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"[Latar belakang. Epilepsi lobus temporal (ELT) merupakan sindrom epilepsi paling banyak ditemukan pada orang dewasa, dimana sebanyak 2/3 berasal dari lobus temporal mesial. Penyebab umum yang sering ditemukan adalah sklerosis hippokampus (SH) dan kelainan ini seringkali refrakter terhadap pengobatan. Dengan anamnesis semiologi bangkitan epileptik yang baik dapat membantu mengetahui letak lesi dan bermanfaat untuk evaluasi persiapan bedah epilepsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara semiologi bangkitan epileptik yang diperoleh melalui anamnesis dengan sisi lesi pada pasien ELT mesial-SH.Metode. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang pada pasien ELT mesial-SH di Poliklinik Epilepsi RSCM. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien ELT mesial-SH yang menunjukkan lokasi yang sama antara aktivitas epileptiform interiktal pada elektroensefalografi (EEG) dan letak SH pada magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dilakukan anamnesis pada pasien dan keluarga, mengenai bentuk bangkitan epileptik, kemudian dinilai kesesuaian antara semiologi dan sisi lesi.Hasil. Didapatkan 45 subjek ELT mesial-SH yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 26 (57,8%) subjek dengan sisi lesi kanan dan 19 (42,2%) subjek sisi lesi kiri. Gambaran semiologi secara umum adalah aura sakit kepala (62,2%), automatisme manual (62,2%), automatisme oral (57,8%), perputaran kepala akhir (48,9%), dystonic posture (48,9%), aura epigastrium (42,2%), perputaran kepala awal (33,3%), dan aura rasa takut (26,7%). Terdapat empat gambaran motorik yang sesuai lateralisasi semiologi bangkitan epileptik. Automatisme manual dan perputaran kepala awal menunjukkan ipsilateral sisi lesi, sedangkan perputaran kepala akhir dan dystonic posture menunjukkan kontralateral sisi lesi.Kesimpulan. Terdapat kesesuaian antara semiologi bangkitan epileptik berupa automatisme manual, perputaran kepala awal, perputaran kepala awal, dan dystonic posture dengan sisi lesi. Sehingga penting untuk menanyakan 4 gambaran klinis tersebut pada saat anamnesis bangkitan epileptik.;Background. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common epilepsy syndrome in adults which 2/3 originates from mesial temporal lobe. The most common etiology is hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and becoming drug resistant. Detail anamnesis on seizure semiology helps to know side of epileptogenic foci and evaluate pre epilepsy surgery. The objective of this study is to determine the concordance between seizure semiology based on anamnesis and side of lesion in mTLE-HS.Methods. This was a cross sectional study involving patients with mTLE-HS in Epilepsy Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Inclusion criterias were patients with mTLE-HS who have same side of interictal epileptiform activity based on electroencephalography (EEG) and HS based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Anamnesis were taken from patient and family member on seizure semiology. Then, concordance between semiology and side of lesion was analyzed.Results. There were 45 eligible subjects of mTLE-HS patients. There were 26 (57.8%) subjects with left side lesions and 19 (42.2%) subjects were right side lesions. Semiology features commonly found are sefalic aura (62.2%), manual automatism (62.2%), oral automatism (57.8%), late head turning (48.9%), dystonic posture (48.9%), epigastric aura (42.2%), early head turning (33.3%), and fear aura (26.7%). Four clinical motoric features have concordance in seizure semiology lateralization. Manual automatism and early head turning showed ipsilateral with side of lesion, whereas late head turning and dystonic posture showed contralateral side of lesion.Conclusion. We found concordance between seizure semiology features of manual automatism, early head turning, late head turning and dystonic posture with side of lesion. Therefore, it was important to ask these features on anamnesis of seizure semiology., Background. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common epilepsy syndrome in adults which 2/3 originates from mesial temporal lobe. The most common etiology is hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and becoming drug resistant. Detail anamnesis on seizure semiology helps to know side of epileptogenic foci and evaluate pre epilepsy surgery. The objective of this study is to determine the concordance between seizure semiology based on anamnesis and side of lesion in mTLE-HS.Methods. This was a cross sectional study involving patients with mTLE-HS in Epilepsy Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Inclusion criterias were patients with mTLE-HS who have same side of interictal epileptiform activity based on electroencephalography (EEG) and HS based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Anamnesis were taken from patient and family member on seizure semiology. Then, concordance between semiology and side of lesion was analyzed.Results. There were 45 eligible subjects of mTLE-HS patients. There were 26 (57.8%) subjects with left side lesions and 19 (42.2%) subjects were right side lesions. Semiology features commonly found are sefalic aura (62.2%), manual automatism (62.2%), oral automatism (57.8%), late head turning (48.9%), dystonic posture (48.9%), epigastric aura (42.2%), early head turning (33.3%), and fear aura (26.7%). Four clinical motoric features have concordance in seizure semiology lateralization. Manual automatism and early head turning showed ipsilateral with side of lesion, whereas late head turning and dystonic posture showed contralateral side of lesion.Conclusion. We found concordance between seizure semiology features of manual automatism, early head turning, late head turning and dystonic posture with side of lesion. Therefore, it was important to ask these features on anamnesis of seizure semiology.]"

