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"[ABSTRAKKebijakan makroprudensial merupakan kebijakan yang dijalankan oleh Bank Indonesia untuk menanggulangi risiko sistemik pada sistem keuangan melalui instumennya antara lain Loan/Financing to value. Instrumen makroprudensial dimaksud sangat penting, khususnya untuk mencegah perilaku spekulasi pada sektor properti yang dapat menimbulkan krisis perekonomian. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan mengamanatkan koordinasi dan kerjasama antara otoritas makroprudensial (Bank Indonesia) dan otoritas mikroprudensial (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk pendalaman pengawasan makroprudensial, khususnya instrumen pengaturan Loan/Financing to Value di sektor properti dan kaitannya dengan pengawasan mikroprudensial perbankan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan serta dampaknya pada bank yang menyalurkan properti. Data dihimpun berdasarkan studi literatur dan peraturan terkait serta wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif interpretatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan dan pengawasan makropudensial yang merupakan kewenangan Bank Indonesia memiliki hubungan dan keterkaitan yang erat dengan pengaturan dan pengawasan mikroprudensial sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan serta karena memiliki area pengawasan yang sama yaitu perbankan. Selain itu, pengaturan susunan, kedudukan, kewenangan, tanggung jawab dan independensi Bank Indonesia, termasuk kewenangan pengaturan dan pengawasan makroprudensial haruslah dipandang bahwa pengaturan tersebut diatur sendiri dalam Undang-Undang Bank Indonesia. Ketentuan pembatasan pemberian kredit properti melalui instrumen ketentuan Loan/Financing to Value efektif untuk meredam meningkatnya penyaluran kredit/pembiayaan properti oleh bank, meskipun terdapat hal-hal yang perlu diwaspadai. Penelitian ini memberikan saran agar Forum Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan mampu memperkuat dan menjembatani Forum Koordinasi antara Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan mengamandemen Undang-Undang Bank Indonesia untuk memasukan pengaturan dan pengawasan makroporudensial pada Undang-Undang Bank Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTMacroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.;Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.;Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.;Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.;Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision., Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector’s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan moneter dan makroprudensial melalui risk taking bank di Indonesia. Pentingnya analisis jalur pengambilan risiko (risk-taking channel) dalam mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter karena termasuk jalur terbaru dan berbeda dengan jalur bank lending yang telah lama dikemukakan sebelumnya dalam teori kebijakan moneter. Risk-taking channel ini mempengaruhi penawaran kredit oleh perbankan melalui keputusan bank untuk menyalurkan kredit berdasarkan perubahan perilaku bank dalam menghadapi risiko bank. Penelitian ini juga menyadari dampak dari kebijakan moneter dan makroprudensial dan peran akan karakteristik dari bank, serta kondisi makroekonomi seperti pertumbuhan ekonomi dan tingkat inflasi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah fixed effect melalui data panel pada periode tahun 2012-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 jenis proksi untuk mengukur risiko bank. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dampak dari kebijakan moneter dan kebijakan makroprudensial secara signifikan memengaruhi risiko bank. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa risk taking channel eksis di perbankan Indonesia.

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This study aims to analyze monetary and macroprudential policies through risk taking banks in Indonesia. The importance of risk-taking channel analysis in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy is that it is a newer route and is different from the bank lending channel that has been previously proposed in monetary policy theory. This risk-taking channel affects the supply of credit by banks through the bank's decision to channel credit based on changes in bank behavior in dealing with bank risk. The study also recognizes the impact of monetary and macroprudential policies and the role of the characteristics of banks, as well as macroeconomic conditions such as economic growth and inflation rates. The analytical method used is fixed effects through panel data in the period 2012-2019. This study uses 3 types of proxies to measure bank risk. The results of this study found that the impact of monetary policy and macroprudential policy significantly affects bank risk. So it can be concluded that the risk-taking channel exists in Indonesian banking."

