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ABSTRACTCoral reef cover has been conducted observations using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT), and methods of Under water Fish Visual Census (UVC) to determine the type of fish Observation of the condition of coral reefs and reef fish is done in shallow water which is 3-6 depth in ten-point observation station. Based on direct observtion, the general condition of coral reef in Wangi-wangi Island is classied into the category from moderate to good. The average peresentage of live coral cover (life form) at the base station to station 10 is 64,61%. Water temperature ranged from 25 until 29oC, Salinity 34-36?, Brightness reaces the bottom; diversity index (H?) ranged from 3,2 to 3,6. Uniformity index (E) at te bottom waters ranged from 0,83 to 0,91. Dominance Index (C) ranged from 0,09 to 0,14. Reef fish diversity index ranged from 2,96 to 3,97, Uniformity index (E) reef fish ranged from 0,55 to 0,97. Valve dominance index (C) ranged from 0,04 to 0,17. Based on the valve of scoring on te whole category, all of the observation stations are include in category S1 which is suitable for beach tourism or nautical tourism like diving or snorkling.;Coral reef cover has been conducted observations using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT), and methods of Under water Fish Visual Census (UVC) to determine the type of fish Observation of the condition of coral reefs and reef fish is done in shallow water which is 3-6 depth in ten-point observation station. Based on direct observtion, the general condition of coral reef in Wangi-wangi Island is classied into the category from moderate to good. The average peresentage of live coral cover (life form) at the base station to station 10 is 64,61%. Water temperature ranged from 25 until 29oC, Salinity 34-36?, Brightness reaces the bottom; diversity index (H?) ranged from 3,2 to 3,6. Uniformity index (E) at te bottom waters ranged from 0,83 to 0,91. Dominance Index (C) ranged from 0,09 to 0,14. Reef fish diversity index ranged from 2,96 to 3,97, Uniformity index (E) reef fish ranged from 0,55 to 0,97. Valve dominance index (C) ranged from 0,04 to 0,17. Based on the valve of scoring on te whole category, all of the observation stations are include in category S1 which is suitable for beach tourism or nautical tourism like diving or snorkling., Coral reef cover has been conducted observations using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT), and methods of Under water Fish Visual Census (UVC) to determine the type of fish Observation of the condition of coral reefs and reef fish is done in shallow water which is 3-6 depth in ten-point observation station. Based on direct observtion, the general condition of coral reef in Wangi-wangi Island is classied into the category from moderate to good. The average peresentage of live coral cover (life form) at the base station to station 10 is 64,61%. Water temperature ranged from 25 until 29oC, Salinity 34-36?, Brightness reaces the bottom; diversity index (H?) ranged from 3,2 to 3,6. Uniformity index (E) at te bottom waters ranged from 0,83 to 0,91. Dominance Index (C) ranged from 0,09 to 0,14. Reef fish diversity index ranged from 2,96 to 3,97, Uniformity index (E) reef fish ranged from 0,55 to 0,97. Valve dominance index (C) ranged from 0,04 to 0,17. Based on the valve of scoring on te whole category, all of the observation stations are include in category S1 which is suitable for beach tourism or nautical tourism like diving or snorkling.]"

"[ABSTRAKKarakteristik Pulau Besar berbeda dengan Pulau Kecil yang terpisah dari Pulau Besar. Pulau kecil atau pulau-pulau kecil yang terisolasi memiliki banyak kekurangan dan keterbatasan dalam sumber daya alam baik di darat maupun di laut sehingga pengelolaan pembangunannya perlu berbasiskan gugus pulau kecil. Fokus penelitian ini adalah tentang pengelolaan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Gugus Pulau Kecil: Studi kasus di Kepulauan Wangi-wangi, salah satu kawasan terumbu karang Taman Nasional Laut Kabupaten Wakatobi, Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tidak berkelanjutannya kegiatan pariwisata bahari di Kepulauan Wangi-wangi Wakatobi. Studi ini juga ingin menemukan model pengelolaan pariwisata bahari berkelanjutan yang khas Wakatobi. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif. Teknik mengumpulkan data adalah observasi, survei, wawancara mendalam dan diskusi kelompok terfokus (FGD) dengan pemangku kepentingan, dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pariwisata di Pulau Wangi-wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi belum dilaksanakan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip pariwisata bahari berkelanjutan. Ada 5 faktor negatif dan 5 faktor positif yang berpengaruh pada kegiatan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Pulau Wangi-wangi. Untuk mengantisipasi kondisi ini peneliti mengusulkan model pengelolaan pariwisata bahari berkelanjutan yang sesuai dengan karakteristik gugus pulau Wangi-wangi Wakatobi. Model tersebut adalah model yang berbasis kemitraan atau pengembangan usaha bersama di bidang pengelolaan kepariwisataan yang melibatkan Pemda, Lembaga Adat, Kelompok Masyarakat Lokal, dan Profesional.;

