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"Skripsi ini membahas tentang indoktrinasi Manipol-USDEK pada masa demokrasi terpimpin. Masa demokrasi terpimpin ditandai dengan kekuasaan yang otoriter dengan peraturan yang terpusat. Kekuasaan otoriter digunakan oleh Sukarno untuk memberikan indoktrinasi Manipol-USDEK sebagai pedoman bagi rakyat. Melalui hal itu, indoktrinasi Manipol-USDEK terus diupayakan dengan berbagai macam regulasi yang mendukung indoktrinasi tersebut. Proses indoktrinasi akan dijelaskan sejak proses awal hingga berakhirnya rezim.

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The thesis is discussing about indoctrination of Manipol-USDEK in thu guided democracy.The guided democracy’s regime was signed the power of authoritarian with the central of authority. The power of authoritarian was used by Sukarno for taking the indoctrination of Manipol-USDEK as orientation by people. Because of that, the indoctrination of Manipol-USDEK made being effort with the regulations which support the indoctrination. The process of indoctrination had being explored since the beginning until the end."

"Skripsi ini membahas indoktrinasi ideologi politik kepada mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi pada masa Demokrasi Terpimpin tahun 1961 mdash;1967, dengan studi kasus Universitas Indonesia. Landasan ideologi Demokrasi Terpimpin didasarkan pada gagasan Manifesto Politik yang dirumuskan dari pidato presiden Soekarno pada tahun 1959. Lingkungan perguruan tinggi menjadi sasaran dari indoktrinasi politik yang dianggap strategis sebagai pusat perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Akan tetapi, berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, indoktrinasi politik gagal ditanamkan di Universitas Indonesia karena dianggap mengekang kebebasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang dilakukan dengan menelusuri arsip, laporan dan terbitan khusus pemerintah, surat kabar sezaman, arsip Universitas Indonesia dan wawancara dengan pelaku sejarah.

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This thesis explains the implementation of political indoctrination towards university students during the period of Guided Democracy from 1961 to 1967, with the case study of Universitas Indonesia. The ideological basis of Guided Democracy was the idea of Political Manifesto which was derived from President Soekarno rsquo s speech in 1959. As a primary locus for knowledge development, Universities was a ripe target for political indoctrination. However, findings suggests that such indoctrination was failed to be implemented at Universitas Indonesia as it was perceived as a restriction of freedom. This research implements historical methods, conducted by studying Government reports, archive and publications, newspaper clippings during the period, archives belonging to Universitas Indonesia and interviews with historical actors."

