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"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Ketrampilan menghisap dan koordinasi antara menghisap, menelan dan bernafas belum adekuat belum adekuat pada neonatur prematur. Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) adalah alat ukur yang telah sahih dan andal dalam menilai oromotor skill pada neonatus prematur. Penelitian ini ingin menguji validitas isi dan reliabilitas interrater dan test-retest yang diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Indonesia yang belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya.Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah uji validasi, terdiri dari 16 subjek yang diambil berdasarkan kriteria penerimaan; neonatus prematur, kondisi umum stabil dan diizinkan oleh orang tua dengan mengisi informed consent. Data berupa video saat menyusu diawali dari saat pertama bertemu peneliti hingga usia koreksi 40 minggu. Oromotor skill dinilai dengan NOMAS yang telah diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia. Validitas isi dilakukan dengan proses non-statistik; keandalan intrarater dinilai dengan uji Cohen?s Kappa dan Inter Class Correlation, keandalan interrater dengan uji Cronbach Alpha dan Inter Class Correlation.Hasil : Dari 16 neonatus didapatkan usia gestasi 32-35 minggu dan BBLR 93,75%. Secara isi NOMAS berbahasa Indonesia telah dinyatakan sesuai dengan NOMAS berbahasa Inggris. Keandalan intrarater bernilai baik hingga sempurna (K= 0,6-1,00 dan ICC= 0,4-1,00). Uji keandalan interrater bernilai rendah hingga hampir sempurna (Cronbach?s Alpha = 0,18-0,84 dan ICC= 0,05- 0,80).Kesimpulan : NOMAS berbahasa Indonesia mempunyai validitas isi dan reliabilitas yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai alat ukur oromotor skill pada neonatus prematur. Sebaiknya mengikuti pelatihan NOMAS agar lebih mengusai penggunaan alat ukur ini.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Sucking skills and the coordination between sucking, swallowing and breathing are inadequate on premature neonates. Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) is a measuring instrument that is both valid and reliable in assessing oromotor skills in premature neonates. The study aims to test the content validity and interrater reliability and test-retest reliability of NOMAS translated to Bahasa Indonesia which has never been done before.Methods : This study is a validation test, consisting of 16 subjects who were taken using the inclusion criteria; premature neonates, in stable general condition and allowed by their parents to participate in the study by filling out an informed consent. Data was collected in the form of a video taken during feeding, starting from the first meeting with the researcher until 40 weeks corrected age. Oromotor skills was assessed using NOMAS which has been translated into Bahasa Indonesia. Content validity was performed using non-statistical process; intrarater reliability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa test and Inter Class Correlation, and interrater reliability using Cronbach Alpha test and Inter Class Correlation.Results : Of the 16 neonates, a mean gestation age of 32-35 weeks and low birth weight incidence of 93.75% was found. The content of NOMAS in Bahasa Indonesia has been declared in accordance with NOMAS in English. Intrarater reliability was good to perfect (K= 0,6-1,00 and ICC= 0,4-1,00). Interrater reliability was low to almost perfect (Cronbach?s Alpha = 0,18-0,84 and ICC= 0,05- 0,80)Conclusion : NOMAS in Bahasa Indoensia has good content validity and reliability and can be used as a measuring tool for oromotor skills in premature neonates. NOMAS training is adviced to master the use of this measure., Background : Sucking skills and the coordination between sucking, swallowing and breathing are inadequate on premature neonates. Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) is a measuring instrument that is both valid and reliable in assessing oromotor skills in premature neonates. The study aims to test the content validity and interrater reliability and test-retest reliability of NOMAS translated to Bahasa Indonesia which has never been done before.Methods : This study is a validation test, consisting of 16 subjects who were taken using the inclusion criteria; premature neonates, in stable general condition and allowed by their parents to participate in the study by filling out an informed consent. Data was collected in the form of a video taken during feeding, starting from the first meeting with the researcher until 40 weeks corrected age. Oromotor skills was assessed using NOMAS which has been translated into Bahasa Indonesia. Content validity was performed using non-statistical process; intrarater reliability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa test and Inter Class Correlation, and interrater reliability using Cronbach Alpha test and Inter Class Correlation.Results : Of the 16 neonates, a mean gestation age of 32-35 weeks and low birth weight incidence of 93.75% was found. The content of NOMAS in Bahasa Indonesia has been declared in accordance with NOMAS in English. Intrarater reliability was good to perfect (K= 0,6-1,00 and ICC= 0,4-1,00). Interrater reliability was low to almost perfect (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0,18-0,84 and ICC= 0,05- 0,80)Conclusion : NOMAS in Bahasa Indoensia has good content validity and reliability and can be used as a measuring tool for oromotor skills in premature neonates. NOMAS training is adviced to master the use of this measure.]"

"Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan hiperbilirubinemia tak terkonjugasi adalah mutasi pada gen UGT1A1 yang menyandikan enzim UDP-glukuronosiltransferase, berupa single nucleotide polymorphism dari asam amino glisin menjadi asam amino arginin di posisi kodon 71 Gly71Arg , sehingga terjadi penurunan fungsi enzim tersebut sebagai pengatalisis bilirubin tak terkonjugasi menjadi bilirubin terkonjugasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil polimorfisme Gly71Arg gen UGT1A1 pasien neonatus RSUD M. Yunus-Bengkulu dengan hiperbilirubinemia tak terkonjugasi, khususnya yang berberat badan lahir normal. Sampel berupa darah dari 20 neonatus di RSUD M. Yunus Bengkulu yang telah diperiksa kadar bilirubinnya dengan Bilistick, diekstraksi untuk mendapatkan DNA genomiknya, kemudian dianalisis dengan metode PCR-RFLP menggunakan enzim AvaII. Terdapat 8 sampel DNA yang terdigesti 40 menunjukkan bahwa DNA tersebut normal dan membawa alel glisin, sedangkan tidak terdapat DNA yang tidak terdigesti, yaitu yang mengalami mutasi dengan membawa alel arginin. Namun terdapat 12 sampel DNA heterozigot 60 yang menunjukkan adanya alel glisin dan arginin bersamaan di dalam DNA tersebut. Dengan demikian, mutasi Gly71Arg pada ekson 1 gen UGT1A1 hanya memiliki sedikit pengaruh pada peningkatan kadar hiperbilirubinemia tak terkonjugasi pada neonatus di Bengkulu.

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One of many factors that causes unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is the existence of mutations in the UGT1A1 gene that encode the UDP glukuronosiltransferase enzyme, where a single nucleotide polymorphism that causes the amino acid glycine to change into amino acid arginine at codon position 71 Gly71Arg , decreases the enzyme from functioning properly as a catalyzer of unconjugated bilirubin into a conjugated bilirubin. This study is aimed to determine the profile of polymorphism Gly71Arg in the UGT1A1 gene of neonatal patients RSUD M. Yunus Bengkulu with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, especially with normal birth weight. Samples of blood from 20 newborns in RSUD M. Yunus Bengkulu which had been checked its bilirubin concentration with Bilistick, were extracted to obtain the genomic DNA, then analyzed by PCR RFLP method using the AvaII enzyme. The digested DNA with total of 8 samples 40 indicated that the DNA are normal and carrying the allele glycine, while there is no the undigested DNA which showed the mutation with the allele arginine. But there are 12 heterozygous DNA samples 60 that showed allele glycine and arginine together in the DNA. Therefore, Gly71Arg mutation in exon 1 of UGT1A1 gene has a little effect of the unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia enhancement in neonatal in Bengkulu."

