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"Pendahuluan: Proses penyembuhan luka merupakan proses biologi yang kompleks dan dinamis yang melibatkan peran seluler, molekuler dan humoral yang terdiri atas fase inflamasi, fase proliferasi dan fase maturasi. Proses penyembuhan luka yang lambat akan menyebabkan luka kronis sehingga berbagai penelitian dikembangkan untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan. Tingginya biaya ekonomi dan sosial bagi pemerintah dan pasien terkait dengan perawatan luka adalah motivasi penting untuk pencarian alternatif terapi baru baik sebagai obat alternatif maupun sebagai komplementer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan percepatan proses penyembuhan luka berbahan dasar alami, yaitu ekstrak daun Jatropha multifida L. yang dinilai dengan pemeriksaan secara histologi dan imunohistokimia.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada 54 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Spraque dawley yang dibuat luka sayat pada enam kelompok masing-masing 3 ekor per periode dekapitasi. Tikus diperlakukan dengan ekstrak metanol 1%, ekstrak etil asetat 1% dan ekstrak n-heksan 1% daun J. multifida L. dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif (senyawa steroid), pelarut (alkohol 70%) dan negatif (tanpa perlakuan). Pemeriksaan histologi dilakukan untuk mempelajari parameter penyembuhan luka yaitu jumlah leukosit PMN, fibroblas, pembuluh darah baru, re-epitelialisasi dan kerapatan serabut kolagen. Ekspresi Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) dan Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) dinilai dengan analisis imunohistokimia. Uji sensitifitas dilakukan untuk menilai keamanan pemakaian ekstrak daun J. multifida L. terhadap kulit hewan coba.Hasil: Semua parameter yang diukur menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol 1% daun J. multifida L. dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka dengan hasil yang lebih baik dan lebih cepat dibanding semua kelompok kontrol. Terdapat korelasi yang sangat kuat dan bermakna antara angiogenesis dan fibroblas dengan ekspresi VEGF, fibroblas dengan ekspresi FGF dan re-epitelialisasi dengan ekspresi EGF. Uji sensitifitas menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun J. multifida L. tidak menimbulkan edema dan eritema.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak metanol daun J. multifida L., dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka dengan mempersingkat fase inflamasi dan fibroproliferasi dengan adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder yang dikandungnya sehingga dapat menstimulasi ekspresi VEGF, FGF dan EGF dserta tidak bersifat iritatif.

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Introduction: Wound healing is a complex biological process involving the dynamic role of cellular, molecular and humoral pathways in the phases of inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Various studies have been conducted to accelerate the wound healing process, because slow healing can lead to complications. The high economic and social costs for governments and patients related to wound care is an important motivation for the search of new therapeutic intervention including complementary and alternative medicine. This study aims to accelerate the process of wound healing with natural compounds, namely Jatropha multifida L. leaf extracts assessed by histological and immunohistochemical examination.Methods: The study was conducted with 54 male white rats, Spraque Dawley strain injured by equally sized skin cuts and divided into six groups of 3 animals each. Rats were treated with methanol, ethyl acetate or n-hexane extracts of J. multifida L. leaves (3 treatment groups) and compared with steroid-treated positive controls, organic solvent (methanol 70%) and negative (no treatment) control groups. Histology examined wound healing parameters, e.g., polymorphonuclear leukocyte and fibroblast numbers, re-vascularisation, re- epithelialisation and density of collagen fibers. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) was determined by immunohistochemistry. Sensitivity tests were conducted to assess the safety of the application of J. multifida L. leaf extracts towards the animal skin.Results: All measured parameters showed that the methanol extract of J. multifida L. leaves accelerates the wound healing process with better results compared to all other groups. There were strong correlations of VEGF expression with angiogenesis and fibroblast numbers, between FGF expression and fibroblast numbers and between EGF expression and re-epithelialisation.Conclusion: The methanol extract of J. multifida L. leaves can accelerate the wound healing process by shortening the inflammatory phase and reducing fibroblast proliferation through stimulation of VEGF, FGF and EGF expression."

