi yang terekstraksi ditentukan dengan metode spektrofotometri serapan atom (SSA). Senyawa besi (II) proteinat dibuat dengan tiga perbandingan yang berbeda yakni 10%, 12,5%, dan 15% untuk diketahui kondisi sintesis yang optimum. Penetapan kadar logam terikat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SSA. Produk yang diperoleh diuji dengan uji permeasi in vitro menggunakan sel difusi Franz serta uji peningkatan berat badan pada tikus dengan pembanding besi (II) sulfat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa produk dengan rendemen serta kadar besi yang optimum adalah kompleks besi (II) proteinat 15% dengan rendemen 79,2040% dan kadar besi terikat 13,6395 mg/g. Berdasarkan hasil uji difusi Franz diketahui bahwa tidak ada senyawa besi (II) proteinat 15% yang berpenetrasi hingga akhir percobaan. Berdasarkan hasil uji kenaikan berat badan pada tikus, diketahui bahwa suplementasi besi (II) proteinat 15% dapat meningkatkan berat badan pada hewan uji menunjukkan bioavailabilitas yang baik pada hewan uji.

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Micronutrients are one of the important elements in our diets that have a fundemantal role in prevention of desease’s. Iron element is one of the micronutrients mentioned above. Iron depletion can lead to several desease’s. One of them would be iron deficiency anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia is usually treated by administration of inorganic iron compounds such as ferrous sulfate and ferrous fumarate. It is well known that inorganic iron have terrible bioavaiability an disturbing adverse reactions. Adverse reactions to therapeutic doses of inorganic iron are constipation, diarrhea, and vomitting. It is also known that chelation between iron element and protein offers better bioavaibility of iron to the body. In this study, synthesis of iron proteinate complex would be carried out by the reaction between soy waste protein powder and iron sand. Soy sauce waste protein powder was prepared by heating, milling, and sieving of raw soy sauce waste. Extraction of iron from iron sand is carried out by acidic solution with heating. Amount of iron extracted is determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) assays. iron proteinate compound was made in three comparison namely 10%, 12,5%; and 15%. Amount of iron bound to the product obbtained is analysed by AAS assays. The product obtained is then assayed to Franz penetration test as well as weight test on rats. It is then known that optimum synthesis method of metal-proteinate is obtain from metalproteinate 15%, which shows the highest yield of 79,2040% with 13,63965 mg/g iron bound to the product compound. Based on the result from Franz penetration test, It is known that metal-proteinate 15% failed to penetrate the membrane untill the end of the test. Based on the result from weight gain test it is then known that supplementation of iron-proteinate 15% resulted in weight gain in rats,showing good bioavailability in rats."

"ABSTRAKDiare masih merupakan penyebab tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian pada anak dinegara berkembang. Tablet zinc terbukti efektif dalam penanganan diare pada balita.Namun kondisi dilapangan penggunaan tablet zinc masih belum sesuai dengan yangdiharapkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungandengan praktik pemberian tablet zinc pada diare balita oleh petugas kesehatan dipuskesmas, dengan faktor Predisposing (Umur, pendidikan, pengetahuan, lama kerja,sikap), faktor enabling (ketersediaan dan kecukupan tablet zinc, pelatihan petugas),faktor reinforcing (peraturan pemerintah tentang pemberian tablet zinc). Penelitian iniadalah jenis penelitian analitik kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian crossectional.Populasi dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah semua tenaga kesehatan yang bertugas dipoli anak/KIA yang bertugas memberikan terapi pada diare balita. Hasil analisismemperlihatkan bahwa petugas kesehatan yang memberikan tablet zinc pada diare balitamasih sangat kecil yaitu 16,9%. Analisis bivariat memperlihatkan variabel pengetahuanpetugas, pelatihan petugas dan ketersediaan tablet zinc merupakan variabel yangmempengaruhi praktik pemberian tablet zinc pada diare balita oleh petugas kesehatan.Analisis multivariat memperlihatkan bahwa variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruhterhadap praktik pemberian tablet zinc pada diare balita oleh petugas kesehatan adalahvariabel pengetahuan petugas (OR adjusted = 48,353) (95% CI = 8,094 ? 288,840)setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pelatihan petugas dan variabel ketersediaan tablet zinc.