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ABSTRACTBig islands have different characteristics from small islands which are separated from big islands. These isolated small islands are limited both in their natural resources on land and in the sea which require a specific development management: small island region development management. The focus of this research is on sustainable tourism management in small island region with Wangi ? wangi islands as the case study. Wangi-wangi islands is a part of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi. This study was conducted to identify factors that lead to unsustainable marine tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands. The purpose of the study is to create a sustainable marine tourism management model appropriate for the condition found in Wakatobi. The research method is qualitative - descriptive. The data collection method used is observation, survey to the stakeholders, in-depth interviews with the stakeholders, forum group discussion (FGD), and SWOT analysis. The results of the research shows that tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands Wakatobi has not been carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable marine tourism . There are five negative and five positive factors affecting the activities of sustainable tourism. To anticipate this condition, the research proposes a model of sustainable management of marine tourism that is appropriate for the characteristics found in Wangi ? wangi islands in Wakatobi. The model is based on a model of partnership or joint venture development in the field of tourism management involving Local Government, Indigenous Institute, Local Community Groups and Professional.;Big islands have different characteristics from small islands which are separated from big islands. These isolated small islands are limited both in their natural resources on land and in the sea which require a specific development management: small island region development management. The focus of this research is on sustainable tourism management in small island region with Wangi ? wangi islands as the case study. Wangi-wangi islands is a part of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi. This study was conducted to identify factors that lead to unsustainable marine tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands. The purpose of the study is to create a sustainable marine tourism management model appropriate for the condition found in Wakatobi. The research method is qualitative - descriptive. The data collection method used is observation, survey to the stakeholders, in-depth interviews with the stakeholders, forum group discussion (FGD), and SWOT analysis. The results of the research shows that tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands Wakatobi has not been carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable marine tourism . There are five negative and five positive factors affecting the activities of sustainable tourism. To anticipate this condition, the research proposes a model of sustainable management of marine tourism that is appropriate for the characteristics found in Wangi ? wangi islands in Wakatobi. The model is based on a model of partnership or joint venture development in the field of tourism management involving Local Government, Indigenous Institute, Local Community Groups and Professional.;Big islands have different characteristics from small islands which are separated from big islands. These isolated small islands are limited both in their natural resources on land and in the sea which require a specific development management: small island region development management. The focus of this research is on sustainable tourism management in small island region with Wangi ? wangi islands as the case study. Wangi-wangi islands is a part of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi. This study was conducted to identify factors that lead to unsustainable marine tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands. The purpose of the study is to create a sustainable marine tourism management model appropriate for the condition found in Wakatobi. The research method is qualitative - descriptive. The data collection method used is observation, survey to the stakeholders, in-depth interviews with the stakeholders, forum group discussion (FGD), and SWOT analysis. The results of the research shows that tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands Wakatobi has not been carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable marine tourism . There are five negative and five positive factors affecting the activities of sustainable tourism. To anticipate this condition, the research proposes a model of sustainable management of marine tourism that is appropriate for the characteristics found in Wangi ? wangi islands in Wakatobi. The model is based on a model of partnership or joint venture development in the field of tourism management involving Local Government, Indigenous Institute, Local Community Groups and Professional.;Big islands have different characteristics from small islands which are separated from big islands. These isolated small islands are limited both in their natural resources on land and in the sea which require a specific development management: small island region development management. The focus of this research is on sustainable tourism management in small island region with Wangi ? wangi islands as the case study. Wangi-wangi islands is a part of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi. This study was conducted to identify factors that lead to unsustainable marine tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands. The purpose of the study is to create a sustainable marine tourism management model appropriate for the condition found in Wakatobi. The research method is qualitative - descriptive. The data collection method used is observation, survey to the stakeholders, in-depth interviews with the stakeholders, forum group discussion (FGD), and SWOT analysis. The results of the research shows that tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands Wakatobi has not been carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable marine tourism . There are five negative and five positive factors