"Latar Belakang : FGF2 merupakan ligan bagi Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor2(FGFR2). Interaksi dengan reseptor ini memediasi dimerisasi reseptor, fosforilasi, dan aktivasi jalur pensinyalan, seperti jalur Ras-MAPK dan PI3K. Mutasi yang berlebihan melalui sumbu FGF / FGFR dapat menginduksi proliferasi sel kanker, memicu angiogenesis dan limfogenesis, yang mendorong terjadinya metastasis. Penelitian ini mencoba mengevaluasi peran FGF2 pada metastasis kelenjar getah bening aksila pada pasien kanker payudara stadium dini. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan nilai ekspresi FGF 2 pada tumor primer terhadap kejadian metastasis kelenjar getah bening aksila. Metode : Digunakan studi potong lintang dengan mengevaluasi ekspresi FGF2 pada 47 pasien kanker payudara stadium dini yang menjalani mastektomi di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada periode Januari 2014 sampai Desember 2018. Ekspresi FGF2 diperiksa dengan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia, kemudian dievaluasi dan dihubungkan antara ekspresi FGF2 dengan metastasis kelenjar getah bening aksila. Hasil : Uji Chi Square memperlihatkan nilai p=0.044 (p<0.05) yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara nilai FGF2 pada tumor payudara dengan kejadian metastasis kelenjar getah bening aksila. Odds ratio 4,22 (CI 95% 0,983-18,1). Kesimpulan : Peran FGF2 dalam metastasis kelenjar getah bening berhubungan dengan interaksi antara berbagai faktor limfangiogenik dalam mempromosikan limfangiogenesis dan metastasis limfatik. Ekspresi FGF2 yang tinggi memiliki korelasi signifikan dengan angka kejadian metastasis kelenjar getah bening aksila.

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Background : FGF2 is a ligand for Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2). Interaction with this receptor mediate dimerization of receptor, phosphorilation, and activation of signaling pathway, such as Ras-MAPK and PI3K. Overmutation through FGF/FGFR induced proliferation of cancer cells, promoted angiogenesis, lymphogenesis, and metastasis. This study tried to evaluate the role of FGF2 in axillary lymph node metastasis in early-stage breast cancer patients.

Aim : To determined the relationship of FGF 2 expression values in primary tumors to the incidence of axillary lymph node metastases.

Methods :A cross-sectional study was used by evaluating the expression of FGF2 in 47 early-stage breast cancer patients who underwent a mastectomy at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital (RSCM) from January 2014 to Desember 2018. FGF2 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry, then evaluated and linked between expression FGF2 with axillary lymph node metastases.

Results : The Chi Square test had a value of p=0.044 (p<0.05) that showed there was a significant relationship between FGF2 value in breast tumors with the incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis. Odds ratio 4.22 (95% CI 0.983-18.1).

Conclusions The role of FGF2 in lymph node metastasis is related to the interaction between various lymphangiogenic factors in promoting lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. High expression of FGF2 has a significant correlation with the incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis."