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ABSTRACTDiarrhea is still a cause of high morbidity and mortality in children in developingcountries. Zinc tablets tested to be effective in the treatment of diarrhea in under giveyeras old child. However, the condition of using zinc tablet is still not as expected. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the practice of givingzinc tablets under five years old child diarrhea by health workers in health centers, withpredisposing factors (age, education, knowledge, duration of work, attitudes), enablingfactors (availability and adequacy zinc tablets, training of health care worker), reinforcingfactors (government regulations regarding the giving of zinc tablets). This research is aquantitative analytical study with cross-sectional research design. Population and samplesin this study were all health care workers who served in child ward and incharge ofproviding therapy in diarrhea under five years old child. The results show that the healthcare workers who gave the zinc tablet on diarrhea under five years old child is 16.9%.Bivariate analysis showed variable knowledge of health care worker, training of healthcare worker and the availability of zinc tablets are variables that affect the practice ofgiving zinc tablets under five years old child diarrhea by health workers. Multivariateanalysis showed that the most dominant variables related the practice of giving zinctablets under five years old child diarrhea by health care workers is knowledge workers(adjusted OR = 48.353) (95% CI = 8.094 to 288.840) after controlled the variable oftraining of health care worker and availability of zinc tablets."

"Latar belakang: Sindrom nefrotik (SN) idiopatik merupakan penyakit glomerulus dengan proteinuria akibat peningkatan permeabilitas glomerulus. Transferin merupakan salah satu protein yang keluar di urin dan dapat mengganggu homeostasis besi. Keadaan ini dapat menyebabkan defisiensi besi dan anemia defisiensi besi (ADB). Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan status besi, transferin urin, proporsi defisiensi besi dan ADB pada pasien SN idiopatik aktif dan remisi. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada pasien SN idiopatik aktif dan remisi usia 1-18 tahun di RSCM. Pengukuran status besi menggunakan Hb,MCV, MCH, Ret-He, SI, TIBC, ferritin, dan saturasi transferin. Pengukuran transferin urin menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hasil: Terdapat 65 subyek, dengan 32 pasien SN idiopatik aktif dan 33 pasien remisi. Kadar SI antara kelompok aktif dan remisi adalah 60,7±33,5 µg/dL dan 84,6±35,3 µg/dL (p<0,05). Kadar TIBC antara kelompok aktif dan remisi adalah 220±90,7 µg/dL dan 309,4(±47,7) µg/dL (p<0,05). Kadar transferin urin antara kelompok aktif dan remisi adalah 435,3(7,7-478,4) ng/mL dan 23,4 (0-358) ng/mL (p<0,05). Proporsi defisiensi besi dan ADB pada kelompok aktif adalah 7(21,9%) dan 5 (15,6%) subyek, sedangkan pada kelompok remisi adalah 4(12,6%) dan 1(3%) subyek. Perbedaan proporsi tersebut tidak bermakna (p=0,04; RR 2,47; IK95% 0,98-6,23). Kesimpulan: Kelompok SN idiopatik aktif memiliki nilai SI dan TIBC yang rendah serta transferin urin yang tinggi. Proporsi defisiensi besi dan ADB pada kelompok SN idiopatik aktif lebih tinggi walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common glomerular disease in children, which cause increased glomerular permeability resulting in proteinuria. Transferrin is one of the protein that is excreted in the urin, thus disturbing iron homeostasis and may lead to iron deficiency (ID) or iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Objective: To know the differences in iron status, urinary transferrin, and the proportion of ID and IDA in children with active and remission idiopathic NS.