"[ABSTRAKTujuan: Studi ini merupakan studi MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) untuk menilai hubungan asimetrisitas volume, hiperintensitas T2WI FLAIR dan nilai ADC hippokampus hubungannya dengan lateralisasi kejang. Pemeriksaan MRI sekuens rutin ditambah prosedur khusus pemeriksaan hipokampus yaitu sekuens T2WI Inversion Recovery dan T2WI Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) dapat menilai volume hipokampus. Sekuens DWI (Diffusion Weighted Image) dan ADC (Appearent Difusion Coeffesient) merupakan pemeriksaan kuantitatif.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder MRI kepala pasien dengan diagnosis epilepsi lobus temporal mesial. Dilakukan pengukuran volume pada potongan koronal sejajar sumbu hippokampus, mulai dari terlihat kepala hippokampus sebanyak 5 irisan. Melihat gambaran hiperintensitas T2WI FLAIR serta mengukur nilai ADC hippokampus dilakukan dengan meletakan ROI pada potongan aksial hippokampus terbesar pada ADC map. Analisis data dilakukan untuk menghitung nilai R Kappa hubungan masing masing variabel dan gabungan variabel.Hasil: Jumlah subyek penelitian 54 orang, terdapat hubungan asosiasi yang cukup kuat (sedang) dan ipsilateral antara hiperintensitas T2WI FLAIR dan asimetrisitas volume dengan lateralisasi kejang dengan R Kappa sama sebesar + 0.52. Hubungan asosiasi yang lemah dan bersifat ipsi lateral dengan R Kappa + 0.37 antara nilai ADC dengan lateralisasi kejang. Hubungan asosiasi antara asimetrisitas volume dan asimetrisitas nilai ADC adalah kontralateral dengan hubungan asosiasi cukup kuat (sedang). Penentuan lateralisasi lesi dengan MRI pada masing masing variabel memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas cukup tinggi. Hubungan asosiasi gabungan 2 dan 3 variabel adalah cukup kuat (sedang) dan bersifat ipsilateral, dengan nilai R Kappa, sensitifitas dan spesifisitanya yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hubungan masing masing variabel.Kesimpulan: MRI memiliki peranan penting menentukan lateralisasi kejang. Menilai hubungan dari gabungan 2 dan 3 variabel didapatkan secara statistik lebih besar hubungannya dengan lateralisasi kejang dibandingkan dengan menghubungkan masing masing variabel secara terpisah, sehingga penilaian MRI yang dilakukan untuk ke 3 variabel ini akan lebih menguatkan diagnosis sisi hipokampus yang mengalami kelainan.

