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"Penelitian mengenai kajian keragaman genetik, aspek pertumbuhan dan reproduksi udang mantis di perairan Teluk Banten Serang Propinsi Banten sebagai upaya konservasi dalam pengelolaan sumber daya udang mantis, khususnya Harpiosquilla raphidea telah dilakukan dari bulan Desember 2011 sampai dengan September 2013. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mengetahui aspekaspek biologi populasi (keragaman genetik, aspek pertumbuhan dan reproduksi). Penelitian dilakukan mengunakan metode survei dan purposive sampling. Lokasi pengambilan sampel udang mantis Harpiosquilla raphidea di perairan Teluk Banten (Provinsi Banten). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman morfologi udang mantis (H. raphidea) yang terekspresi dari perbedaan karakter ukuran tubuh, dari 22 karakter morfologi 20 karakter morfologi berbeda sangat nyata sedangkan 2 karakter lainnya tidak berbeda nyata yaitu lebar abdomen ruas kelima (ASL) dan ruas keenam (ASN). Analisis sekuens nukleotida daerah COI mtDNA udang mantis H. raphidea diperoleh sekuens udang mantis H. raphidea asal Indonesia yang saat ini belum ada di Gene Bank. Pola pertumbuhan udang mantis relatif sama antara jantan dan betina Allometrik (-). Laju pertumbuhan udang mantis Harpiosquilla raphidea tidak jauh berbeda dengan udang mantis lainnya dari Ordo Stomatopoda. Rentang hidup udang mantis di Teluk Banten relatif lebih panjang (5,6 -- 6,7 tahun), dengan nilai pertumbuhan (K) udang mantis jantan lebih tinggi dibandingkan betina. Faktor kondisi udang betina lebih tinggi dari pada jantan dengan nilai pertumbuhan (L¥) antara jantan dan betina pada kisaran yang sama adalah sebesar 369,08 mm. Tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) udang mantis H. raphidea terindentifikasi dalam empat tingkat perkembangan. Ukuran matang gonad pertama udang mantis betina 199 mm dan udang mantis jantan adalah 230 mm. Udang mantis betina pada TKG II, III dan IV memiliki fekunditas berkisar 24,600--76,809 dengan rata-rata fekunditas 54,082±13,456 butir, sedangkan diameter telur pada TKG III, 510 ?675 μm dengan rata-rata diameter 574 ±6.98 μm. Pengelolaan sumber daya udang mantis di Teluk Banten diarahkan pada kegiatan perbaikan populasi melalui kegiatan konservasi atau upaya domestikasi. Upaya konservasi polulasi melalui pengendalian penangkapan berdasarkan ukuran tangkapan dengan perbaikan habitat serta upaya domestikasi. Populasi Teluk Banten dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber induk dan dapat disilangkan dengan populasi Jambi sebagai selective breeding.

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This study describes the variation in quantitative characters of both Harpiosquilla raphidea only from different location in Indonesia Research on the study of genetic diversity growth and reproductive aspects of mantis shrimp in the waters of the Banten Bay Banten Province as an initial effort in the mantis shrimp resource management particularly Harpiosquilla raphidea been done.