"On January 1, 1999, The Euro was officially launched. The Euro's mounting on European and world arena is the most significant event in international monetary sistem as well as international relation. Since the collapse of the Bretton Wood sistem. Certainly, the Euro will have a far-reaching influence on the dollar and international monetary system, European and world economic, political and financial framework and on Europe-US relations in particular. From a medium and long term point of view, the introduction of Euro will pose a grave challenge to the US Dollar and have significant impact on Europe-USA relations mainly as follows:Firstly. Euro will undermine the supremacy of the US Dollar in the financial field and take over the mantle of one of the leading international reserve currencies, rivaling the US Dollar.Second. Euro ushers in a breakthrough in the world trade framework which is being monopolized by US dollar, the Euro will come to he a new world trade transaction unit.Thirdly, Euro will break the monopoly of the US Dollar on international bond market.Fourthly, Euro will nibble at US vested interest derived from the US Dollar and thus affect US economy directly.Hence, the US will by no means sit by and watch the US Dollar losing its supremacy and give up the position of the US Dollar to the Euro. The US possibly will take the following measures to counter the challenge of Euro:first US will devalue its Dollar and thus boost the competitiveness of US commercials and in turn stimulate the domestic economic growth,second. US will revise some international economic rules under a favorable environment,third, in order to reduce its deficit US will urging Europe to open its economy,fourth} US will provoke trade war against the EU,fifth the US will take its advantageous position in various major international economic organization and financial institution to contain and retard the rise of Euro.Last but not least, US will provoke currency war, and one of them is Iraqi war. Iraqi war pertain not only to control over reserves of petroleum, control over money creation and credit is an integral part of the process of economic conquest. I use qualitative research and international realation theory as well as economic theory in this thesis. The conclusion of this thesis is that euro absolutely has significant influence to the US Dollar, International Monetary System as well as Trans-Atlantic relation between US and European Union nowadays and in the future."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi dampak kebijakan iklim Uni Eropa (EU) dan mengidentifikasi mekanisme hegemoninya terhadap berbagai aspek dan sektor yang ada di negara-negara ASEAN. EU sebagai aktor utama yang proaktif dalam penanganan masalah iklim global telah menghasilkan berbagai kebijakan, program, kerja sama, dan pengaruh-pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap negara maupun lembaga internasional di dunia, termasuk di wilayah ASEAN. Namun, rangkaian kebijakan dan program kerja sama iklim EU melalui mekanisme hegemoninya juga memberikan dampak negatif terhadap negara-negara ASEAN, khususnya Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filipina. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif eksploratif dengan pendekatan kritis. Teori hegemoni dari Gramsci dan teori politik hijau dari Andrew Dobson digunakan dalam penelitian. Penelitian mengumpukan data dari tahun 2015-2023, terhitung sejak diberlakukannya Paris Agreement hingga pemberlakuan kebijakan EU Deforestation-Free Regulation di tahun 2023. Studi ini menemukan bentuk baru dari hegemoni politik iklim EU dan mekanismenya. Analisis penelitian juga berhasil menjelaskan berbagai implikasi negatif dari kebijakan iklim EU terhadap berbagai sektor dan aspek yang ada di ketiga negara ASEAN. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa mekanisme hegemoni politik kebijakan iklim EU terhadap ketiga negara ASEAN cenderung lebih memenuhi kepentingan ekonomi dan politik EU. Adapun kebijakan iklim EU kontradiktif dengan prinsip pengelolaan lingkungan yang ada di dalam politik hijau.

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This research focuses on reconstructing the European Union's (EU) climate policy impacts and identifying their hegemonic mechanisms in aspects and sectors in ASEAN countries. As the primary actor that is proactive regarding global climate issues, the EU produces various policies, programs, cooperation, and substantial influences on countries, regions, and international institutions around the world, including in the ASEAN. Despite being proactive on the climate issue, the EU's climate cooperation efforts and programs function through hegemony and have negative implications for ASEAN countries, particularly Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philippines. This study applies a qualitative-explorative research method with a critical approach. Gramsci's theory of hegemony and Andrew Dobson's green political theory are utilized in the study. The research spans from 2015 to 2023, beginning with the Paris Agreement and concluding with the enforcement of the EU Deforestation-Free Regulation proposal in 2023. The study reveals new forms of EU climate political hegemony and its mechanisms. In addition, the analysis shows that the EU’s climate policies have negative impacts on aspects and sectors in the three ASEAN countries. The conclusion of this study suggests that the political hegemony mechanism of EU climate policy towards the three ASEAN countries tends to fulfill the EU’s economic and political interests. In addition, the EU's climate policies are contrary to green political values."

"Demokrasi deliberatif menawarkan sebuah atmosfir ideal bagi persekutuan hidup manusia dalam suatu tatanan negara. Komunikasi dalam proses pengambilan keputusan merupakan fitur utama yang ditawarkan oleh demokrasi deliberatif. Pertanyaannya kemudian, apakah ia benar benar bisa berfungsi secara ideal? Nyatanya, ada mekanisme hegemoni yang membuat proses dialogis dalam demokrasi deliberatif menjadi semu. Hegemoni ini disuntikkan dengan cara menyelebungi kepentingan partikular dengan nilai universal. Skripsi ini menelusuri kecurigaan tersebut, dengan contoh-contoh praktik demokrasi di Indonesia sebagai penjelas argumentasi teroretis yang ada.