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ABSTRACTObjective: This study is MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) to assess the relationship asymmetry volume, T2WI FLAIR hyperintensity and hippocampal ADC values its relationship with the lateralization of seizures. Routine MRI examination sequences plus a special procedure that hippocampal examination Inversion Recovery sequence T2WI and T2WI Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery ( FLAIR ) can assess hippocampal volume. Sequences DWI ( Diffusion Weighted Image ) and ADC ( Appearent Diffusion Coeffesient ) is a quantitative examination.Methods: A cross-sectional study using secondary data MRI diagnosis of the patient's head with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Volume measurements performed on coronal slice axis parallel to the hippocampus, ranging from the visible head of the hippocampus as much as 5 slices. See picture T2WI FLAIR hyperintensity and measuring the ADC value hippocampus done by placing the ROI on axial cuts at the largest hippocampal ADC map. Data analysis was performed to calculate the value of R Kappa relationship each and combined variable.Results: There is a fairly strong association relationship (medium) and ipsilateral between T2WI FLAIR hyperintensity volume and asymmetry with lateralization of seizures with R Kappa equal to + 0.52. A weak association relationship and are IPSI lateral with R Kappa + 0.37 between the ADC values with lateralization of seizures. Association relationship between volume and asymmetry value asymmetry ADC is contralateral to the association relationship is strong enough (medium). Determination of lateralization of lesions by MRI in each variable has a fairly high sensitivity and specificity. The combined association relationship 2 and 3 variables are strong enough (medium) and ipsilateral, with a value of R Kappa, sensitivity and spesifisitanya higher than the correlation of each variable.Conclusion: MRI has an important role determining the lateralization of seizures. Assess the relationship of the combined second and third variables are statistically bigger obtained conjunction with lateralization of seizures compared to connecting each variable separately, so the MRI assessment carried out for 3 to this variable will further strengthen the diagnosis of hippocampal abnormalities., Objective: This study is MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) to assess the relationship asymmetry volume, T2WI FLAIR hyperintensity and hippocampal ADC values its relationship with the lateralization of seizures. Routine MRI examination sequences plus a special procedure that hippocampal examination Inversion Recovery sequence T2WI and T2WI Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery ( FLAIR ) can assess hippocampal volume. Sequences DWI ( Diffusion Weighted Image ) and ADC ( Appearent Diffusion Coeffesient ) is a quantitative examination.Methods: A cross-sectional study using secondary data MRI diagnosis of the patient's head with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Volume measurements performed on coronal slice axis parallel to the hippocampus, ranging from the visible head of the hippocampus as much as 5 slices. See picture T2WI FLAIR hyperintensity and measuring the ADC value hippocampus done by placing the ROI on axial cuts at the largest hippocampal ADC map. Data analysis was performed to calculate the value of R Kappa relationship each and combined variable.Results: There is a fairly strong association relationship (medium) and ipsilateral between T2WI FLAIR hyperintensity volume and asymmetry with lateralization of seizures with R Kappa equal to + 0.52. A weak association relationship and are IPSI lateral with R Kappa + 0.37 between the ADC values with lateralization of seizures. Association relationship between volume and asymmetry value asymmetry ADC is contralateral to the association relationship is strong enough (medium). Determination of lateralization of lesions by MRI in each variable has a fairly high sensitivity and specificity. The combined association relationship 2 and 3 variables are strong enough (medium) and ipsilateral, with a value of R Kappa, sensitivity and spesifisitanya higher than the correlation of each variable.Conclusion: MRI has an important role determining the lateralization of seizures. Assess the relationship of the combined second and third variables are statistically bigger obtained conjunction with lateralization of seizures compared to connecting each variable separately, so the MRI assessment carried out for 3 to this variable will further strengthen the diagnosis of hippocampal abnormalities.]"