affecting the activities of sustainable tourism. To anticipate this condition, the research proposes a model of sustainable management of marine tourism that is appropriate for the characteristics found in Wangi ? wangi islands in Wakatobi. The model is based on a model of partnership or joint venture development in the field of tourism management involving Local Government, Indigenous Institute, Local Community Groups and Professional.;Big islands have different characteristics from small islands which are separated from big islands. These isolated small islands are limited both in their natural resources on land and in the sea which require a specific development management: small island region development management. The focus of this research is on sustainable tourism management in small island region with Wangi ? wangi islands as the case study. Wangi-wangi islands is a part of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi. This study was conducted to identify factors that lead to unsustainable marine tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands. The purpose of the study is to create a sustainable marine tourism management model appropriate for the condition found in Wakatobi. The research method is qualitative - descriptive. The data collection method used is observation, survey to the stakeholders, in-depth interviews with the stakeholders, forum group discussion (FGD), and SWOT analysis. The results of the research shows that tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands Wakatobi has not been carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable marine tourism . There are five negative and five positive factors affecting the activities of sustainable tourism. To anticipate this condition, the research proposes a model of sustainable management of marine tourism that is appropriate for the characteristics found in Wangi ? wangi islands in Wakatobi. The model is based on a model of partnership or joint venture development in the field of tourism management involving Local Government, Indigenous Institute, Local Community Groups and Professional.;Big islands have different characteristics from small islands which are separated from big islands. These isolated small islands are limited both in their natural resources on land and in the sea which require a specific development management: small island region development management. The focus of this research is on sustainable tourism management in small island region with Wangi ? wangi islands as the case study. Wangi-wangi islands is a part of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi. This study was conducted to identify factors that lead to unsustainable marine tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands. The purpose of the study is to create a sustainable marine tourism management model appropriate for the condition found in Wakatobi. The research method is qualitative - descriptive. The data collection method used is observation, survey to the stakeholders, in-depth interviews with the stakeholders, forum group discussion (FGD), and SWOT analysis. The results of the research shows that tourism activities in Wangi ? wangi islands Wakatobi has not been carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable marine tourism . There are five negative and five positive factors affecting the activities of sustainable tourism. To anticipate this condition, the research proposes a model of sustainable management of marine tourism that is appropriate for the characteristics found in Wangi ? wangi islands in Wakatobi. The model is based on a model of partnership or joint venture development in the field of tourism management involving Local Government, Indigenous Institute, Local Community Groups and Professional., Big islands have different characteristics from small islands which are separated from big islands. These isolated small islands are limited both in their natural resources on land and in the sea which require a specific development management: small island region development management. The focus of this research is on sustainable tourism management in small island region with Wangi – wangi islands as the case study. Wangi-wangi islands is a part of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi. This study was conducted to identify factors that lead to unsustainable marine tourism activities in Wangi – wangi islands. The purpose of the study is to create a sustainable marine tourism management model appropriate for the condition found in Wakatobi. The research method is qualitative - descriptive. The data collection method used is observation, survey to the stakeholders, in-depth interviews with the stakeholders, forum group discussion (FGD), and SWOT analysis. The results of the research shows that tourism activities in Wangi – wangi islands Wakatobi has not been carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable marine tourism . There are five negative and five positive factors affecting the activities of sustainable tourism. To anticipate this condition, the research proposes a model of sustainable management of marine tourism that is appropriate for the characteristics found in Wangi – wangi islands in Wakatobi. The model is based on a model of partnership or joint venture development in the field of tourism management involving Local Government, Indigenous Institute, Local Community Groups and Professional.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi wisata penyelaman sebagai aset ekowisata yang dimiliki Taman Nasional Wakatobi, serta menentukan skenario pengelolaan terbaik bagi kegiatan ekowisata berkelanjutan, sesuai dengan persepsi stakeholder. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data kualitatif yang telah dikuantifikasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode line intercept transect untuk memperoleh data terumbu karang, serta survey dengan teknik pengambilan data kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi terumbu karang di titik penyelaman Pulau Wangi-Wangi berada dalam kondisi baik dan sangat baik. Titik penyelaman Sombu mendapatkan nilai tertinggi dalam penilaian keindahan. Skenario yang mendapatkan skor tertinggi untuk pengelolaan ekowisata berkelanjutan yakni cara pengelolaan secara ekspansif, dengan disertai penambahan sarana pengawasan lingkungan.