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Deliberative democracy offers an ideal atmosphere for fellowship of human life in a state order. Communication in the decision-making process is the main feature offered by the deliberative democracy. The question then is whether its really could function ideal? In fact, there is a hegemony mechanism that makes the dialogical process in deliberative democracy becomes apparent. This hegemony is injected in a manner enveloped particular interest with universal values. This thesis explore these suspicions, with examples of democratic practice in Indonesia as an concrete explanation for the theoretical argument."

"[Konsep hegemoni seringkali digunakan dalam mempelajari ilmu hubunganinternasional, khususnya dalam istilah sistem internasional dan stabilitasinternasional. Konsep tersebut secara umum digunakan dalam media yangmembahas politik internasional. Namun terdapat kecenderungan bahwa adanyakekurangan keseragaman dalam memahami hegemoni secara umum. Ulasanliteratur ini memiliki sasaran untuk memperdalam inti dari konsep tersebut, yaituterkait pembuatannya. Untuk menjelaskan pembentukannya, ulasan inimengembangkan empat klasifikasi terkait bagaimana konsep hegemoni dapatterbentuk, yaitu prasyarat, karakteristik, ekspresi, dan sikap Negara-negarabawahan. Kemudian, tiga tipologi akan dikembangkan dari proses ini, seperipandangan Realis-Liberalis, pandangan Struktural, dan pandangan Rezim.Berbagai tipologi tersebut selanjutnya diimplementasikan dalam mempelajariperkembangan konsep hegemoni secara kronologis. Melalui studi secarakronologis, ulasan ini menemukan bahwa terdapat perubahan tren dalambagaimana pembentukan hegemoni dipandang, yang mana pada awalnyacenderung berfokus pada material power yang kemudian berkembang menjadibentuk hegemoni yang lebih kooperatif dan lebih lunak. Variasi dalam memahamipembentukan hegemoni dan juga bagaimana hal tersebut berubah seiring waktutersebut menunjukkan mengapa penggambaran dari hegemoni itu sendiriseringkali tidak terdapat kesatuan. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bagaimana duniapolitik kontemporer lebih berfokus pada perilaku multilateral dan kooperatifantara negara-negara daripada negara tunggal dalam jumlah yang lebih besar.Pada akhirnya, ulasan ini mengusulkan bahwa perkembangan terkini dari konsephegemoni dapat digunakan oleh negara-negara berkembang demi keuntunganmereka sendiri.;The concept of hegemony is often used in studying international relations,especially in terms of international system and international stability. It is acommonly used term in news of international politics. Nevertheless, itsconception is often not fully understood by those who use the term. It seems likethere is lack of uniformity in the common understanding of hegemony. Thisliterature review aims to deepen the core of the concept, which is its constitution.In order to explore its constitution, this review develops four classifications inhow hegemony is constituted, which are preconditions, characteristics, expression,and attitude of the subordinate states. Three typologies are developed from thisprocess, which are Realist-Liberalist view, Structural view, and Regime view.These typologies are then implemented in studying the development of theconcept of hegemony chronologically. Through the chronological study, thereview found that there was a change of trend in how the constitution ofhegemony is viewed, which initially tended to focus on material power whichlater developed into more softer, cooperative form of hegemony. The variation inunderstanding of the constitution of hegemony and also how it changed along thetime shows why the conception of hegemony is often not unitary. It also showedwhy the contemporary world politics focuses more on cooperative and multilateralbehaviors between states rather than preponderance of a single state. As a result,the review suggests that the current development of concept of hegemony couldbe utilized by the developing countries to their benefits.;The concept of hegemony is often used in studying international relations,especially in terms of international system and international stability. It is acommonly used term in news of international politics. Nevertheless, itsconception is often not fully understood by those who use the term. It seems likethere is lack of uniformity in the common understanding of hegemony. Thisliterature review aims to deepen the core of the concept, which is its constitution.In order to explore its constitution, this review develops four classifications inhow hegemony is constituted, which are preconditions, characteristics, expression,and attitude of the subordinate states. Three typologies are developed from thisprocess, which are Realist-Liberalist view, Structural view, and Regime view.These typologies are then implemented in studying the development of theconcept of hegemony chronologically. Through the chronological