"ABSTRAKKejang pada neonatus merupakan gejala yang paling sering ditemukan dari gangguan neurologis pada periode neonatus. Kejang pada neonatus dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari etiologi yang beragam dan ini sering menandakan adanya kerusakan atau malfungsi dari sistem saraf pusat yang belum berkembang sempurna. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil dan luaran kejang pada neonatus serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Studi retrospektif dari data sekunder rekam medis Unit Perinatologi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada periode Januari 2015 sampai Juni 2019. Semua neonatus di RSCM dengan usia kronologis ≤ 28 hari pada neonatus aterm atau ≤ 44 minggu sejak konsepsi pada neonatus prematur, dengan riwayat kejang atau mengalami kejang minimal satu kali selama perawatan, diikutkan dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dieksklusi bila terdapat kecurigaan kelainan bawaan dan rekam medis tidak lengkap. Pencatatan terhadap subjek meliputi riwayat antenatal, gejala klinis, hasil EEG dan neuroimaging, serta luaran. Studi dilakukan terhadap 108 subjek dan didapatkan jenis kelamin lelaki sebesar 59,3%, usia gestasi aterm sebesar 55,6%, serta berat lahir normal sebesar 52,8%. Kematian terjadi pada 38 (35,2%) subjek. Insidens kejang pada neonatus di Unit Perinatologi RSCM sebesar 3,3%. Karakteristik neonatus yang mengalami kejang adalah jenis kelamin lelaki, aterm, persalinan dengan bedah kaisar, riwayat resusitasi aktif, dan respons dengan pemberian obat anti kejang tunggal. Luaran meninggal pada penelitian ini sebesar 35,2% dengan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya yaitu usia gestasi, berat lahir, frekuensi kejang, dan penyakit penyerta sepsis.

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ABSTRACTNeonatal seizures are the most common manifestation of neurological disorders in the newborn period. Neonatal seizures may arise as a result of diverse etiologies and these events frequently signify serious damage or malfunction of the immature developing central nervous system. The study is aimed to determine neonatal seizures profile and factors that influence its outcome. This was a retrospective cohort study from secondary medical record data at Neonatology Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (CMGH) between January 2015-Juni 2019. All neonates in CMGH with a chronological age of ≤ 28 days in a term infant or ≤ 44 weeks from conception in a preterm infant, with seizure or history of seizure were included in the study. Subjects were excluded if they were suspected of having congenital disorders or incomplete medical records. Data collected from the subjects include antenatal history, clinical symptoms, EEG findings, neuroimaging results, and outcome at discharge. A total of 108 subjects were included in the study and among neonates with seizures, 59,3% were male, 55,6% were born term, and 52,8 % had normal birth weight. Death occurred in 38 cases (35,2%). Incidens of neonatal seizure in Neonatology Unit of CMGH was 3,3%. Neonates who developed seizure characterized by male gender, term birth, delivered by section cesarean, history of active resuscitation, and respons to single antiepileptic drug. The mortality rate in this study was 35,2% with gestational age, birth weight, frequency of seizure, and sepsis being the factors that influence the outcome."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai keadaan yang sangat perlu dan mendesak sebagai dasar dalam melakukan tindakan penggeledahan dan penyitaan.Tujuan penelitian tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui batasan keadaan yang sangat perlu dan mendesak kemudian dikaitkan dengan fungsi kontrol dari Ketua Pengadilan Negeri terhadap tindakan penyidik ketika melakukan tindakan penggeledahan dan penyitaan serta upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh tersangka atau pihak lain yang merasa dirugikan akibat tindakan penggeledahan dan penyitaan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan fakta bahwa batasan keadaan yang sangat perlu dan mendesak dalam melakukan tindakan penggeledahan dan penyitaan adalah selain dikhawatirkan tersangka akan melarikan diri, atau mengulangi tindak pidana atau benda yang dapat disita dikhawatirkan akan dimusnahkan atau dipindahkan juga terdapat penilaian subyektif dari penyidik sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya diperlukan mekanisme pengawasan vertical (built in control) dan pengawasan horizontal. Bahkan, jika dalam pelaksanaan tindakan penggeledahan dan penyitaan itu menimbulkan kerugian bagi tersangka maupun pihak lain maka upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah ganti rugi. Namun terhadap upaya ganti rugi tersebut harus terlebih dahulu dinyatakan bahwa tindakan penggeledahan dan penyitaan adalah tidak sah tetapi upaya untuk itu tidak dimungkinkan karena pemeriksaan sah atau tidaknya tindakan penggeledahan dan penyitaan tidak termasuk lingkup pemeriksaan praperadilan. Oleh karena itu dalam rangka upaya pembaharuan hukum acara pidana nasional melalui rancangan Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana(RKUHAP) tahun 2012 perlu pengaturan mengenai batasan keadaan yang sangat perlu dan mendesak secara objektif, selektif dan limitatif.