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This research aims to find out Wakatobi National Marine Park’s ecotourism potency and to determines the best sustainable ecotourism management scenario, according to stakeholder’s perception, in which the researcher utilizes quantitative using quantified qualitative data. Therefore, the researcher using line-intercept-transect methods to acquire coral reef data and questionnaire survey. The result shows that the coral reefs on Wangi-wangi island’s diving spots is in good and excellent condition, where Sombu diving spot get the highest score in scenic beauty estimation. Thereafter, the best sustainable ecotourism management scenario available is environmentally-controlled expansive management.

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"ABSTRAKTerumbu karang adalah salah satu ekosistem laut yang paling penting dan paling rentan di dunia. Terumbu karang dapat rusak yang diakibatkan oleh faktor lingkungan dan aktivitas manusia, seperti kegiatan pariwisata. Kepulauan Bangka Belitung adalah salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi besar terumbu karang, yang kemungkinan besar mengalami kerusakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan terumbu karang yang terjadi di pulau-pulau tujuan wisata, Kabupaten Belitung, baik yang disebabkan oleh faktor alam maupun non alam secara spasial dan temporal serta menganalisis faktor penyebab utama dari perubahan luasan terumbu karang dari tahun 2005 hingga 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra satelit landsat seperti Landsat 5 TM untuk tahun 2005, Landsat 7 ETM untuk tahun 2011, dan Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS untuk 2018. Dalam studi ini, perubahan terumbu karang ditentukan oleh pengolahan data citra satelit. Kemudian, metode overlay digunakan untuk menganalisis perubahan. Ada perubahan terumbu karang yang signifikan terjadi dari tahun 2005-2018, yaitu pengurangan luas terumbu karang dari semula seluas 5,05 km2, menjadi seluas 1,98 km2 atau berkurang seluas 3,93 km2. Dari 3,93 km2 luas terumbu karang yang berkurang atau rusak tersebut, seluas 1,34 km2, atau sekitar 34.04 disebabkan oleh faktor non alam atau dengan kata lain sekitar 65.96 kerusakan diakibatkan oleh faktor alam.

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ABSTRACTCoral reefs are one of the most important and the most vulnerable marine ecosystem in the world. The coral reefs can be damaged, because of environmental factors and human activities, such as tourism activities. Bangka Belitung islands is one of the provinces in Indonesia that have a huge potential of coral reefs, which are likely being damaged. This study aims to analyse the changing of coral reefs that occurred caused by natural and non natural factors in the islands of tourist destinations in Belitung Regency spatially and temporally from 2005 to 2018. This study used landsat satellite imageries such as Landsat 5 TM for 2005, Landsat 7 ETM for 2011, and Landsat 8 OLI TIRS for 2018. In this study, the changes of coral reefs will be determined by image data processing. Then, overlay methods are used to analyse the changes. There are significant coral reef changes in 2005 2018. The coral reef areas decreased from 5.05 km2 to 1.98 km2 or decreased about 3.93 km2. Out of 3.93 km2 decreased area, approximately 1.34 km2 or about 34.04 is caused by non natural factors. In other words, about 65.96 of damaged coral reef area is caused by natural factors."

"Perkembangan industri pariwisata membawa tantangan baru di Taman Nasional Bunaken (TNB). Pada tahun 2016, di resmikannya rute penerbangan langsung di beberapa kota di China dari dan menuju Manado, menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah wisatawan asal Tiongkok, situasi tersebut dapat membahayakan ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken. Kebijakan baru untuk meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan tersebut dapat menimbulkan indikasi pariwisata massal yang merusak. Penelitian ini melakukan studi awal pengukuran keberlanjutan Pulau Bunaken sebagai destinasi pariwisata. Sebagai kajian untuk masa mendatang dan meninjau kembali keberhasilan manajemen pengelolaan TNB. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode penilaian cepat untuk pariwisata di Pulau Bunaken (RAPBunaken). Analisis RAPBunaken menggunakan 24 atribut dengan tujuan mengukur keberlanjutan berdasarkan empat indeks: ekologis (72,83), ekonomi (55,19), sosial (50,23), dan kelembagaan (45,53). Indeks kumulatif keberlanjutan ekosistem terumbu karang rata-rata adalah 55,94, hasil tersebut menunjukan keberlanjutan dalam status sedang. Temuan penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai rekomendasi awal untuk pengelolaan Taman Nasional Bunaken di masa depan