The study aims to assess and determine aspects of population biology genetic differentiation growth and reproductive biology aspects The study was conducted from December 2011 to September 2013 using the survey method and purposive sampling Sampling sites Harpiosquilla raphidea mantis shrimp in the waters of the Banten Bay Banten Province For comparison samples were taken mantis shrimp in the waters of Kuala Tungkal Jambi waters Gebang Kulon Cirebon West Java and water Kubu Raya Pontianak West Kalimantan especially for the analysis of genetic differentiation Research addressing the diversity of morphology of mantis shrimp H raphidea expressed from differences in body size characters morphometric 20 morphometric characters of 22 different characters are very real and 2 were not significantly different character is the fifth segment of the abdomen width ASL and a sixth segment ASN Value farthest distance Banten Bay population is the population of Edinburgh while the population closest to Cirebon Nucleotide sequence analysis of mtDNA COI region of 4 mantis shrimp population dendrogram obtained with the 3 groups clusters first main cluster consisting population Cirebon Jambi Pontianak second cluster population and the third cluster Banten Bay population Farthest genetic distance values based on mtDNA COI sequences are among the Banten Bay population with a population of Jambi While the population closest to Pontianak Aspects of the growth of mantis shrimp have the same relative weight of the long relationship between male and female is a pattern of allometric growth In general the rate of growth of mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla raphidea almost the same and not much different from other mantis shrimp of the order stomatopods but have a life span that is slightly longer ie 5 6 years to 6 7 years Value growth K is higher than male shrimp shrimp females because the female mantis shrimp growth offset to gonadal development and reproductive organs but from the condition factor obtained higher scores than males meaning that the weight gain is also influenced by the gonads and reproductive organs the female mantis shrimp Value growth L only between males and females in the same range of 369 08 mm Reproductive biology into basic information in an effort to better management and conservation efforts of domestication therefore it is very necessary to search the biological aspects of reproduction So the reproductive biology research can provide data and information on the morphological and histological characteristics of gonadal female mantis shrimp and mantis shrimp male Harpiosquilla rahpidea so levels and gonad maturity index can be determined Gonadal matury level of mantis shrimp H raphidea identified in four stages of development Size mature gonads first female mantis shrimp mantis shrimp 199 mm and males is 230 mm Gonadal matury level of mantis shrimp females in II III and IV have fecundity ranged from 24 600 to 76 809 with an average of 54 082 13 456 grains fecundity whereas the diameter of the eggs at Gonadal matury level of III 510 675 m with an average diameter of 574 6 98 mDescriptive method with univariate and multivariate analyses based on quantitative character ratio was used in this study The study aims to assess the distribution of population structure growth and exploitation rate of mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla raphidea Fabricius 1798 Growth coefficient K H raphidea is 0 16 for males and 0 14 for females and Loo is 369 08 same for males and females The value K mantis shrimp H raphidea is same relatively with some other mantis shrimp species such as Squilla mantis Oratosquilla oratoria and O stephensoni but H raphidea have longer life span wich is 5 5 to 6 7 years Mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla raphidea in an abundant marine crustacean in Indonesia It is common amng the most important predators in many shallow tropical and subtropivcal marine habitats The objective of theis study is to provide information on the histological characteristics of the ovary of female mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla rahpidea and spanwned egg The ovaries and spermatogonia a pronounced macroscopic differentiation in size and color with maturation of the ovary and spermatogonia in four developmental The average size of female 199 mm and males mantis shrimp first maturity is 230 mm Female mantis shrimp has a relatively small fecundity which is ranged from 24 600 to 76 809 eggs and eggs diameter in matury stage III is ranged from 510 to 675 m Mantis shrimp resource management in Banten Bay are focused on the repair and conservation of the population Polulasi conservation improvements with domestication and control efforts based on the size of the catchment arrest Banten Bay population may serve as a source of stem and can be crossed with a population of Pontianak and Jambi Recommendations effort did domestication activities in Banten Bay waters can be done by using floating cages enlargement of selected activities on measures that category have not entered the market or small 12 cm Key words genetic diversity growth and reproductive aspects mantis shrimp Banten Bay"

"Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) telah merencanakan pembangunan Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE). Dalam pengoperasiannya akan terjadi pelepasan radionuklida ke lingkungan, salah satunya adalah 137Cs. Untuk itu diperlukan bioindikator untuk mengidentifikasi adanya pencemaran 137Cs. Kinetika proses bioakumulasi 137Cs melalui jalur air laut pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis) dan udang mantis (Harpiosquilla raphidea) dari Teluk Jakarta telah diteliti dengan mengamati pengaruh variasi bobot biota. Eksperimen akuaria dilakukan terhadap empat kelompok ukuran dengan dua kali pengulangan. Percobaan dilakukan melalui 3 tahapan, yaitu akumulasi/pengambilan, depurasi/pelepasan serta pemodelannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kenaikan bobot biota menurunkan laju pengambilan dan laju pelepasan 137Cs oleh Perna viridis dan Harpiosquilla raphidea. Nilai faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF) Perna viridis dengan bobot 2,89 g; 6,13 g; 10,27 g; dan 12,26 g berturut-turut adalah sebesar 4,29 mL g-1; 3,35 mL g-1; 3,20 mL g-1; dan 2,86 mL g-1, sedangkan nilai faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF) Harpiosquilla raphidea dengan bobot 38,27 g; 40,19 g; 50,89 g; dan 61,22 g berturut-turut adalah sebesar 10,39 mL g-1; 10,32 mL g-1; 10,20 mL g-1; dan 9,88 mL g-1. Dibandingkan dengan Perna viridis, Harpiosquilla raphidea lebih cocok digunakan sebagai bioindikator pencemaran 137Cs berdasarkan akumulasi pada keseluruhan tubuh.

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National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) has already decided to build an experimental nuclear reactor. In the operational process, this reactor will release some radionuclides to the environment and one of them is 137Cs. Due to this phenomenon, researchers need some bioindicators to determine the contamination of 137Cs. The kinetics of 137Cs bioaccumulation through seawater pathway on green mussel (Perna viridis) and mantis shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) have been investigated by observing the effects of varying body sizes. An aquaria experiment is applied to four body size groups with two replications. The experiment was carried out by 3 steps such as: uptake, depuration, and modelling.

The results showed that the uptake and elimination rates decreased along with the increasing body size. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) on Perna viridis 2,89 g; 6,13 g; 10,27 g; and 12,26 g were found to be 4,29 mL g-1; 3,35 mL g-1; 3,20 mL g-1; and 2,86 mL g-1, while on Harpiosquilla raphidea 38,27 g; 40,19 g; 50,89 g; and 61,22 g were found to be 10,39 mL g-1; 10,32 mL g-1; 10,20 mL g- 1; and 9,88 mL g-1, respectively. Compared to Perna viridis, Harpiosquilla raphidea can be considered as a convenient bioindicator on the basis of the whole body accumulation."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik udang mantis di perairan pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang selama bulan Januari ? Desember 2015. Pengambilan sampel larva Stomatopoda dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali yaitu pada bulan Februari, Juli dan Sepember pada 4 stasiun penelitian yang terdapat di antara Tanjung Kait dan Muara Sungai Cisadane. Stomatopoda dewasa juga diambil sebanyak 1 kali pengambilan sebagai data konfirmasi dengan identifikasi secara morfologi. Empat spesies udang mantis dewasa berhasil diidentifikasi dari 37 individu yang didadapat. Keempat jenis tersebut antara lain Erugosquilla woodmasoni, Odontodactylus sp., Harpiosquilla harpax, dan Miyakea nepa. Dua puluh empat larva Stomatopoda berhasil didapatkan menggunakan jaring plankton pada 3 kali pengambilan sampel. Hanya 12 larva yang berhasil diamplifikasi gen Cytochrome oxidase sub unit 1 untuk identifikasi molekular menggunakan mesin PCR SimplyAmp Biosystem. Seluruh gen yang berhasil diamplifikasi dikirim ke Macrogen Korea untuk proses sekuensing.Hasil akhir menunjukkan terdapat 4 grup kekerabatan berdasarkan sekuens yang terdapat pada bank gen yaitu Oratosquilla interrupta, Harpiosquilla harpax, Stomatopoda sp. 1 BTN-2013 yang merupakan hasil sekuens penelitian sebelumnya dari Mariana dkk. (2013), dan Oratosquilla oratoria dengan nilai identitas 85% (NCBI 2015). Sebaran Stomatopoda di pesisir Tangerang cenderung menjauhi bagian muara sungai yang ditunjukkan dengan jumlah individu yang didapat lebih banyak pada stasiun 1 dan 3.