"Secara global, sebanyak 15 juta bayi lahir secara prematur setiap tahunnya. Indonesia menempati peringkat kelima negara dengan angka kelahiran prematuritas tertinggi di dunia. Salah satu komplikasi utama pada bayi prematur adalah sepsis neonatorum. Sepsis neonatorum adalah respon inflamasi sistemik yang dapat terjadi pada neonatus diakibatkan oleh transmisi infeksi secara vertikal maupun melalui lingkungan. Dikarenakan oleh temuan klinis sepsis yang variatif, menyebabkan upaya mendiagnosis sepsis menjadi sullit dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, perlu diberlakukan profilaksis sepsis neonatorum pada bayi prematur, sehingga muncul prosedur oral care. Pemahaman mengenai kebermanfaatan dan keamanan prosedur oral care masih diperlukan untuk dapat menggunakan prosedur ini secara optimal. Tujuan. (1) Mengetahui karakteristik subjek penelitian berdasarkan karakteristik jenis kelamin, usia gestasi, berat lahir, usia ibu, dan jenis persalinan. (2) Mengetahui angka kejadian sepsis neonatorum pada bayi prematur yang mendapat dan tidak mendapat oral care. (3) Mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian oral care dengan kejadian sepsis neonatorum pada bayi prematur. Metode penelitian. Sebuah studi cross-sectional dilakukan pada populasi bayi prematur yang lahir di RSCM pada tahun 2015-2017. Sebanyak 42 sampel yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga Agustus 2018 dengan melihat rekam medis subjek penelitian yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis bivariat. Hasil penelitian. Jumlah total subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi pada penelitian ini adalah 42 bayi prematur. Karakteristik penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 52,4%, rerata usia gestasi 33 (24-36) minggu, rerata berat lahir 1569,24±493,3 gram, rerata usia ibu 30,5238±6,67 tahun, dan jenis persalinan sectio caesaria sebesar 85,7%. Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara pemberian oral care dengan kejadian sepsis neonatorum (P=0,030 ; RR=0,533 ; IK 95%=0,290-0,980). Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara usia gestasi dengan kejadian sepsis neonatorum pada subjek yang mendapat oral care (UG: 32-37 minggu = 91,7% subjek tidak sepsis ; P=0,003), serta hubungan bermakna antara berat lahir dengan kejadian sepsis neonatorum pada subjek yang mendapat oral care (BL: 1500-2499 gram = 100% subjek tidak sepsis ; P=0,002). Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian oral care dengan kejadian sepsis neonatorum pada bayi prematur di RSCM, terdapat penurunan kemungkinan terkena sepsis neonatorum sebesar 0,533 kali lipat.

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Introduction. Globally, it is estimated that there are 15 million premature infants born every year. Indonesia ranks fifth in the incidence of prematurity worldwide. One of the major complications of premature infants is neonatal sepsis. Neonatal sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response on infants caused by infections acquired vertically and enviromentally. Sepsis has a wide range of clinical findings, therefore it is hard to diagnose precisely. Therefore, profilactic measures to prevent neonatal sepsis is needed, and oral care rises as one of the solution. The understanding in regards of efficacy and safety of oral care is needed in order to be able to optimally utilize this procedure.

Objectives. (1) To determine the subject characteristic based on gender, gestational age, birth weight, maternal age, and mode of delivery. (2) To determine the incidence of neonatal sepsis in premature infants with or without the administration of oral care. (3) To determine the association between oral care administration and the incidence of neonatal sepsis in premature infants.

Methods. A cross-sectional study is done to premature infants born in RSCM in 2015-2017. 42 samples are chosen by simple random sampling. Data is collected from January to August 2018 by observing the medical records of the subject, and then continued to be analyzed using bivariate analysis.

Results. There are 42 subjects that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The characteristics of this study are, 52,4% subject is male, mean gestational age is 33 (24-36) weeks, mean birth weight is 1569,24±493,3 gram, mean maternal age is 30,5238±6,67 years, and 85,7% subject delivered by sectio caesaria mode. There is a significant association between oral care administration and the incidence of neonatal sepsis (P=0,030 ; RR=0,533 ; CI 95%=0,290-0,980). There is a significant association between gestational age and the incidence of neonatal sepsis in subjects receiving oral care (GA: 32-37 weeks = 91,7% subjects without neonatal sepsis ; P = 0,003), and a significant association between birth weight and the incidence of neonatal sepsis in subjects receiving oral care (BW: 1500-2499 gram = 100% subjects without neonatal sepsis ; P = 0,002).