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The development of the tourism industry brings a new challenge in Bunaken National Park. In 2016, new direct flight routes were established from and to Manado, spike an increase in the number of tourists from China, create an unusual situation that could jeopardize the coral reefs ecosystem in Bunaken Island. Encounter new policy to increase tourist volume could lead to destructive mass tourism. This research presented a preliminary measurement of sustainability in Bunaken Islands as a tourist destination, future challenge, and revisiting successful story management of this National Park. The data obtained were analyzed using the rapid appraisal technique for Bunaken Island tourism (RAPBunaken). The RAPBunaken analysis used 24 attributes to measure destination sustainability, based on four indices: ecological (72,83), economic (55,19), social (50,23), and institutional (45,53). The average cumulative index of coral reef ecosystem sustainability was 55,94, within a threshold denoting sustainability in medium status. The findings of this study can use as a recommendation for future management of Bunaken National Park"

"Pulau Pari adalah gugusan dari Kepulauan Seribu yang terletak diantara 5⁰ 50' LS-05⁰ 52' LS dan 106⁰ 34' BT-106⁰ 38' BT. Pulau Pari yang memiliki potensi akan wisata, sehingga perlu adanya pengelolaan mengenai hal tersebut. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu adanya analisis mengenai terumbu karang, daya dukung lingkungan, perilaku wisatawan, dan usulan mengenai skenario pengelolaan wisata selam. Pendekatan riset yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan mix method (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Analisis yang digunakan pada riset ini adalah kondisi terumbu karang, data kelimpahan ikan karang, kesesuaian lahan perairan, daya dukung kawasan, dan analisis perilaku wisatawan. Hasil kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Pari pada Stasiun 1 dan 4 adalah kategori sangat buruk, Stasiun 2 kategori baik, dan Stasiun 3,5, dan 6 termasuk dalam kategori buruk. Hasil pada kesesuian wisata pada perairan Pulau Pari termasuk dalam kategori S2 dengan pengertian termasuk dalam kategori sesuai. Pada kegiatan wisata selam, maka akan sangat terkait dengan wisatawan. Pada analisis perilaku wisatawan sebanyak 50 responden, mendapatkan hasil bahwa 58% wisatawan pernah melakukan perilaku destruktif. Hasil Analisis menunjukkan bahwa wisata selam sendiri menyumbang 7,26% kerusakan terumbu karang. Daya dukung wisata berfungsi untuk menetapkan jumlah wisatawan, dimana didapatkan hasil 22 orang/hari dan usulan dibagi menjadi 3 zona pemanfaatan yaitu : zona inti, zona penyangga, dan zona pemanfaatan.

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Pari Island is a cluster of the Thousand Islands, located between 5⁰ 50' LS-05⁰ 52' LS dan 106⁰ 34' BT-106⁰ 38' BT. Pari Island which has the potential to be tourist, so it needs the management about it. Based on this, the need for analysis of the coral reefs, the carrying capacity of the environment, tourist behavior, and proposals regarding the dive tourism management scenarios. Approach to research carried out in this study using a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative). The analysis used in this research is the condition of coral reefs, reef fish abundance of data, land suitability waters, the carrying capacity of the region, and the analysis of tourist behavior. The result of the condition of coral reefs in Pulau Pari at Station 1 and 4 is a very bad category, Station 2 good category, Station 3,5, 6 stations included in the category of bad. The yield on the suitability travel in Pari Island waters included in the S2 category with the understanding included in the appropriate category. At the dive tourism activities, it will be associated with tourists. In rating the behavior analysis of 50 respondents, get the result that 58% of tourists ever do destructive behavior. Analysis showed that the dive tourism alone accounts for 7.26% of coral reef damage. Tourism carrying capacity is used to set the number of tourists, which showed 22 people/day and the proposed utilization are divided into 3 zones, namely: core zone, buffer zone, and the zone of utilization. At the dive tourism activities, it will be associated with tourists. In rating the behavior analysis of 50 respondents, get the result that 58% of tourists ever do destructive behavior. Analysis showed that the dive tourism alone accounts for 7.26% of coral reef damage. Tourism carrying capacity is used to set the number of tourists, which showed 22 people/day and the proposed utilization are divided into 3 zones, namely: core zone, buffer zone, and the zone of utilization. At the dive tourism activities, it will be associated with tourists. In rating the behavior analysis of 50 respondents, get the result that 58% of tourists ever do destructive behavior. Analysis showed that the dive tourism alone accounts for 7.26% of coral reef damage. Tourism carrying capacity is used to set the number of tourists, which showed 22 people/day and the proposed utilization are divided into 3 zones, namely: core zone, buffer zone, and the zone of utilization."