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The research was conducted to know mantis shrimp genetic diversity in Tangerang coastal area for periode of January--Desember 2015. The larva of Stomatopoda was sampled 3 times in February, July and September on 4 sampling stations betwen Tanjung Kait and the estuary of Cisadane river. Mature Stomatopoda was sampled once as confirmation data by morfological identification. Four species of mature Stomatopoda had been identified from 37 individuals, those are Erugosquilla woodmasoni, Odontodactylus sp., Harpiosquilla harpax, and Miyakea nepa. Twenty four larvas were found using plankton net in 3 times of sampling. Only 12 from all larvas have been successfully amplified for the sequence of Cytochrome Oxidase sub unit 1 (CO1) using PCR SimplyAmp Biosystem machine. All amplified gene were sent to macrogen for sequencing procedure.

The result shown 4 group closely related to species Oratosquilla interrupta, Harpiosquilla harpax, Stomatopoda sp. 1 BTN-2013 sequence from early research by Mariana et al. (2013), and Oratosquilla oratoria with identities 85% (NCBI 2015). The Distribution of Stomatopoda in Tangerang coastal area tend to getting far from the estuary which are statiun 1 and 3 showed the larger amount of individu."

"Penelitian keragaman genetik udang mantis di Perairan Pelabuhan ratu dan Cirebon telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari ndash; November 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik udang mantis di perairan Pelabuhan ratu dan Cirebon. Identifikasi udang mantis menggunakan karakter morfologi dan DNA barcoding dengan menggunakan Cytochrome oksidase sub unit I COI . Analisis karakter morfologi menggunakan software PAST v.3.14 Paleontological Statistics dengan metode cluster. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan software MEGA 6 dengan metode Neighbour Joining berdasarkan model Tamura-3 paramater dengan bootstrap 1000 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stomatopoda yang ditemukan dari lokasi pengambilan sampel terdiri atas Harpiosquilla harpax, Oratosquilla oratoria, Oratosquillina gravieri dan Harpiosquilla annandalei. Rata-rata kelimpahan larva Stomatopoda di perairan Cirebon pada stasiun I, II, III dan IV masing-masing 0,047; 0,018; 0,003 dan 0,003 ind/m3sedangkan larva di perairan Pelabuhan ratu hanya ditemukan di stasiun IV sebanyak 0,003 ind/m3. Hasil dendogram karakter morfometrik terdiri atas tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok H. harpax Cirebon - H.harpax Pelabuhan ratu , kelompok O. oratoria-H. annandalei, dan kelompok O. gravieri. Kesamaan pada kelompok H. harpax dari Cirebon dan Pelabuhan ratu sebesar 94,5 sedangkan H. annandalei ndash; O.oratoria sebesar 92,5 . Hasil rekonstruksi filogenetik yang dibentuk berdasarkan sekuen yang sudah dicocokkan pada Gene bank yaitu terdiri atas 2 genus yaitu Harpiosquilla dan Oratosquilla.