"Obesitas menyebabkan resistensi FGF21 yang berperan dalam proses pencokelatan dan termogenesis. Resistensi FGF21 disebabkan karena penurunan ekspresi reseptor, sehingga berkurangnya ikatan antara FGF21 dan reseptornya di jaringan adiposa. Penurunan ekspresi reseptor tersebut dipengaruhi oleh miR-34a yang meningkat pada kondisi obesitas. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa miR-34a dapat menghambat persinyalan FGF21 yang berperan pada proses pencokelatan. Pendekatan terapetik berbasis FGF21 telah banyak diteliti namun potensi ekstrak Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (H. sabdariffa)terhadap miR-34a belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak H. sabdariffa terhadap ekspresi miR-34a dan FGF21 di jaringan adiposa putih. Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan dua puluh empat tikus jantan (Rattus norvegicus L) jantan galur Sprague-Dawley usia 6-10 minggu yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak (19,09% lemak, 24,00% protein). Tikus dikelompokkan menjadi empat kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal (N), kelompok kontrol obese (Ob), kelompok perlakuan dosis 200 mg/kgBB/hari (Ob-hib200), dan kelompok perlakuan dosis 400 mg/kgBB/hari (Ob-hib4000). H. sabdariffa diberikan setiap hari selama 5 minggu. Pemeriksaan ekspresi miR-34a menggunakan qRT-real time PCR dan protein FGF21 dari jaringan adiposa putih menggunakan uji ELISA. Hasil uji statistik ANOVA menunjukkan ekspresi miR-34a lebih rendah pada kelompok tikus obese yang diberikan ekstrak dosis 400 mg/kgBB/hari (p < 0,001) sehingga kadarnya tidak berbeda bermakna dengan keadaan normal (p>0,05). Di samping itu,  kadar FGF21 pada tikus obese yang diberikan ekstrak H. sabdariffa dosis 400 mg/kgBB/hari (p < 0,001) lebih tinggi bahkan berbeda bermakna dibandingkan keadaan normal (p < 0,001). Dengan demikian, ekstrak H. sabdariffa berpengaruh terhadap penurunan ekspresi miR-34a diikuti dengan peningkatan kadar FGF21 jaringan adiposa putih yang berpotensi memperbaiki resistensi FGF21.

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Obesity increase  FGF21 in circulation and caused the FGF21 resistance. This resistant lead to decrease expressions of FGF21 receptor in white adipose tissue of obese rats. The downregulation its receptor and co-receptor is altered by miR-34a which elevate in obesity. Several studies show miR-34a can inhibit signal cascade of beiging process. The therapeutic approach using FGF21 has been approved to improve obesity but the potential natural extracts of  Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (H. sabdariffa) has an effect to miR-34a and FGF21 remains unclear. This study aimed to determine alteration of miR-34a expressions of white adipose tissue and FGF21 of obese rats given to H. sabdariffa extracts. In vivo experimental study using twenty-four males of Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L), age 6-10 weeks. Rats is administered high fat diet (19,09% lemak, 24,00% protein) to induce obesity. Rats divided by four groups as follows : normal control group (N), obese control group (Ob), obese group is given 200 mg/kgWB/day extracts (Ob-hib200), and obese group is given 400 mg/kgWB/day extracts (Ob-hib4000). H. sabdariffa extracts is given daily for five weeks. Quantification of miR-34a expressions using qRT-real time PCR and  FGF21 levels of white adipose using ELISA assay. Statistical analysis using ANOVA showed  miR-34a expressions of white adipose tissue decrease in obese group is given 400 mg/kgWB/day extracts (p < 0,001) but not significantly differ from normal control group (p>0,05). In addition, FGF21 levels in white adipose tissue of obese rats given H. sabdariffa 400 mg/kgWB/day extracts (p < 0,001) increase differ from normal control group (p < 0,001). In brief,  H. sabdariffa extracts can alter the decrease of miR-34a expressions and increasing FGF21  levels in white adipose tissue of obese rats that has potential improve FGF21 resistance."

"Human dental pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth contains the population of cells that exhibited mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characters. Though, a cell amplification process is indeed required to secure and adequate cell number for such a potential employment. Several publications suggested the alteration of MSCs upon in vitro culture, for example, the decrease in proliferation and the loss of stem cell characters. Here, we investigated an influence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) with respect to cell proliferation, colony forming unit efficiency and stem cell marker expression in both short- and long-term cultures. For short-term bFGF treatment, SHEDs were treated with bFGF for 48h. While, in long-term bFGF supplementation, SHEDs were maintained in culture and continuous passage upon confluence in medium supplemented witg bFGF. Cells at passage (P) 5 and 10 were employed for characterization. Our result showed that short-term bFGF treatment enhanced OCT4, REX1, and NANOG mRNA expression as well as colony forming unit ability. The FGFR inhibitor pretreatment was able to attenuate the influence of bFGF on pluripotent stem cell marker expression, confirming bFGF function. In addition, cells cultured in high passage number had decreased in cell proliferation, colony forming unit capacity, and pluripotent stem cell marker mRNA expression. However, bFGF supplementation in culture medium enhanced both pluripotent stem cell marker expression and colony forming unit capacity in later passage, though the effect was not robust. Together, these results indicate that high passage number may attenuate pluripotent properties of SHEDs and bFGF supplementation could be the beneficial approach to maintain SHEDs' stemness properties. "

