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Gita Kartika Riama
"Kesehatan merupakan hak asasi setiap manusia. Hal ini telah diakui dalam instrumen hukum internasional, regional dan nasional. Sebagai hak asasi, hak tersebut harus dipenuhi berdasarkan prinsip non-diskriminasi, kesetaraan, dan International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1966 merupakan kovenan hukum yang paling signifikan dalam mengatur hak atas kesehatan secara umum. Hak atas kesehatan atau right to health sendiri diartikan sebagai hak setiap orang untuk mendapatkan fasilitas, produk, dan layanan kesehatan, (atau dengan kata lain, bukan sebagai hak dalam pengertian ?right to be healthy?). Ruang lingkup hak atas kesehatan sangatlah luas, yang juga mencakup faktor-faktor penentu kesehatan (determinants of health) dengan komponen-komponen penting, yaitu ketersediaan, aksesibilitas, akseptabilitas, dan kualitas. Kewajiban yang timbul bagi negara untuk memenuhi hak tersebut tidaklah cukup melalui langkah legislatif melainkan langkah-langkah lain yang perlu dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya secara maksimal.
Indonesia telah meratifikasi kovenan ini melalui Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2005 dan dengan demikian terikat pada ketentuan-ketentuan dalam ICESCR, salah satunya ketentuan mengenai hak atas kesehatan yang diatur dalam Pasal 12 ICESCR. Dalam hukum nasional, hak atas kesehatan telah diatur diantaranya dalam UUD 1945, UU No. 39 Tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, UU No. 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan, UU No. 40 Tahun 2009 Tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional, dan dalam Strategi Percepatan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Milenium (MDGs). Namun, walaupun secara legislatif hak atas kesehatan telah cukup baik diatur dalam hukum nasional, tetapi Indonesia belum menerapkan hak tersebut kepada rakyat Indonesia belum maksimal. Hal ini terlihat dari ketersediaan dan persebaran fasilitas dan tenaga kesehatan di setiap wilayah di Indonesia yang belum merata, sistem jaminan kesehatan yang tidak tepat sasaran dan kurang sosialisasi, dan kurang tersedianya obat-obatan esensial di sejumlah fasilitas kesehatan di Indonesia sehingga masyarakat tidak dapat mengakses obat-obatan esensial sebagaimana harusnya.

Health is a human right. It has been recognized in various international, regional, and national law instruments. As human rights, it has to be fulfilled based on the principles of non-discrimination and equity. International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1966 is the most significant law covenant which rules out the right to health universally. Right to health is defined as a right of every person to health facilities, goods, and services (or in another words, it is not a right to be healthy). The scope of right to health is very broad, since it includes the right to determinants of health as well, along with important components, namely availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality. Obligation arising out for the States to meet the right of health are not quiet through the legislative measures but also other steps necessary utilizing the maximum of its available resources to achieve the full realization of the rights.
Indonesia has ratified the Covenant through the Law No. 11/2005 and consequently it is bound to the provisions in ICESCR, which one of them is the right to health under Article 12 of ICESCR. Domestically, the right to health has been regulated in the Constitution of 1945, Law No. 39/1999 on Human Rights, Law No. 36/2009 on Health, Law No. 40/2009 on National Social Security System, and the Acceleration Strategy for the Achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, although the right to health is regulated well enough under its legislations, its implementation is not yet optimal. It is seen from the disparity of health facility and health workers availability and distribution in every region in Indonesia, the mistargeting in health security system and its lack of socialization, also the lack of essential medicines in a number of health facilities that should have been easily accessed by those who need it."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2015
S57870
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Saul, Ben
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014
341.48 SAU i
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Schmid, Evelyne
""Is the neglect of economic, social and cultural abuses in international criminal law a problem of positive international law or the result of choices made by lawyers involved in mechanisms such as criminal prosecutions or truth commissions? Evelyne Schmid explores this question via an assessment of the relationship between violations of economic, social and cultural rights and international crimes. Based on a thorough examination of the elements of international crimes, she demonstrates how a situation can simultaneously be described as a violation of economic, social and cultural rights and as an international crime. Against the background of the emerging debates on selectivity in international criminal law and the role of socio-economic and cultural abuses in transitional justice, she argues that international crimes overlapping with violations of economic, social and cultural rights deserve to be taken seriously, for much the same reasons as other international crimes"--"
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2015
345.056 SCH t
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Economic, social, and cultural rights are protected by an international covenant, recently amended by the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights which allows individuals to bring rights violations before a UN committee. This book addresses how successfully these rights are implemented and safeguarded worldwide, assessing the key challenges to their protection."
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014
341.48 ECO
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Giacca, Gilles
"Situations of actual or potential violence present a number of challenges to the application and implementation of human rights law in general and socio-economic rights obligations more specifically. This book sets out the legal framework, defining what constitutes a minimum universal standard of human rights protection applicable in all circumstances. It assesses the concept and content of ESC (Economic, Social, and Cultural) rights' obligations, and evaluates how far they can be legally applicable in various scenarios of armed violence. By looking at the specific human rights treaty provisions, it discusses how far ESC rights obligations can be affected by practical and legal challenges to their implementation. The book addresses the key issues facing the protection of such rights in times of armed conflict: the legal conditions to limit ESC rights on security grounds, including the use of force; the extraterritorial applicability of international human rights treaties setting out ESC rights; the relationship between human rights law and international humanitarian law; and the obligations of non-state actors under human rights law and with particular relevance to the protection of ESC rights. The book assesses the nature of these potential challenges to the protection of ESC rights, and offers solutions to reinforce their continued application."
Oxford: Oxford University press, 2014
341.67 GIA e
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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New York: Columbia University Press, 1981
341.48 INT
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Joseph, Sarah
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014
341.48 JOS i
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Young, Katherine G.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014
342.085 YOU c
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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