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The study of genetic diversity mantis shrimp in the Pelabuhan Ratu and Cirebon waters was conducted in February November 2016. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of the mantis shrimp in the Pelabuhan Ratu and Cirebon waters. Mantis shrimp was identified using morphological characters and DNA barcoding used Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I COI . Analysis character morphological were done using PAST software v.3.14 Paleontological Statistics cluster method. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree used MEGA software 6 with Neighbour Joining method based on the model of Tamura 3 parameters by bootstrapping 1000 times. The results showed that stomatopods found from sampling sites consist of Harpiosquilla harpax, Oratosquilla oratoria, Oratosquillina gravieri and Harpiosquilla annandalei. The average abundance of larvae stomatopoda were found in Cirebon waters at station I, II, III and IV 0,047 0,018 0.003 and 0.003 ind m3, respectively, while in the Pelabuhan ratu water fourth station were found as much as 0,003 ind m3. Dendogram of morphometric character consists of three groups, namely H. harpax Cirebon H. harpax Pelabuhan ratu , O. Oratoria H. annandalei group, and the group O. gravieri. Similarities were found H.harpax group of Cirebon and Pelabuhan Ratu as much as 94.5 while H. annandalei O. oratoria was 92.5 . The results of phylogenetic reconstruction were formed by sequences that have been matched in the Gene bank which consists of two genera, Harpiosquilla and Oratosquilla."

"[ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai identifikasi spesies dan distribusilarva udang mantis di Teluk Banten selama bulan Oktober 2013--November 2013.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas aplikasi DNA barcoding dalamidentifikasi larva udang mantis dan mempelajari pola distribusinya di TelukBanten. Larva udang mantis sebanyak 138 individu dikoleksi denganmenggunakan jaring larva dengan besar mulut 30x30 cm2 dan besar jaring sebesar500 μm dari 6 stasiun penelitian. Daerah COI sebagai penanda DNA barcodingefektif dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi larva udang mantis dengan variasiintraspesies sekuen COI berkisar antara 0,7--2,4%. Distribusi larva udang mantisberpusat di Stasiun 4 yang ditandai dengan tingginya kelimpahan larva udangmantis pada lokasi tersebut (P<0,005; ANOSIM). Ordinasi NMDS danklusterisasi berdasarkan jarak Bray-Curtis menunjukkan distribusi larva udangmantis dipengaruhi oleh kondisi perairanTeluk Banten. Faktor lingkungan yangmemengaruhi kelimpahan larva udang mantis adalah suhu, salinitas dan kecerahandengan nilai R2 adjusted sebesar 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribusi, kelimpahan, dankomposisi larva udnag mantis di Teluk Banten juga dipengaruhi oleh polaperilaku larva (vertical migration) dan arah arus yang memengaruhi perairanTeluk Banten. Distribusi kelimpahan larva pada lokasi penelitian selama bulanOktober--November 2013 bergerak kearah barat Teluk Banten.