"Latar Belakang: Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23) merupakan penanda proses gangguan mineral tulang pada penyakit ginjal kronik dialisis. Peningkatan FGF-23 menyebabkan proses remodelling yang berkontribusi pada perkembangan hipertrofi ventrikel kiri (LVH) dan penurunan fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri (LVEF) secara langsung pada pasien hemodialisis masih kontroversi.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan kadar FGF-23 dalam serum dengan hipertrofiventrikel kiri dan fraksi ventrikel kiri pada pasien hemodialisis regular.Metode: Studi potong lintang terhadap 111 pasien hemodialisis regular dua kali seminggu di Rumah sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta selama periode Juli sampai September 2023. Dilakukan Uji Mann Whitney dan Chi Square untuk menilai perbedaan serta hubungan kadar FGF-23 dengan hipertrofi ventrikel kiri (LVH) dan fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri (LVEF).Hasil: Dari 111 subjek yang diikutsertakan pada analisis didapatkan median usia subjek yaitu 51 (37-61) tahun, kadar rerata iFGF-23 536,2 pg/ml (min-max 1358-2180,1). Didapatkan hasil echocardiography gambaran LVH sebesar 84,68% dan LVEF yang turun 10,81% . Didapatkan perbedaan (terbalik) kadar FGF-23 antara LVH dengan Tidak LVH (p value 0,003). Didapatkan hubungan (terbalik) kadar FGF-23 dengan LVH p value 0,010 PR (95%IK) 0,792 (0,663-0946). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan kadar FGF-23 antara yang mengalami penurunan LVEF dengan LVEF normal.Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan (terbalik) kadar FGF-23 antara hipertrofi ventrikel kiri dengan tidak hipertrofi ventrikel kiri namun tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar FGF-23 antara yang mengalami penurunan fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri dengan yang tidak mengalami penurunan fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri.

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Background: Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23) is a marker that indicate the process of bone mineral disorders in chronic kidney disease dialysis. An elevated FGF-23 causes a remodeling process that contributes to the development of left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) and the still controversial direct decline of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) among hemodialysis patients.

Objective: To seek out the connection between FGF-23 levels in serum with left ventricle hypertrophy and left ventricle ejection fraction among regular hemodialysis patients.

Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted to 111 regular hemodialysis patients for twice a week in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta from July to September 2023. The Mann Whitney and Chi Square tests were subsequently used to evaluate the difference as well as the connection between FGF-23 levels with left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF).

Results: Of the 111 subjects included in the analysis, the median age of the subject was 51 (37-61) years, show an average level of iFGF-23 value at 536.2 pg/ml (min-max 1358-2180.1). Results obtained from the echocardiography images show that 84,68% had LVH Meanwhile, LVEF results of decline was 10,81%. There is a difference (reverse) in FGF-23 levels between patients with LVH and patients without LVH (p value 0.003). Furthermore, there is a correlation (reverse) between FGF-23 levels with LVH p value 0.010 PR (CI 95%) 0.792 (0.663-0.946). Nonetheless, there is no difference between the levels of FGF-23 between subjects who experienced LVEF decline and those who did not experience LVEF normal.

Conclusion: There is a difference (reverse) in FGF-23 levels between subjects with LVH and those without LVH. However, there is no difference in FGF-23 levels among those who experienced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) decline and those who did not experience LVEF decline."