study, thereview found that there was a change of trend in how the constitution ofhegemony is viewed, which initially tended to focus on material power whichlater developed into more softer, cooperative form of hegemony. The variation inunderstanding of the constitution of hegemony and also how it changed along thetime shows why the conception of hegemony is often not unitary. It also showedwhy the contemporary world politics focuses more on cooperative and multilateralbehaviors between states rather than preponderance of a single state. As a result,the review suggests that the current development of concept of hegemony couldbe utilized by the developing countries to their benefits., The concept of hegemony is often used in studying international relations,especially in terms of international system and international stability. It is acommonly used term in news of international politics. Nevertheless, itsconception is often not fully understood by those who use the term. It seems likethere is lack of uniformity in the common understanding of hegemony. Thisliterature review aims to deepen the core of the concept, which is its constitution.In order to explore its constitution, this review develops four classifications inhow hegemony is constituted, which are preconditions, characteristics, expression,and attitude of the subordinate states. Three typologies are developed from thisprocess, which are Realist-Liberalist view, Structural view, and Regime view.These typologies are then implemented in studying the development of theconcept of hegemony chronologically. Through the chronological study, thereview found that there was a change of trend in how the constitution ofhegemony is viewed, which initially tended to focus on material power whichlater developed into more softer, cooperative form of hegemony. The variation inunderstanding of the constitution of hegemony and also how it changed along thetime shows why the conception of hegemony is often not unitary. It also showedwhy the contemporary world politics focuses more on cooperative and multilateralbehaviors between states rather than preponderance of a single state. As a result,the review suggests that the current development of concept of hegemony couldbe utilized by the developing countries to their benefits.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas representasi hegemoni ideologi intoleran dalam novel Perjalanan ke Akhirat (1969) karya Suherman, komik Siksa Neraka (1999) karya Rahimsyah, dan Kepedihan Siksa Neraka (2017) karya Rohim sebagai ekspresi budaya populer. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dan kajian hegemoni. Hasil dan analisis mengungkapkan bahwa hegemoni ideologi intoleran dalam karya sastra sebagai ekspresi budaya populer direpresentasikan melalui hukuman, siksaan, kritik, dan konstruksi identitas. Suherman, Rahimsyah, dan Rohim sebagai pengarang merepresentasikan hukuman, siksaan, kritik, dan konstruksi identitas yang merujuk pada konsep kafir dalam Periode Makkah Pertama hingga Ketiga. Ketiga pengarang memanfaatkan hukuman, siksaan, dan kritik terhadap tokoh-tokoh yang berdosa dan kafir agar pembaca menyadari pentingnya nilai dan moral. Sementara, konstruksi identitas dimanfaatkan agar pembaca menyadari keberadaan orang lain yang dilabeli kafir karena tidak sesuai dengan nilai dan moral keislaman yang sejalan dengan pemahaman pengarang. Dengan demikian, nilai dan moral keislaman dimanifestasikan pengarang untuk mengklasifikasikan para tokoh sebagai orang yang berdosa dan kafir sehingga layak mendapat hukuman dan siksaan di neraka.

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This research discusses the representation of hegemony intolerant ideology in the novel of Perjalanan ke Akhirat (1969) by Suherman, the comics of Siksa Neraka (1999) by Rahimsyah and Kepedihan Siksa Neraka (2017) by Rohim as an expression of popular culture. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a sociological approach of literature and hegemony analysis. The results and analysis reveal that hegemony intolerant ideology in literature as an expression of popular culture is represented in punishment, torture, criticism, and identity construction. Suherman, Rahimsyah, and Rahim, as an author represents punishment, torture, criticism, and identity construction that refer to the concept of kufr in the First to Third Meccan Period. Those three authors use punishment, torture, criticism, and identity construction for the characters who are sinful and kufr to make the reader realize the importance of values and morals. Meanwhile, identity construction is used to make the reader realize the existence of other people labeled as kufr because they are not in accordance with Islamic values and morals of the author's understanding. Thus, Islamic values and morals are manifested by the authors to classify the characters as sinners and kufr, so they deserve to receive punishment and torture in hell."