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ABSTRACTPlanktonic larvae of stomatopoda were collected at six stations in BantenBay from October 2013 to November 2013, aimed at assessing effectiveness ofusing COI gene for barcoding stomatopoda larvae and studying its distribution inBanten Bay. A total of 138 stomatopod larvae were obtained by deploying larvaltrap of 30x30 cm2 mouth diameters and 500 μm mesh size for approximately 10minutes just beneath the surface. Five species of stomatopod successfullyidentified using COI gene as barcode marker. Variation of intraspecies for COIgene based on Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) were found to be ranged from 0,7% to2,4%. NMDS ordination and Bray-Curtis cluster shown that distribution ofstomatopod larvae affected by hydrodynamic on Banten Bay. Larvae abundance atsix stations in Banten Bay affected by temperature, salinity, and visibility withscore of adjusted R2 is 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribution, abundance, and diversity ofstomatopods larvae are affected by vertical migration and current on Teluk Bantenwater.;Planktonic larvae of stomatopoda were collected at six stations in BantenBay from October 2013 to November 2013, aimed at assessing effectiveness ofusing COI gene for barcoding stomatopoda larvae and studying its distribution inBanten Bay. A total of 138 stomatopod larvae were obtained by deploying larvaltrap of 30x30 cm2 mouth diameters and 500 μm mesh size for approximately 10minutes just beneath the surface. Five species of stomatopod successfullyidentified using COI gene as barcode marker. Variation of intraspecies for COIgene based on Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) were found to be ranged from 0,7% to2,4%. NMDS ordination and Bray-Curtis cluster shown that distribution ofstomatopod larvae affected by hydrodynamic on Banten Bay. Larvae abundance atsix stations in Banten Bay affected by temperature, salinity, and visibility withscore of adjusted R2 is 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribution, abundance, and diversity ofstomatopods larvae are affected by vertical migration and current on Teluk Bantenwater.;Planktonic larvae of stomatopoda were collected at six stations in BantenBay from October 2013 to November 2013, aimed at assessing effectiveness ofusing COI gene for barcoding stomatopoda larvae and studying its distribution inBanten Bay. A total of 138 stomatopod larvae were obtained by deploying larvaltrap of 30x30 cm2 mouth diameters and 500 μm mesh size for approximately 10minutes just beneath the surface. Five species of stomatopod successfullyidentified using COI gene as barcode marker. Variation of intraspecies for COIgene based on Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) were found to be ranged from 0,7% to2,4%. NMDS ordination and Bray-Curtis cluster shown that distribution ofstomatopod larvae affected by hydrodynamic on Banten Bay. Larvae abundance atsix stations in Banten Bay affected by temperature, salinity, and visibility withscore of adjusted R2 is 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribution, abundance, and diversity ofstomatopods larvae are affected by vertical migration and current on Teluk Bantenwater., Planktonic larvae of stomatopoda were collected at six stations in BantenBay from October 2013 to November 2013, aimed at assessing effectiveness ofusing COI gene for barcoding stomatopoda larvae and studying its distribution inBanten Bay. A total of 138 stomatopod larvae were obtained by deploying larvaltrap of 30x30 cm2 mouth diameters and 500 μm mesh size for approximately 10minutes just beneath the surface. Five species of stomatopod successfullyidentified using COI gene as barcode marker. Variation of intraspecies for COIgene based on Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) were found to be ranged from 0,7% to2,4%. NMDS ordination and Bray-Curtis cluster shown that distribution ofstomatopod larvae affected by hydrodynamic on Banten Bay. Larvae abundance atsix stations in Banten Bay affected by temperature, salinity, and visibility withscore of adjusted R2 is 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribution, abundance, and diversity ofstomatopods larvae are affected by vertical migration and current on Teluk Bantenwater.]"