"Latar Belakang: Ameloblastoma merupakan tumor yang berasal dari jaringan epitel odontogenik pembentuk gigi. Umumnya ameloblastoma jinak, tapi bersifat agresif secara lokal dengan tingkat rekurensi yang tinggi. MMP-2 merupakan salah satu yang paling berkaitan dengan invasi ameloblastoma. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) merupakan enzim proteolitik yang diproduksi dalam sel-sel di seluruh tubuh dan menjadi bagian dari matriks ekstraselular, yang merupakan rangkaian rumit protein dan molekul lain yang terbentuk diruang antara sel-sel. Tujuan: Mengetahui sifat invasi lokal ameloblastoma dari sisi molekular.Metode Penelitian: 30 sampel ameloblastoma terdiri dari 8 sampel tipe pleksiform, 5 sampel tipe folikuler, dan 17 sampel tipe campuran. Sampel dipulas secara immunohistokimia dengan antibodi MMP-2.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan ekpresi MMP-2 dari sel epitel pada berbagai tipe ameloblastoma. Terdapat perbedaan ekspresi MMP-2 dari sel fibroblast pada berbagai macam tipe ameloblastoma. Tipe campuran memiliki tingkat invasif yang paling tinggi dari ketiga tipe ameloblastoma dan memiliki sifat yang lebih infiltratif.Kesimpulan :Terdapat perbedaan ekspresi immunohistokimia matriks metalloproteinase (MMP-2) terhadap sel epitel dan fibroblast ameloblastoma tipe folikular, pleksiform, dan campuran.

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Background : Ameloblastoma is a tumor which originate from odontogenic epithelial tissue. Mostly ameloblastoma is benign, but can be locally aggressive with high recurrence level. MMP- 2 is one that connected with ameloblastoma invasion. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is proteolitic enzim that produce in body cells and become part of extracellular matrix. Objective: Understanding ameloblastoma local invasion from molecular side. Methods: 30 samples plexiform type ameloblastoma (n = 8), 5 samples folicullar type, and 17 samples mixed type. Samples are smeared by antibody MMP-2 immunochemistry. Results: There are differences in MMP-2 expression from any kind ameloblastoma epithelial cells. There are differences in MMP- 2 expression from any kind ameloblastoma fibroblast cells. Mixed type has highest invasion level from another three types of ameloblastoma and more infiltrative. Conclusion: There are immunochemistry Matriks Metalloproteinase (MMP-2) differences at epitel cell and fibroblast of folicullar, plexiform, and mixed type of ameloblastomas."

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Latar Belakang: Salah satu faktor utama yang terlibat dalam gangguan mineral tulang dan muskuloskeletal pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) adalah Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23). Peningkatan kadar FGF-23 terjadi pada awal PGK dan semakin meningkat pada PGK tahap akhir terutama yang menjalani dialisis. FGF-23 mendapat perhatian khusus karena perannya terhadap otot skeletal pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis belum diketahui secara pasti. 

Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara kekuatan genggam tangan(KGT) dengan kadar FGF-23 pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis kronis.

Metode: Penelitianinimerupakanstudipotong lintang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di unit Hemodialisis Divisi Ginjal-Hipertensi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSCM Jakarta, pada 74 pasien dialisis 2 kali seminggu. Pengukuran FGF dengan pemeriksaan intactFibroblast Growth Factor-23 (iFGF-23) dan menilai KGT dengan dinamometer hidraulik tangan merek Jamar. Pemilihansubjekdilakukansecaraconsecutivesamplingsampaijumlah subyekyangdiperlukanterpenuhi.