"Ekosistem terumbu karang yang baik dapat bermanfaat bagi keberlangsungan hidup habitat ikan serta ekosistem perairan. Pada penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis pengaruh aktivitas manusia terhadap persebaran terumbu karang di Wilayah Perairan Pulau Samatellu Lompo, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan, Sulawesi Selatan pata tahun 2000, 2014, 2018, serta 2021. Persebaran terumbu karang didapatkan melalui survei lapang dengan menggunakan metode foto transek bawah air, serta melakukan pengolahan data citra menggunakan algoritma Lyzenga untuk koreksi kolom air, setelah itu dilakukan proses klasifikan objek perairan dengan klasifikasi unsupervised. Terkait aktivitas manusia yang mempengaruhi kerusakan terumbu karang didapatkan melalui wawancara terhadap informan serta mencari studi literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Terumbu karang di Perairan Samatellu lompo semakin menurun dari tahun 2000-2021. Pada tahun 2000 luas karang hidup yaitu sebesar 13,53 ha, sedangkan tahun 2021 karang hidup menurun dengan luas sebesar 8,031 ha. Kegiatan destructive fishing, yakni kegiatan penangkapan ikan dengan cara yang merusak seperti pemboman serta pembiusan manusia menjadi faktor utama dalam kerusakan terumbu karang. Berdasarkan pengalaman serta pengetahuan informan, diketahui bahwa wilayah yang biasa dijadikan sebagai kegiatan destructive fishing adalah di bagian barat serta utara perairan Samatellu Lompo. Dengan menggunakan pemboman dapat mengakibatkan karang berubah menjadi pecahan karang atau rubble.

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Good coral reef ecosystem can be beneficial for the survival of fish habitats and aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the influence of human activities on the distribution of coral reefs in the waters of Samatellu Lompo Island, Pangkajene Islands Regency, South Sulawesi in 2000, 2014, 2018, and 2021. Distribution of coral reefs was obtained through a field survey using the photo method. underwater transects, like processing image data using the Lyzenga algorithm for air column correction, after the process of classifying aquatic objects with unsupervised classification. Human activities that affect coral reef damage obtained through interviews with informants and looking for related literature studies. The results showed that the coral reefs in the Samatellu Lompo waters decreased from 2000-2021. In 2000, area of live coral was 13.53 ha, while in 2021, decreased by 8,031 ha. Destructive fishing activities, namely fishing activities in destructive ways such as bombing and anesthesia are the main factors in the destruction of coral reefs. Based on the experience and knowledge from informants, it’s known that the areas commonly used as destructive fishing activities are in the western and northern waters of Samatellu Lompo that causing coral to turn into dead coral or rubble."

"Sumberdaya terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung telah lama dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat untuk berbagai keperluan. Pada saat ini sebagian masyarakat Pulau Tidung menggantungkan hidupnya sebagai penyedia jasa kegiatan wisata yang sebelumnya berprofesi sebagai nelayan. Adanya kegiatan wisata di Pulau Tidung yang tanpa terkendali yang memanfaatkan keindahan karang dapat berdampak terjadinya penurunan kualitas terumbu karang di sekitarnya. Metode pengamatan untuk mengamati tingkat kerusakan karang adalah Line Intercept Transect dan faktor lingkungan diamati dengan pengukuran berbagai parameter lingkungan perairan secara langsung di lapangan. Aspek sosial ekonomi dan pengelolaan dikaji dari berbagai peraturan yang telah ada dan wawancara secara mendalam dengan penduduk setempat dan wisatawan. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kondisi kerusakan terumbu karang dan faktor penyebabnya baik faktor antropogenik maupun non-antropogenik serta pengelolaan terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung. Beberapa faktor yang diamati yaitu kondisi perairan, kondisi terumbu karang, aspek sosial masyarakat dan kebijakan pengelolaan terumbu karang. Kondisi perairan meliputi suhu, kecerahan, kecepatan arus, pH, salinitas, fosfat dan nitrat. Kondisi karang meliputi persentase tutupan karang, indeks keanekaragaman, dan indeks dominasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama bulan Juni – Agustus 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung dalam kondisi rusak - sedang dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup antara 21,41% – 30,19%. Indeks keanekaragaman tutupan berkisar antara 2,0423 – 2,1495 dan indeks dominasi tutupan berkisar antara 0,1433 – 0,1466, nilai tersebut memperlihatkan adanya keanekaragaman dan tekanan lingkungan yang sedang, dan tidak adanya dominasi tutupan karang tertentu. Parameter kualitas air laut memperlihatkan masih dalam ambang batas normal untuk kehidupan karang. Faktor antropogenik berupa kegiatan pariwisata, penambangan karang, pengeboman dan pengoperasian kapal di daerah terumbu karang diduga berperan terhadap kerusakan karang di Pulau Tidung. Pengelolaan terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung telah diatur melalui beberapa peraturan baik secara nasional maupun oleh pemerintah setempat, namun pelaksanaannya belum optimal sehingga diperlukan implementasi kebijakan yang lebih baik dengan menerapkan program kesadaran masyarakat, penegakan hukum dan peran masyarakat secara aktif dalam mengelola sumberdaya laut.