Methods: A cross-sectional design study was conducted on patients with active and remission idiopathic NS aged 1-18 years at RSCM. Measurement of iron status using Hb, MCV, MCH, Ret-He, SI, TIBC, ferritin, and transferrin saturation. Measurement of urinary transferrin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Result: There were 65 study subjects, with 32 patients with active idiopathic NS and 33 subjects were in remission.The SI levels between the active and remission groups were 60.7±33.5 g/dL and 84.6±35.3 g/dL (p<0.05). The TIBC levels between the active and remission groups were 220±90.7 g/dL and 309.4(±47.7) g/dL (p<0.05). The median of urinary transferrin levels between the active and remission groups were 435.3(7.7-478.4) ng/mL and 23.4 (0-358) ng/mL (p<0.05). The proportions of ID and IDA in the active group were 7(21.9%) and 5(15.6%) subjects, while in the remission group were 4(12.6%) and 1(3%) subjects. Nonetheless the difference were not statistically significant (p=0.04; RR 2.47; CI95% 0.98-6.23).

Conclusion. Active idiopathic NS had significant lower values of SI and TIBC, and higher urinary transferrin levels. The proportion of ID and IDA in the active group was higher, although not significant."

"Tablet cepat hancur adalah tablet yang cepat hancur di rongga mulut dalam waktu satu menit. Pemakaian tablet cepat hancur biasanya digunakan pada pasien pedriatri dan geriatri yang sulit menelan obat. Untuk memformulasikan tablet cepat hancur dibutuhkan eksipien superdisintegran. Telah diteliti bahwa kompleks polielektrolit kitosan-xanthan (KPKX) memiliki daya mengembang yang baik sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai superdisintegran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memformulasi tablet cepat hancur menggunakan KPKX sebagai superdisintegran. KPKX dibuat pada pH 4-5 dengan mencampurkan larutan kitosan (1,0% b/v) dan xanthan gum (1,0% b/v) dengan perbandingan 1:1; 3:1; dan 6:1. KPKX ini kemudian dikarakterisasi fisik, kimia, dan fungsional meliputi bentuk dan morfologi partikel, spektrum inframerah dan uji daya mengembang. Serbuk KPKX memiliki permukaan yang kasar dan solid. Spektrum inframerah menunjukkan gugus baru pada bilangan gelombang 1539,25 cm-1 yang memperlihatkan adanya gugus amida hasil reaksi antara gugus –NH3+ dari kitosan dan gugus –COO- dari xanthan gum. Uji daya mengembang KPKX menunjukkan indeks mengembang pada pH 6,8 sebesar 253,31% dalam 2 jam. Setelah itu, KPKX diformulasikan menjadi tablet cepat hancur dengan kadar 5% yang menggunakan zat aktif diltiazem HCl dengan metode kempa langsung. Tablet yang dihasilkan dievaluasi kekerasan, keregasan, waktu hancur, dan waktu pembasahannya. Evaluasi tablet cepat hancur menunjukkan bahwa formula 3 yang mengandung KPKX 6:1 sebagai superdisintegran menghasilkan waktu hancur yang paling singkat, yaitu 44,00 detik dan memiliki kekerasan 4,59 kP serta keregasan 0,71%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa KPKX dapat digunakan sebagai superdisintegran dalam tablet cepat hancur dengan konsentrasi 5%.

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Fast Disintegrating Tablet (FDTs) is a tablet which rapidly disintegrate in the mouth within one minute. This tablets are usually used for pediatric and geriatric patients with difficulty in swallowing medicine. Superdisintegrant excipients are required to formulate FDTs. It has been observed that the chitosan-xanthan polyelectrolyte complexes (CXPC) possess high swelling characteristic, hence it can be applied as a superdisintegrant.