"Kuskus (Phalangerids) adalah marsupial endemik yang distribusinya di wilayah Indonesia Timur. Populasi kuskus di Indonesia cenderung menurun. Hal ini karena aktivitas manusia seperti penebangan pohon yang illegal, perburuan yang berlebihan dan perusakan habitat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi genetika cuscus berdasarkan pada gen subunit 1 sitokrom c oksidase dan melakukan analisis pohon filogeni. Gen sitokrom c oksidase subunit I dari DNA mitokondria dianalisis menggunakan PCR. Hasil sekuensing dianalisis menggunakan MEGA 7. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik dibuat menggunakan metode Neighbor-joining sedangkan analisis jarak genetik menggunakan metode Kimura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel cuscus dari pulau Halmahera berada satu clade dengan Phalanger sp. dan sampel dari Pulau Seram berada satu clade dengan Spilocuscus sp. Cuscus (Phalanger ornatus) adalah salah satu marsupial endemik yang dilindungi oleh pemerintah. Di Indonesia, habitat P.ornatus ditemukan di hutan primer dan sekunder di Pulau Halmahera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik habitat, jenis pakan, dan pohon sarang P.ornatus di Pulau Halmahera. Penelitian ini dilakukan 2 bulan dari Mei hingga Juni 2016. Karakteristik habitat diidentifikasi menggunakan analisis vegetasi, sedangkan jenis pakan dan spesies pohon sarang diidentifikasi dengan pengamatan langsung dan tidak langsung. Indeks nilai penting tingkat pohon tertinggi, Ficus sp. dan Dracontomelon dao. Pada habitat P.ornatus, terdapat 42 spesies tanaman yang dimanfaatkan oleh P.ornatus. Persentase tertinggi bagian tanaman yang dimakan oleh P.ornatus, berturut-turut adalah buah (55,36%) dan daun muda (35,72%), bunga (7,14%), dan pucuk (1,79%). Hampir semua pohon yang digunakan sebagai tempat bersarang oleh P.ornatus juga merupakan pohon yang menjadi pakan. Pohon yang menjadi sarang P.ornatus terdiri atas 9 spesies, yaitu Buchanania arborescens, Barringtonia asiatica, Palaquium obovatum, Dracontomelon dao, Cocos nucifera, Ficus sp., Ficus virens, dan Pandanus sp. Komunitas suku Tobelo Dalam yang tinggal di desa Saolat, distrik Wasile Selatan memiliki kebiasaan melakukan aktivitas perburuan hewan di hutan-hutan sekitar desa, termasuk perburuan kuskus untuk tujuan penjualan dan konsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat Tobelo Dalam di desa Saolat dalam menerapkan sistem pemanfaatan dan pengetahuan konservasi lokal terhadap kuskus. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan metode kualitatif menggunakan teknik survei eksploratif, wawancara, dan pengisian kuesioner. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 informan kunci (3 pria, 1 wanita) dan 50 responden dewasa (25 pria dan 25 wanita). Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata pengetahuan dasar tentang karakteristik kehidupan kuskus, yang diperoleh oleh responden laki-laki adalah 9,93 dan responden perempuan adalah 6,42, sedangkan untuk pengetahuan konservasi kuskus, skor rata-rata yang diperoleh oleh responden laki-laki adalah 18 dan responden wanita 10.77. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan yang dimiliki laki-laki tentang kuskus lebih dari pengetahuan perempuan. Komunitas suku Tobelo Dalam berburu kuskus untuk empat tujuan yang berbeda, yaitu, untuk upacara tradisional, obat tradisional, masakan, dan menjualnya untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak pendapatan untuk mendukung ekonomi keluarga.

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Cuscuses (Phalangerids) are the endemic marsupial distributed in eastern Indonesia. Population cuscus in Indonesia is decrease. It due to current human activities such as land use changes, excessive hunting and habitat destruction lead to a declining population of cuscus. The aim of this study was to identify the genetics of cuscus based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene and phylogeny tree analysis. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of mitochondrial DNA was analyzed using PCR. Genetic analysis results were analyzed using MEGA 7. Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees used the Neighbor-joining method while pairwise distance analysis used Kimura method. The results showed that cuscuses samples from Halmahera island are shown one clade with Phalanger sp. and from Seram Island is one clade with Spilocuscus sp. Cuscus (Phalanger ornatus) is one of the endemic protected marsupials. In Indonesia, the ornatus cuscus habitats found in primary and secondary forests on Halmahera Island. This study aims to identify habitat characteristics, types of feed, and nest trees on Halmahera Island. This research was conducted 2 months from May to June 2016. Characteristics of habitat were identified using vegetation analysis, while feed types and nest tree species were identified by direct and indirect observations. The highest tree-level important value index, Ficus sp. and Dracontomelon dao. In the cuscus ornatus habitat, are 42 species of plants which are recorded cuscus ornatus. The highest percentage of plant parts eaten by cuscus ornatus is fruit (55,36%) and young leaves (35,72%), flowers (7,14%), and shoots (1,79%) respectivelly. Almost all the trees used as nesting places by cuscus ornatus is also feed trees, which consist of 8 species, namely Buchanania arborescens, Barringtonia asiatica, Palaquium obovatum, Dracontomelon dao, Cocos nucifera, Ficus sp., Ficus virens, and Pandanus sp. The Tobelo Dalam tribal community who live in Saolat village, district South Wasile provokes the high activity of animal poaching in forests around the village, including cuscus hunting for both sale and consumption purposes. The study aimed to describe the traditional knowledge of Tobelo Dalam people in Saolat village in applying the systems of utilization and local conservation knowledge towards cuscus. This study was analyzed by the qualitative method with explorative survey technique, interview, and completing questionnaires. This study used 4 key informants (3 males, 1 female) and 50 adult respondents (25 males and 25 females). The questionnaire results showed that the average score of basic knowledge about the life characteristics of cuscus, obtained by male respondents was 9,93 and female respondents were 6,42, whereas for knowledge of cuscus conservation, the average score obtained by male respondents was 18 and female respondents 10,77. This indicates that the knowledge that male have about cuscus is more than that of female. The community of Tobelo Dalam tribe hunts cuscus for four different purposes, i.e., for traditional ceremonies, traditional medicine, cuisine, and sell it for more income to support the economy of family."