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Coral reef resources in Tidung Island has been used by local people for various purposes. At this time most of local people working as a travel provider or tourist guide. The existence of tourist activities in Tidung Island that utilizes the exotic of coral reefs affect the condition of coral reefs in this area. Observation method to observe the level of coral damage is Line Intercept Transect and environmental factors observed by measuring several water quality parameters. Socio-economic and management aspects examined from existing regulations and interviews with local people and tourists. The aim of this study is to discuss the coral condition and the causes of coral degradation including anthropogenic factors, non-anthropogenic and management of coral reefs in Tidung Island, Seribu Islands, north off Jakarta. Several factors were observed, namely the condition of waters, coral reefs, and social aspects and management. Water conditions include temperature, brightness, speed of flow, pH, salinity, phosphate and nitrate, and the condition of coral include life form percentage, index of diversity, and dominance index. The research was conducted during June to August 2011. The results show that the condition of coral reefs in Tidung Island was categorised bad condition to moderate with the percentage of life form ranges between 21.41% - 30.19%. Index of diversity ranged from 2.0423 to 2.1495 and dominance index ranged between 0.1433 to 0.1466. These showed ​​that the level of diversity and environmental pressures are medium, and has no a spesific type of coral cover that dominates in coral reefs. Water quality parameters are still within normal limits for coral life. Anthropogenic factors such as tourism, mining coral, destructive fishing (bombings) and the operation of ships in coral reef are thought to contribute to destruction of coral reef in Tidung Island. Management of coral reefs in Tidung Island has been governed by several regulations by both national and local government, but the implementation has not been optimized so the implementation of better policies by implementing public awareness programs, law enforcement and community participation in managing marine resources is needed."

"ABSTRAKTerumbu karang merupakan salah satu kekayaan alam yang terkenal dalam sektor pariwisata bahari, dimana terumbu karang memiliki manfaat yang baik dari segi ekologi maupun ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis pola spasial perubahan kondisi karang dan menganalisis aktivitas wisata bahari yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi sebaran terumbu karang di Nusa Dua dan Nusa Penida. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis spasial dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu luasan sebaran karang di Kawasan Nusa Dua dan Nusa Penida berjumlah 592,61 Ha, didalamnya terdapat 3 klasifikasi yaitu karang hidup, karang mati, dan pasir. Pada tahun 2012, luasan sebaran karang hidup di Nusa Dua berkisar 111,09 Ha dan di Nusa Penida berkisar 186,31 Ha. Luasan sebaran karang mati di Nusa Dua sebesar 157,02 Ha dan 53,80 Ha di Nusa Penida, sedangkan untuk luasan sebaran pasir di Nusa Dua berkisar 39,77 Ha dan 44,61 Ha di Nusa Penida. Pada tahun 2016, luasan sebaran karang hidup di Nusa Dua berkisar 111,71 Ha dan di Nusa Penida berkisar 186,53 Ha. Luasan sebaran karang mati di Nusa Dua sebesar 156,40 Ha dan 53,59 Ha di Nusa Penida, sedangkan untuk luasan sebaran pasir di Nusa Dua berkisar 39,77 Ha dan 44,61 Ha di Nusa Penida. Pada Kawasan Wisata di Nusa Dua dan Nusa Penida memiliki bermacam-macam jenis kegiatan wisata bahari diantaranya seperti: snorkeling, diving, dan watersports. Untuk Pola spasial perubahan kondisi terumbu karang yang berdasarkan aktivitas wisata dibagi menjadi 3 kelas kategori untuk mengetahui tingkat kepadatan wisatawan pada lokasi-lokasi dive point yaitu jarang, sedang, dan padat di Kawasan Nusa Dua dan Nusa Penida. Lokasi dive spot pada kelas tingkat kepadatan wisatawan yang padat pada lokasi dive spot Nusa Dua, Crystal Bay, Batu Gede, Manta Point, dan Malibu Point.