The aim of this study was to formulate FDTs utilizing CXPC as the superdisintegrant. CXPC was prepared on pH 4-5 by mixing chitosan solution (1.0% w/v) and xanthan gum (1.0% w/v) in ratio 1:1, 3:1, and 6:1. The physical, chemical, and functional properties of CXPC were characterized, includes its morphology, infrared spectrum, and swelling index.

CXPC powder has a rough surface. The spectrum infrared showed a new shift at 1539.25 cm-1, indicating amide group as result of the reaction between -NH3+ group of chitosan and -COO- groups of xanthan gum.

The swelling studies of CXPC showed 253.31% weight increase in medium pH 6.8 at within 2 hours. CXPC was then utilized as superdisintegrant in FDTs with 5% CXPC, using diltiazem HCl as an active substance by direct compression method. FDTs were evaluated, includes its hardness, friability, disintegration time, and wetting time.

Evaluation of FDTs showed that formula 3 containing KPKX 6:1 as superdisintegrant produce the fastest disintegration time (44.00 seconds), hardness of 4.59 kP, and friability 0.71%. Based on the results, CXPC can be used as a superdisintegrant excipients with the concentration 5% in the formula of fast disintegrating tablets."

"Tablet Cepat Hancur (TCH) adalah sediaan tablet yang didesain untuk segera hancur di rongga mulut tanpa bantuan air maupun dikunyah sehingga dibutuhkan eksipien yang mudah hancur atau larut dengan adanya air. Saat ini, TCH dibuat dengan menggunakan superdisintegran dari bahan-bahan impor. Padahal banyak eksipien yang terdapat di Indonesia yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah maltodekstrin DE 10-15. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan maltodekstrin suksinat (MDS) dari maltodekstrin DE 10-15 dan mengetahui karakteristiknya sebagai eksipien penghancur yang digunakan dalam formula TCH. MDS merupakan maltodekstrin DE 10-15 yang termodifikasi melalui proses suksinilasi dengan asam suksinat anhidrida dalam medium berair. MDS kemudian dikarakterisasi dan diformulasi menjadi lima formula TCH dengan verapamil HCl sebagai model obat. TCH yang dibuat melalui metode granulasi kering kemudian dievaluasi. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan MDS memiliki derajat subtitusi sebesar 0,1772, kelarutan sebesar 1:21 bagian dalam akuades, dan mampu mengembang dua kali lebih baik dibandingkan maltodekstrin DE 10-15. Hasil evaluasi TCH menunjukkan bahwa formula 3 yang dibuat dengan menggunakan MDS sebagai eksipien penghancur pada konsentrasi 15% memiliki kriteria yang baik sebagai tablet cepat hancur. Formula 3 memiliki kekerasan 3,71 Kp, keregasan 0,98%, waktu hancur in vitro 71,2 detik, waktu pembasahan 37,2 detik, dan verapamil HCl terdisolusi sebesar 96,91% dalam waktu 10 menit. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa MDS sangat potensial untuk digunakan sebagai eksipien penghancur pada TCH.

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Fast Disintegration Tablet (FDT) are tablet dosage forms which disintegrate in the patient’s mouth rapidly without water needed or chewed, so FDT’s need an excipient that easily disintegrated or soluble with the presence of water. Nowadays, FDT was made of superdisintegrant from import commodities. Besides there were many excipients in Indonesia that have potential to be developed, one of those was maltodextrin DE 10-15.

The aim of this research was to produce maltodextrin succinate (MDS) from maltodextrin DE 10-15 and find out its characteristics as tablet disintegrant to be applied in FDT’s formulas. MDS are maltodextrin DE 10-15 that has been through modification by succinylation using succinic anhydride in aqueous medium. MDS was characterized and then formulated into five FDT’s formulas using verapamil HCL as drug model. FDT that has been produced by dry granulation method was evaluated.