Hasil: Subjek pada penelitian ini sebanyak 74 subjek dengan kadar pemeriksaan iFGF-23 pada laki-laki lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perempuan, (3276 [ min-maks; 41-6613]pg/ml dan1585 pg/ml, [min-maks; 21-4820])dan nilai KGT pasien laki-laki adalah 25 kg (min-maks; 11-48) dan perempuan adalah 20 kg (min-maks; 8-26). Setelah dilakukan penyesuaian dengan indeks komorbid charlson modifikasidan indeks massa tubuh, maka tidak didapatkan korelasi antara FGF-23 dengan KGT pada subjek laki-laki (r=-0.053, p=0.7) akan tetapi terdapat korelasi negatif bermakna pada subjek perempuan (r=-0.4, p=0.02). 

Kesimpulan: Kadar iFGF-23 memiliki korelasi negatif bermakna dengan KGT pada perempuan dan hal tersebut tidak ditemukan pada subjek penelitian laki-laki.

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Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face with muscle atrophy, low muscle strength, and low physical activity. One of the main factors involved in bone mineral and skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23). Despite FGF-23 associated left ventricular hypertrophy, there are no prior studies assessing whether FGF-23 level is associated with skeletal muscle strength in hemodialysis patient. 

Objective: To determine the correlation between hand-grip strength (HGS) and FGF-23 levels in patients undergoing twice-weekly hemodialysis patients.

Patient and Method: This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted on 74 twice-weekly hemodialysis patient at the Hemodialysis Unit at Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Before dialysis session, intact Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (iFGF-23) were measured in singlicate from plasma samples and han-grip strength that measured by Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer. Subject selection was done by consecutive sampling until the required number of subjects was fulfilled. 

Results: There were 74 subjects recruited in this study, which included 7 (18.9%) male and 3 (8.1%) female subject had body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2. Level of iFGF23 were significantly higher in males than in females (3276 pg/ml [ min-max, 41-6613] and 1585 pg/ml, [min-max 21-4820], respectively). According to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, the HGS value of male patients was lower than in females (25 kg [min-max; 11-48], (20 kg [min-max; 8-26], respectively). After adjusting to Modified Charlson Comorbidity index (mCCI) and BMI, we found a significant correlation iFGF-23 and HGS in the female subject (r = -0.4, p = 0.02 and no correlation between iFGF-23 and HGS in male subject (r = -0,053, p = 0.7). 

 

Conclusion: In twice-weekly hemodialysis patients, iFGF-23 has a significant correlation with HGS in women and this was not found in male subject.

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"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai proses penyembuhan luka dengan menggunakan ekstrak metanol daun Jatropha multifida L. berdasarkan mekanisme penurunan jumlah leukosit PMN dan peningkatan jumlah sel fibroblas.Metode: bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstrak metanol dari daun Jatropha multifida Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 36 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Spraque Dawlay umur 2 bulan dengan berat badan sekitar 150-200 g. Hewan coba dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok I (negatif kontrol merupakan kelompok hewan coba yang dilukai tanpa diobati; kelompok II (kontrol positif) merupakan kelompok hewan coba yang diobati dengan Bethasone-N; Kelompok III (kontrol pelarut) merupakan kelompok yang diobati dengan alkohol 70% sedangkan kelompok IV (kelompok perlakuan) merupakan kelompok yang diobati dengan meneteskan 10 mg ekstrak metanol daun Jatropha multifida. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 3 ekor tikus yang masing-masing dibagi lagi menjadi kelompok waktu dekapitasi pada hari ke 3, 6, dan 13. Pada jaringan luka dibuat sediaan histologi dengan pewarnaan HE dan dilanjutkan dengan menghitung jumlah leukosit PMN dan fibroblas.Pada penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa penurunan jumlah leukosit PMN pada kelompok perlakuan dengan ekstrak metanol daun Jatropha multifida relatif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dan kontrol pelarut. Peningkatan jumlah fibroblas terjadi pada hari ke 6 dan 13 setelah perlakuan. Simpulan: ekstrak metanol daun Jatropha multifida dapat mengobati luka sayat lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dan kontrol pelarut.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of methanol extract of Jatropha multifida leaves on the wound healing process and to investigate the wound healing activity based on reduced numbers of PMN (polymorpho nuclear) leukocytes and increased numbers of fibroblasts.Method: methanol extract of dried leaves of Jatropha multifida was used in the wound healing activity studies. The study subjects were 36 white male Sprague Dawlay rats aged 2 months with 150-200 gram body weight. The subjects were divided into 4 groups and experimentally injured: Group I (negative control) underwent injury without subsequent treatment; group II (positive control) received topical treatment with Bethasone-N after injury; group III (solvent control) was treated with 70% methanol; group IV (treatment group) was treated with 10 mg methanol extract of Jatropha multifida Each group consisted of 3 rats, which were decapitated on days 3, 6, and 13 after the start of treatment. Histological preparation was stained with hematoxyline-eosin (HE) and was continuously examined by counting the numbers of PMN leukocytes and fibroblasts as indicators of wound healing on days 3, 6, and 13 of treatment.The study showed lower numbers of PMN leukocytes in subjects treated with the extract of Jatropha multifidaas compared to the other groups. The numbers of fibroblasts were significantly higher on days 6 and 13 of treatment. In conclusion, the treatment of injuries with methanol extract of leaves from Jatropha multifida provided better results compared to the other groups in our study."

"Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been recognized primarily as autocrine/paracrine factors that regulate embryonic development and organogenesis. However, recent studies have revealed that some FGFs function as endocrine factors and regulate various metabolic processes in adulthood. Such FGFs, collectively called endocrine FGFs, are comprised of three members (FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23: FGF15 is the mouse ortholog of human FGF19). These endocrine FGFs share a common structural feature that enables the endocrine mode of action at the expense of the affinity to FGF receptors. To restore the affinity to FGF receptors in their target organs, the endocrine FGFs have designated the Klotho family of transmembrane proteins as obligate co-receptors. By expressing Klothos in a tissue-specific manner, this unique co-receptor system also enables the endocrine FGFs to specify their target organs among many tissues that express FGF receptors."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Beberapa tahun belakangan ini, berbagai aspek sosial-ekonomi sering dihubungkan dengan pasangan yang menunda konsepsi mereka. Fenomena ini memunculkan isu tentang bagaimana umur ayah dan ibu dapat mempengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan reproduksi. Dengan demikian, adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk mengerti bagaimana umur dapat mempengaruhi fertilitas mereka.Tujuan: Mencari korelasi antara umur dari pasien infertil dengan Index Fragmentasi DNA dan jumlah leukosit semenMetode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode retrospektif deskriptif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah rekam medis pasien infertil dari Departemen Biologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Pengambilan data dimulai dari Mei 2014 sampai Mei 2015 dengan jumlah sampel 51 dan 32 untuk setiap korelasiHasil: Pada studi ini, ada 2 korelasi yang dilakukan; 1 umur dari pasien infertil berkorelasi positif r = 0.502 dengan indeks fragmentasi DNA and 2 jumlah leukosit semen juga berkorelasi positif r = 0.528 dengan indeks fragmentasi DNAKata kunci: indeks fragmentasi DNA; infertilitas pria; umur; jumlah leukosit semen

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ABSTRACTBackground Over the last years, various socio economic aspects have been attributed to couples who delay their conception. This phenomenon has raised an issue of how both paternal and maternal age influences the reproductive success rate. It is essential to comprehend the way age affects the fertility as it is common for partners to delay their childbirth until later decades of their livesAim To find the correlation between age of infertile male patients with their DNA fragmentation index and seminal leukocyte countMethods This study was conducted with retrospective descriptive method. The source of data in this study was medical records of infertile male patients in Department of Biology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia. The data was nested from May 2014 to May 2015 with sample number of 51 and 32 for each correlation respectively.Results In this study, there are two correlations being done 1 age of infertile male patients are positively correlated r 0.502 with their DNA fragmentation index and 2 their seminal leukocyte count are also positively correlated r 0.528 with their DNA fragmentation index.Keywords DNA fragmentation index male infertility age seminal leukocyte count."