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ABSTRACTCoral reefs are one of the renowned natural wealth in the marine tourism sector, where coral reefs have both ecological and economic benefits. The purpose of this research is to analyze spatial pattern of coral condition change and to analyze marine tourism activity that can influence the condition of coral reef distribution in Nusa Dua and Nusa Penida. The method used in this research is spatial analysis using descriptive method. The results of this study are the extent of coral distribution in the area of Nusa Dua and Nusa Penida amounted to 592.61 Ha, in which there are 3 classifications of live coral, dead coral, and sand. In 2012, the extent of live coral distribution in Nusa Dua ranges from 111.09 Ha and in Nusa Penida around 186.31 Ha. The extent of dead coral distribution in Nusa Dua is 157.02 Ha and 53.80 Ha in Nusa Penida, while for the extent of sand in Nusa Dua ranges from 39.77 Ha and 44.61 Ha in Nusa Penida. In 2016, the extent of live coral distribution in Nusa Dua ranges from 111.71 Ha and in Nusa Penida around 186.53 Ha. The extent of dead coral distribution in Nusa Dua is 156,40 Ha and 53,59 Ha in Nusa Penida, while for the amount of sand distribution in Nusa Dua is around 39,77 Ha and 44,61 Ha in Nusa Penida. In Nusa Dua and Nusa Penida Tourism Area has various kinds of marine tourism activities such as snorkeling, diving, and watersports. For spatial pattern changes of coral reef condition based on tourism activity divided into 3 categories category to know the level of tourist density at dive point location that is rare, medium, and solid in Nusa Dua and Nusa Penida. The location of the dive spot on the crowded tourist density class at the Nusa Dua dive spot, Crystal Bay, Batu Gede, Manta Point and Malibu Point."

"Lariangi yang diajukan dalam penelitain ini adalah salah satu jenis kesenian berbentuk tari yang ada di Kec. Kaledupa Kab. Wakatobi Sulawesi Tenggara,. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap proses dan bentuk pewarisan lariangi pada masyarakat Kaledupa. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi sebagai langkah untuk memahami realitas sosial budaya masyarakat, ditunjang oleh konsep dan teori pewarisan, tradisi lisan dan formula, proses dan bentuk pewarisan lariangi pada generasi Kaledupa dapat diungkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lariangi mengalami perubahan dalam pertunjukannya. Perubahan tersebut disebabkan, baik oleh dinamika internal maupun faktor eksternal. Kedua faktor tersebut berimplikasi terhadap proses dan bentuk pewarisan lariangi kepada generasi Kaledupa. Proses dan bentuk pewarisan utamanya dilakukan dalam lingkup keluarga inti yakni pewarisan dari orang tua kepada anak dan kerabat dekat yang terhimpun dalam satu bhakala. Selain itu pewarisan yang ditunjang oleh kebijakan pemerintah Wakatobi melalui program pariwisata sehingga regenerasi lariangi terbina di sanggar-sanggar sekolah dan bhakala setiap desa di Kecamatan Kaledupa.

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Lariangi which is presented in this research is one of a dance in Kaledupa, as as part of Wakatobi Regency in SouthEast Sulawesi. This research aims to reveal the process and form of lariangi inheritance in Kaledupa society. Revealing the process and form of inheritance in society of Kaledupa is done by using the ethnography and also the theory and concept of inheritance, oral tradition and formula. The result of this research shows that there is a change in performing process of lariangi. The change is caused both external and internal factors. Both factors imply to the inheritance process and form to Kaledupa generations. Inheritance process and form are mainly done in within the family namely from parents/senior to their children or another extended family. In other hand, the inheritance process is also supported by the Government Policy in Wakatobi through the tourism program so that the lariangi is well taught as the extracurricular at school and in every bhakala in every desa in Kaledupa."