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This thesis discusses concerning the situationwhich are necessary and urgent as the basis for search and seizure action. The purpose of this research is toascertain the frameworkofsituation that are necessary and urgent then to be linked withfunction of control from magistrate judge against the investigator whencarry out the actionof search and seizure,moreover any legal efforts that can be done by the suspect or other partieswho are disadvantaged by the search and seizure actions. The research is done using a judicial normative method. The results of this research is obtaining the fact that theframework of situation which is necessary and urgent when carry out the action of search and seizure is besidesthe worries that the suspect willrun away or repeat doing an injustice or the objectsthat are being seizure will be destroyedor diverted also the subjective valuation of the investigator so that performance required any mechanism controll either vertical nor horizontal. Moreover, if the search and seizure action generates deprivation toward the suspect or other parties then the effort that can be done are through indemnify. Nevertheless the effort through indemnify, shall undergo a process which stated that the search and seizure is illegal in advance yet this process is impossible because the examination of the legality of any search and seizure is not in the scope of the pretrial. For that reason, the effort to renew criminal procedural law through its future replacement with Draft of Criminal Procedural Law Year 2012 need to be regulated the situation which is necessary and urgent become objective, selective and limitedly."

"Kejang demam, riwayat keluarga dan pencitraan merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi klasifikasi epilepsi berdasarkan ILAE 1989. Penentuan jenis klasifikasi berguna untuk penatalaksanaan pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data rekam medis tahun 1995-2010 Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSCM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Data diolah dengan multivariat regresi logistik. Dari hasil penelitian ini, didapat sampel sebanyak 99 orang dengan rincian laki-laki 53,4%, perempuan 46,5%. Pasien terbanyak pada kelompok umur 0-2 tahun 12 bulan (37,4%). Terdapat kebermaknaan yang signifikan pada hubungan antara pencitraan dengan klasifikasi epilepsi (p < 0,001). Tidak terdapat kebermaknaan yang signifikan terhadap hubungan antara riwayat epilepsi keluarga (p = 0,393) dan riwayat kejang demam ( p = 0,161) dengan klasifikasi epilepsi. Pencitraan merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh paling besar (OR = 16,725) terhadap penentuan jenis klasifikasi epilepsi bila dibandingkan dengan riwayat epilepsi keluarga dan riwayat kejang demam.

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Febrile seizure, family history, and imaging are factors that determine the classification of epilepsy based on ILAE 1989. The classification is important to patient's treatment.This study used medical record from Pediatric Department of RSCM in 1995-2010. This study is a cross-sectional analytic. The data was proceed with multivariate logistic regression. There are 99 sample, 53.4% are male and 46.5% female. The most distribution of patient's age is in 0-3 years (37.4%). There is significant results in correlation between imaging with epilepsy classification (p<0.001) and there are less significant results between family history (p=0.393) and febrile seizure (p=0.161) with epilepsy classification. Imaging is the most powerful factor (OR = 16.725) that contribute to determine classification of epilepsy compared to family history and febrile seizure."