"Tren restukturisasi usaha atau disebut sebagai Kombinasi Bisnis dalam istilah akuntansi menjadi salah satu strategi bisnis yang menarik bagi perusahaan digital dalam mengambil tindakan reformasi untuk menunjang keberlangsungan usahanya. Penelitian ini membahas implementasi kebijakan penggunaan nilai buku pada kombinasi bisnis dan pertimbangan pajak di perusahaan digital, khususnya PT X Tbk. Tujuannya adalah menganalisis latar belakang perubahan kebijakan, implementasi kebijakan penggunaan nilai buku, dan motif pajak pada kombinasi bisnis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma post-positivist, melalui wawancara mendalam kepada Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP), Badan Kebijakan Fiskal, Akademisi, Praktisi, Asosiasi, serta PT X Tbk dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kebijakan penggunaan nilai buku pada PMK No 56/PMK.010/2021 merupakan upaya pemerintah dalam mendukung perkembangan industri bisnis dan meningkatkan penerimaan negara. Untuk implementasi kebijakan ini dinilai memadai dalam hal produktivitas, linearitas, dan efisiensi, meski masih ada catatan terkait informasi dan kepastian kebijakan. Kemudian, atas motif pertimbangan pajak dari penggunaan metode nilai pasar dan nilai buku hanya bergantung pada strategi dan kemampuan dari Wajib Pajak dalam menjalankan keputusan yang diambil untuk mendukung aksi kombinasi bisnis yang dilakukannya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis atas kasus pada PT X Tbk menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan menggunakan metode nilai pasar dan tidak memanfaatkan kebijakan nilai buku sesuai PMK No 56/PMK.010/2021 dalam pencatatan untuk perpajakan. Sementara itu, saran yang dapat disampaikan adalah DJP perlu menerbitkan sebuah ketentuan standar minimal yang mencakup kepastian terhadap ketentuan atas business purpose test dan mempersiapkan diri dalam menghadapi tren masa depan, dalam mengantisipasi perkembangan restrukturisasi usaha pada industri bisnis, baik perusahaan digital maupun perusahaan konvensional.

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The trend of business restructuring or referred to as Business Combinations in accounting terms is an attractive business strategy for digital companies in taking reform actions to support the sustainability of their businesses. This research discusses the implementation of the policy of using book value in business combinations and tax considerations in digital companies, especially PT X Tbk. The aim is to analyze the background to policy changes, implementation of policies on the use of book value, and tax motives for business combinations. This research uses a qualitative approach with a post-positivist paradigm, through in-depth interviews with the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP), Fiscal Policy Agency, Academics, Practitioners, Associations, PT X Tbk and literature studies. The research results show that this policy change is related to the government's efforts to support the development of the business industry and increase state revenues. Implementation of this policy is considered adequate in terms of productivity, linearity and efficiency, although there are still notes regarding information and policy certainty. Then, the motive for tax considerations from using the market value and book value methods only depends on the strategy and ability of the Taxpayer in carrying out the decisions taken to support the business combination action. Based on the results of the analysis of cases in PT X Tbk, it shows that the company uses the market value method and does not utilize the book value policy in accordance with PMK No. 56/PMK.010/2021 in recording for taxation. Meanwhile, the advice that can be conveyed is that the DJP needs to issue a minimum standard provision that includes certainty regarding the provisions regarding the business purpose test and prepares itself to face future trends, in anticipating developments in business restructuring in the business industry, both digital companies and conventional companies."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan penurunan batas nilai pembebasan tarif bea masuk untuk impor barang kiriman di Indonesia. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan dan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan landasan teori yang dikemukakan Edward III dengan empat dimensi yaitu komunikasi, sumberdaya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan implementasi kebijakan berdasarkan teori Edward III bahwa dimensi komunikasi telah dilaksanakan sesuai arahan para pelaksana, dimensi disposisi menunjukkan bahwa para pelaksana memiliki komitmen penuh untuk mencapai tujuan kebijakan , dan struktur birokrasi telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan fungsi dan wewenang masing-masing pelaksana. Namun, pada dimensi sumberdaya masih mengalami kendala dengan keterbatasan jumlah staf dalam pelaksanaanya.

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This study aims to analyze the Implementation for Decreasing of De Minimis Value Import Duty Exemption for Imported Goods in Indonesia. Researchers used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques of literature studies and in-depth interviews. This study uses the theoretical basis put forward by Edward III with four variables, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results of this study indicate that policy implementation is based on Edward III's theory that the communication dimension has been carried out according to the executors' directions, the disposition dimension shows that the executors are fully committed to achieving the policy objectives, and the bureaucratic structure has been carried out by the functions and authority of each executor. However, the resource dimension is still experiencing problems with the limited number of staff in its implementation."