Conclusion. There is a significant association between oral care administration and the incidence of neonatal sepsis in premature infants in RSCM, with the reduction of probability of the incidence of neonatal sepsis as much as 0,533 times higher."

"This popular book covers the “how-to” of the respiratory care of newborns in outline format. It includes case studies for self-review and is illustrated with high quality radiographic images, figures, tables, and algorithms. Written and edited by international experts, the Third Edition is a thorough update and remains a convenient source of practical information on respiratory physiology, exam techniques, tips for performing procedures, radiography, ventilation, pain management, transport, and discharge planning.·Up-to-date clinical information from world experts.·Case studies.·Easy-to-consult outline format.·Condensed information about all of the major mechanical ventilators (e.g., modes, displays, and alarms)."

"Pengetahuan ibu tentang merawat neonatus dapat diperoleh melalui buku KIA. Pengetahuan yang baik dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri ibu merawat neonatus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang perawatan neonatus yang didapat dari buku KIA terhadap kepercayaan diri ibu merawat neonatus. Penelitian ini mengggunakan desain cross sectional dengan consecutive sampling pada 76 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan ibu merawat neonatus dengan nilai cronbach alpha 0,760 dan kuesioner kepercayaan diri ibu (Maternal Confidence Questionnaire) dengan nilai cronbach alpha 0,81. Analisa data menggunakan uji t independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu merawat neonatus dengan kepercayaan diri ibu merawat neonatus (p=0,005). Pengetahuan ibu merawat neonatus melalui pendidikan prenatal tentang perawatan neonatus dengan menggunakan buku KIA penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri ibu merawat neonatus.

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Maternal knowledge in neonatal care can be obtained from mother-child handbook. Adequate knowledge can increase maternal self confidence in neonatal care. The purpose of this research is to reveal the association between maternal knowledge in neonatal care obtained from mother-child handbook with maternal self confidence in neonatal care. This study used cross-sectional survey on 76 respondents with consecutive sampling method. The questionnaire that used in this study were maternal knowledge in neonatal care questionnaire with Cronbach alpha 0,760 and maternal confidence questionnaire with Cronbach alpha 0,81. The result were presented with independent t-test. This study showed a significant difference between maternal knowledge in neonatal care with maternal self confidence in neonatal care (p=0,005). Maternal knowledge in neonatal care through prenatal education about neonatal care using mother-child handbook is important to improve maternal self confidence in neonatal care."

"Newborn Early Warning System (NEWS) dapat mengidentifikasi tanda perburukan melalui proses sistematisdengan memetakan tanda-tanda vital pasien. Tujuan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk menganalisis optimalisasi   asuhan keperawatam pada sistem peringatan awal neonatus menggunakan NEWS melalui pendekatan Teori Konservasi Levine. Metode karya ilmiah ini adalah studi kasus. Terdapat lima kasus neonatus yang dirawat di ruang perinatologi yang diberikan asuhan keperawatan dengan pendekatan Teori Konservasi Levine. Aplikasi Teori Konservasi Levine memperhatikan empat konservasi yaitu energi, struktural personal dan sosial. Intevensi keperawatan yang dilakukan berdasarkan evidence based dan intervensi lainnya. Peringatan awal dengan menggunakan NEWS terbukti efektif dalam mengidentifikasi bayi yang berisiko, memudahkan untuk melakukan intervensi secara tepat, meningkatkan kualitas hidup neonatus serta dapat meminimalkan morbiditas dan mortalitas

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The Newborn Early Warning System (NEWS) can identify signs of worsening through a systematic process by mapping the patient's vital signs. The purpose of this scientific work is to analyze the optimization of nursing care in the neonatal early warning system using NEWS through Levine's Conservation Theory approach. The method of this scientific work is a case study. There were five cases of neonates who were treated in the perinatology room and were given nursing care using Levine's Conservation Theory approach. Levine's application of Conservation Theory pays attention to four conservations: energy, structural, personal, and social. Nursing interventions are based on evidence-based and other interventions. Early warning using NEWS has proven to be effective in identifying at-risk babies, making it easier to make appropriate interventions, improving the quality of life of neonates, and minimizing morbidity and mortality."