The results showed that MDS has 0.1772 degree of substitution, solubility was 1:21 portion in aquadest, and capable to swell two times better than maltodextrin DE 10-15. The results from FDT’s evaluation shows that formula 3 that has been produced using MDS as tablet disintegrant at 15% of concentration had the best characteristics as FDT. Formula 3 exhibited 3.71 Kp of hardness, 0.98% of friability, 71.2 seconds of in vitro disintegration time, 37.2 seconds of wetting time, and 96.91% verapamil HCl dissoluted in 10 minutes. This results shows that MDS was very potential to be used as disintegrant in FDT."

"Superdisintegran merupakan eksipien yang ditambahkan untuk membantu pecahnya tablet. Partikel obat yang telah terdisintegrasi akan terdisolusi. Disolusi merupakan proses dimana bahan obat menjadi terlarut pada medium pelarut. Sebelum dipasarkan, sebuah obat baru harus melakukan uji disolusi terbanding untuk melihat kemiripan profil disolusi dengan tablet inovator. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan melihat pengaruh superdisintegran dalam tablet terhadap laju disolusinya serta melakukan uji disolusi terbanding terhadap tablet inovator. Pada penelitian ini tablet dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah. Pengujian disolusi dilakukan menggunakan alat tipe 2 dengan medium dapar fosfat pH 5,8 dengan volume 900ml pada suhu 37 ± 0,5°C dengan kecepatan pengadukan 50 rpm dan sampel diambil pada menit ke 60. Sedangkan pengujian disolusi terbanding menggunakan alat tipe 2, dengan 3 medium yaitu pH 1,2; pH 4,5; dan pH 6,8 dengan volume 900 ml pada suhu 37 ± 0,5°C dengan kecepatan pengadukan 50 rpm. Sampel diambil pada waktu 10, 15, 30, 45, dan 60 menit. Perbandingan profil disolusi dihitung menggunakan parameter different factor (f1) dan similarity factor (f2). Hasil pelepasan obat F1, F2, dan F3 berturut-turut adalah 101,70±4,12%; 102,81±3,64%; dan 105,04±2,46%. Nilai f2 dan f1 pada pH 1,2 pada F1, F2, dan F3 berturut-turut adalah 28,32% dan 32,67%; 36,99% dan 17,05%; 39,36% dan 16,80%. Nilai f1 dan f2 pada pH 4,5 pada F1, F2, dan F3 berturut-turut adalah 46,03% dan 12,37%; 50,87% dan 10,42%; 47,17% dan 12,16%. Nilai f1 dan f2 pada pH 6,8 pada F1, F2, dan F3 berturut-turut adalah 58,96% dan 5,27%; 67,02% dan 3,65%; 77,42% dan 2,01%. Pada uji disolusi, F3 mempunyai pelepasan obat yang paling besar disusul F2, dan F1. Dan dari ketiga formula tersebut dinyatakan bahwa ketiganya tidak mempunyai profil disolusi yang mirip dengan tablet inovator.

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Superdisintegrant are excipient which added to help disintegrated tablet. Drug particles that have disintegrated will be dissolved. Dissolution is a process a drug substance will be dissolved in the solvent medium. A new drug must fullfill a dissolutin comparison test to see the similarities of profile dissolution with innovator tablet.

The purpose of this research was to investigat the effect of addition of superdisintegrant to the dissolution rate and do dissolution test comparison using parameters f1 and f2. In this research, tablets were made by wet granulation method.

The dissolution test were performed using apparatus type 2, in pH 5,8 buffer phosphate, using 900 ml of dissolution medium at a temperatur 37 ± 0,5°C and a agitation rate of 50 rpm and sample was taken at 60 minutes. While the dissolution comparison tester were performed using apparatus type 2, with 3 medium, which is pH 1,2 buffer HCl, pH 4,5 buffer sitrat, and pH 6,8 buffer phosphate, employing 900 ml of dissolution medium at a temperatur 37 ± 0,5°C and a agitation rate of 50 rpm and samples were taken at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes.