"Penggunaan kendaraan listrik berbasis baterai dipandang sebagai solusi paling efektif untuk mengatasi permasalahan energi dan lingkungan pada sektor transportasi. Di Indonesia, EV secara resmi diberlakukan sebagai kendaraan alternatif pada tahun 2019 dengan memberlakukan beberapa kebijakan untuk mendorong baik itu perkembangan industri EV maupun penggunaan EV di Indonesia. Namun demikian, belum diketahui secara jelas apakah kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut secara efektif dapat meningkatkan penerimaan masyarakat terhadap EV sehingga bersedia untuk mengadopsinya. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis terhadap efektivitas kebijakan yang diterapkan pemerintah dalam rangka untuk mendorong implementasi EV di Indonesia. Analisis kebijakan dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamis. Sebuah model dinamis sistem adopsi EV dikembangkan untuk memeriksa hubungan kebijakan dengan peningkatan penerimaan masyarakat terhadap EV. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa penguatan infrastruktur dengan instalasi stasiun pengisian daya tipe ultra fast charging menjadi kebijakan yang paling efektif dalam meningkatkan penerimaan masyarakat. Sementara terkait kebijakan fiskal, kebijakan yang paling efektif adalah pembebasan pengendara EV dari pajak kendaraan bermotor.

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Battery electric vehicles is seen as the most effective solution to energy and environmental problems in the transportation sector. EV is officially treated as an alternative vehicle in Indonesia in 2019 by enacting several policies to encourage both the development of the EV industry and the use of EV in Indonesia. However, it is not clear whether these policies can effectively increase public acceptance in adopting EV. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of policies implemented by the government to encourage EV adoption in Indonesia. Policy analysis is carried out using a dynamic system approach. A dynamic model of EV adoption system was developed to examine the relationship between policy and increased public acceptance of EV. The results of this study indicate that strengthening infrastructure with installations of ultra-fast charging station is the most effective policy in increasing public acceptance. Meanwhile, the most effective fiscal policy is the exemption of EV drivers from annual tax. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of the promotion of EV to increase public knowledge of EV as a fundamental for adoption decision making."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa interaksi kebijakan moneter dan fiskal diIndonesia dalam dua periode sub-sampel yang ditandai dengan diberlakukannyaUndang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1999 tentang Bank Indonesia. Hasil darianalisa Vektor Autoregresi yang menyertakan lima variabel ekonomi makro ini(antara lain, tingkat pertumbuhan riil Produk Domestik Bruto, tingkat surplusfiscal, suku bunga SBI 1 bulan, tingkat inflasi, dan tingkat pertumbuhan kursRupiah atas Dollar Amerika Serikat) menunjukkan bahwa status independen BankIndonesia merubah interaksi antara kebijakan moneter dan fiskal, sebagaimanahalnya dengan cara pembuat kebijakan tersebut terhadap performa variabel makroekonomi lainnya.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze the monetary and fiscal policy interactionin Indonesia in the two sub-sample periods which was marked by the enactment ofAct Number 23 in 1999. Using a Vector Autoregression analysis whichincorporating macroeconomics variables, the results show that the independencestatus of the central bank of Indonesia which given by the new law changes theinteractions of monetary and fiscal policy, as well as the way the policymakersinfluencing the performance of targeted variables."

"Tesis ini membahas arah kebijakan fiskal pemerintah Indonesia dalam periode 2000 - 2009. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk : (1) menentukan efek kebijakan fiskal terhadap perekonomian; (2) mengetahui ketepatan arah kebijakan fiskal? apakah mengimbangi siklus ekonomi (countercyclical), netral (acyclical), atau mengikuti siklus ekonomi (procyclical); dan (3) mengetahui dampak stimulus fiskal yang diberikan pemerintah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif, yaitu ukuran fiscal impulse dan model vector autoregressive (VAR). Data yang digunakan adalah time series data.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) ekspansi (kontraksi) anggaran tidak serta merta memberikan pengaruh ekspansi (kontraksi) terhadap perekonomian. (2) arah kebijakan fiskal yang ditempuh pemerintah cenderung procyclical. (3) stimulus fiskal memberikan pengaruh yang tidak pasti terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.

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The focus of this study is the fiscal policy stance in Indonesia during 2000 - 2009. Research objectives are to : (1) determine the effects of fiscal policy on the economy; (2) to see the precise direction of fiscal policy conducted by the government in study period?whether counter the economic cycles (countercyclical), neutral (acyclical), or follow the economic cycle (procyclical); and (3) examine the impact of fiscal stimulus provided by the government. The study was conducted using quantitative approaches, namely a fiscal impulse measures and vector autoregressive model (VAR). The data used are time series data.The main results this research showed that (1) expansionary (contractionary) budget does not necessarily indicate the expansion (contraction) impact of the budget on economy. (2) fiscal policy stance pursued by the government is more likely procyclical. (3) the effect of fiscal stimulus on economic growth is uncertain."