"[ABSTRAK Latar belakang Long QT syndrome LQTS adalah gangguan irama jantung bergejala kejang yang harus dikenali sejak dini karena dapat menyebabkan kematian mendadak Tujuan Mengetahui angka kejadian LQTS pada pasien dengan keluhan kejang serta karakteristiknya Metode Studi potong lintang terhadap anak yang pernah mengalami kejang tanpa provokasi di poliklinik neurologi anak RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Subyek berusia 6 bulan hingga 17 tahun Panjang QT interval diukur menggunakan EKG dan dinilai menggunakan metode Bazzet Hasil Seratus empat puluh enam pasien kejang mengikuti penelitian ini Usia subyek jenis kelamin serta jenis kejang memiliki sebaran cukup merata Pada penelitian ini didapatkan kelainan penyerta kejang seperti tuli sensorineural autisme keterlambatan perkembangan menyeluruh disabilitas intelektual dan sindroma Rett Sebanyak 20 6 mengalami epilepsi intraktabel Tidak ditemukan subyek dengan pencetus kejang aktivitas fisik dan stres emosional dan hanya 2 7 memiliki riwayat keluarga meninggal mendadak Hasil penilaian QTc pada seluruh subyek di bawah 0 44 detik Nilai QTc terpendek adalah 0 333 detik dan nilai QTc terpanjang adalah 0 437 Nilai tersebut masih dalam rentang normal QTc pada anak Simpulan Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan pemanjangan QTc baik pada penderita kejang umum maupun fokal ABSTRACT Background Long QT syndrome LQTS is a heart rhythm disorder with symptom of seizures that should be identified early because it can cause sudden death Aim Knowing the prevalence of LQTS in patients with symptom of seizures and characteristics Method A cross sectional study of children who have experienced an unprovoked seizure in child neurology clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Subjects aged 6 months to 17 years QT interval was measured by ECG and assessed with Bazzet rsquo s formula Results One hundred and forty six patients with seizures were followed in this study The age sex and seizure rsquo s type of subject distributed evenly In this study we found some disorder along with seizure such as sensorineural deafness autism global developmental delay intellectual disability and Rett syndrome A total of 20 6 had intractable epilepsy We didn rsquo t find subject with physical activity and emotional stress as the trigger of seizure and only 2 7 had a family history of sudden death QTc assessment results in all subjects were under 0 44 seconds The shortest QTc values was 0 333 seconds and the longest QTc value was 0 437 seconds This value is still within the normal range QTc in children Conclusion In this study we concluded that we found no QTc prolongation in patients with seizures ; Background Long QT syndrome LQTS is a heart rhythm disorder with symptom of seizures that should be identified early because it can cause sudden death Aim Knowing the prevalence of LQTS in patients with symptom of seizures and characteristics Method A cross sectional study of children who have experienced an unprovoked seizure in child neurology clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Subjects aged 6 months to 17 years QT interval was measured by ECG and assessed with Bazzet rsquo s formula Results One hundred and forty six patients with seizures were followed in this study The age sex and seizure rsquo s type of subject distributed evenly In this study we found some disorder along with seizure such as sensorineural deafness autism global developmental delay intellectual disability and Rett syndrome A total of 20 6 had intractable epilepsy We didn rsquo t find subject with physical activity and emotional stress as the trigger of seizure and only 2 7 had a family history of sudden death QTc assessment results in all subjects were under 0 44 seconds The shortest QTc values was 0 333 seconds and the longest QTc value was 0 437 seconds This value is still within the normal range QTc in children Conclusion In this study we concluded that we found no QTc prolongation in patients with seizures , Background Long QT syndrome LQTS is a heart rhythm disorder with symptom of seizures that should be identified early because it can cause sudden death Aim Knowing the prevalence of LQTS in patients with symptom of seizures and characteristics Method A cross sectional study of children who have experienced an unprovoked seizure in child neurology clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Subjects aged 6 months to 17 years QT interval was measured by ECG and assessed with Bazzet rsquo s formula Results One hundred and forty six patients with seizures were followed in this study The age sex and seizure rsquo s type of subject distributed evenly In this study we found some disorder along with seizure such as sensorineural deafness autism global developmental delay intellectual disability and Rett syndrome A total of 20 6 had intractable epilepsy We didn rsquo t find subject with physical activity and emotional stress as the trigger of seizure and only 2 7 had a family history of sudden death QTc assessment results in all subjects were under 0 44 seconds The shortest QTc values was 0 333 seconds and the longest QTc value was 0 437 seconds This value is still within the normal range QTc in children Conclusion In this study we concluded that we found no QTc prolongation in patients with seizures ]"