"Geographically, Kabung Bay coastal waters is located at 100° 22'24? - 100°20?79? EL and 01° 06?22?- 01° OT45? SL. This region consists of intertidal areas, shallow sea waters (mudflats, gravel-sandflats, and sandflats), mangrove ecosystem, and coral reef. In the vicinity of Kabung Bay, there are many small islands that have been used as ecotourism sites such as Pasumpahan, Sikuai and Serandah islands. In those areas, there are some clam species which are commonly consumpted by local people such as Anadara antiquate, Katalysia japonica, and Gafrarium tumidum. Gafranium tumidum, known as kerang Kopah, is the most abundant in those areas and has been the most utilized by communities. However, their population density may be decreased due to the recent open access for those islands especially the tourism purposes."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas lamun, ikan dan plankton di perairan Kepuh, Teluk Banten. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan transek site untuk lamun, pengambilan sampel ikan dengan jaring bondet, dan plankton dengan menggunakan plankton net (Kitahara dan Norpac) serta pengukuran kualitas air sebagai parameter lingkungan. Data yang dikumpulkan dipelajari struktur komunitasnya dengan menghitung komposisi jenis, kepadatan dan indeks ekologi (keanekaragaman dan dominansi).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di perairan Kepuh, Banten, Ditemukan 4 spesies lamun dan yang dominan adalah E. acoroides dengan nilai indeks dominansi 0,6 dan nilai indeks keanekaragaman 0,7 serta kepadatannya 616 tunas/m2. Species ikan yang dominan adalah Siganus canaliculatus dengan nilai indeks dominansi 0,15 dan indeks keanekaragaman 2,4 serta kepadatannya 435 individu ikan. Plankton terdiri dari fitoplankton yang dominan adalah Nitzschia dengan nilai indeks dominansinya 0,137 dan indeks keanekaragaman 2,37 serta kepadatannya 4.500.608 sel/m3 dan zooplankton yang dominan adalah Calanus dengan nilai indeks dominansinya 0,16 dan nilai indeks keanekaragaman 2,18 serta kepadatannya 2.246 individu/m3.

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ABSTRACT

research on community structure of seagrass, fish and plankton in Kepuh coastal, Banten Bay has been conducted. This research was conducted using the transect method for seagrass, sampling fish with nets Bondet , and plankton using plankton net ( Kitahara and Norpac) as well as the water quality measurements of environmental parameters . Data collected studied the community structure by counting the species composition , density and ecological indices ( diversity and dominance ).

The results showed 4 seagrass species found. The dominant speciesof seagrass was Enhalus acoroides, the dominance index was of 0.6 and diversity index was 0.7 and density was 616 shoots/m2 . The dominant fish species was Siganus canaliculatus, the dominance index values of 0.15 and 2.4 as well as the diversity index , and density was 435 fish specimens . Plankton consists of dominant phytoplankton was Nitzschia, dominance with an index was 0.137 and diversity index was 2.37 and density 4.500.608 cel/m3 and is the dominant zooplankton Calanus with dominance index was 0.16 and the value of diversity index 2.18 and density 2.246 individu/m3."