Comparison between dissolution profiles were calculated using difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2). The result of drug release of F1, F2, and F3 was 101,70±4,12%; 102,81±3,64%; and 105,04±2,46%. The values of f1 and f2 from F1, F2, F3 in pH 1,2 respectively are 28,32% and 32,67%; 36,99% and 17,05%; 39,36% and 16,80%. The values of f1 and f2 from F1, F2, F3 in pH 4,5 respectively are 46,03% and 12,37%; 50,87% and 10,42%; 47,17% and 12,16%. The values of f1 and f2 from F1, F2, F3 in pH 6,8 respectively are 58,96% and 5,27%; 67,02% and 3,65%; 77,42% and 2,01%. In dissolution test, F3 has the greatest drug release, followed by F2 and F1. The result showed that there were no formula which have similar dissolution profile with innovator tablet."

"Tablet salut enterik merupakan tablet salut yang menggunakan eksipien yang tidak larut dalam asam tapi larut dalam basa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempreparasi protein kedelai dengan ftalat dan suksinat yang diaplikasikan sebagai bahan penyalut enterik, dengan model obat asetosal. Protein kedelai (PK) disubtitusi dengan ftalat anhidrida sebanyak 200% dan suksinat anhidrida sebanyak 250% dalam suasana basa. PKFtS memiliki derajat subtitusi ftalat sebesar 11,59 ±0,50 dan suksinat sebesar 68,85 ±0,38. Daya mengembang PK pada HCl pH 1,2 yaitu sebesar 160,91 ± 0,64 % dan daya mengembang PKFtS yaitu sebesar 113,81 ± 0,67 %. Daya larut pada PK, PKFt, dan PKFtS tidak memiliki perbedaan yang begitu berarti. Evaluasi tablet enterik memiliki penampilan umum berupa tablet bikonfeks berwarna coklat dengan kenaikan bobot sebesar 2,24% pada F1, coklat kekuningan dengan kenaikan bobot sebesar 2,02% pada F2 dan putih dengan kenaikan bobot sebesar 1,40% pada F3. Evaluasi pelepasan obat pada F1, F2, dan F3 tidak memenuhi persyaratan tablet enterik selama dua jam pada HCl 1,2 yaitu masing - masing sebesar 98,87 ± 0,65 %, 92,40 ± 0,90 %, dan 95,98 ± 3,44 %. Pada evaluasi waktu hancur yang dibandingkan dengan tablet inti, tablet salut memiliki waktu hancur yang sedikit lebih lama. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa PKFtS masih belum dapat digunakan sebagai eksipien tablet enterik.

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Enteric coated tablet is a coated tablet consist of an excipient that is insoluble in acid but soluble in alkaline. This research purpose is to prepare the soybean protein with phthalate and succinate which applied for enteric tablet excipient, with aspirin as a drug model. Soybean protein is subtitued with 200% anhidride phthalate and 250% anhidride succinate with base condition. PKFtS have a subtitution degree of phtalate is 11,594 ±0,499 and succinate is 68,851 ±0,376. Swelling index of PK on HCl pH 1,2 is 160,91 ± 0,64 % and swelling index of PKFtS is 113,81 ± 0,67 %. Solubility of PK, PKFt, dan PKFtS did not have significant different. Evaluation of enteric tablet has the general appearance bikonfeks brown tablets with the increase in weight of 2.24% in F1, yellowish brown with the increase in weight of 2.02% in F2 and white with the increase in weight of 1,40% in F3. Drug release test of F1, F2, and F3 did not fullfil enteric tablet requirement for 2 hours on HCl pH 1,2 is each 98,87 ± 0,65 %, 92,40 ± 0,90 %, and 95,98 ± 3,44 %. The disintegration test of coated tablet was compared with core tablet. These tablet have longer disintegration time from the core tablet. It can be concluded that PKFtS can not be used yet as an enteric tablet exicipient."