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"Komposit Al A356/SiC dapat dibuat melalui metode Stir Casting, metode ini dipilih Karen memiliki nilai ekonomis yang baik serta mampu mendistribusikan penguat SiC secara merata. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan variasi penambahan Vf dari SiC. Variasi yang digunakan yaitu 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Untuk meningkatkan kemampubasahan dari SiC pada Al A356 ditambahakn Mg sebesar 10%. Selain itu, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mekanis dari Al A356 sebagai matriks ditambahkan pula modifier AlSr sebesar 0,019% dan grain refiner TiB sebesar 0,11%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposit Al A356/SiC 20% Vf memiliki sifat mekanis yang lebih baik daripada yang lain. Nilai kekuatan tariknya mencapai 148,5 MPa lalu elongasinya sebesar 8,5% dan kekerasannya mencapai 35,1 HRB. Akan tetapi nilai mekanis ini masih dibawah dari Al A356 As cast maupun Al 356 dengan penambahan AlSr dan TiB. Fenomena ini disebabkan karena adanya interaksi antara Sr dan B dalam jumlah berlebih.

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Composite Al A356 / SiC can be made through methods Stir Casting, methods have been because has a good economic value and be able to evenly distribute the SiC reinforcement. In this study, the addition %Vt variation of SiC. Variation used is 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. To improve wettability of SiC in Al A356 added 10% Mg. Then, to improve the mechanical properties of Al A356 as a matrix also added m 0.019% modifier AlSr and 0.11% grain refiner TiB.

The results showed that the composite Al A356 / SiC 20% Vf have better mechanical properties than others. The ultimate tensile strength reach 148.5 MPa with 8.5% elongation. Hardness values reach 35.1 HRB. However, the value is still below the mechanical Al A356 As cast and Al 356 with the addition AlSr and TiB. This phenomenon is due to the interaction between Sr and B in excess amount."

"Metode fabrikasi material komposit paduan Al 6061 dengan penambahan partikel mikro SiC dipilih menggunakan metode pengecoran aduk karena mampu mendistribusikan partikel penguat SiC dan memiliki nilai ekonomis yang baik. Material ini kemudian diharapkan memiliki sifat mekanis yang baik dengan densitas yang relatif rendah.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan variasi penambahan volume fraksi dari partikel miro SiC sebesar 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, dan 10% untuk mengetahui nilai optimal dari penambahan partikel penguat. Penambahan Mg sebesar 10 wt.% dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampubasahan dan penambahan Sr dan TiB dilakukan untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanis dari material komposit. Kemudian didapatkan nilai kekuatan tarik, elongasi, dan kekerasan memiliki nilai maksimal pada penambahan partikel penguat SiC sebesar 10 wt.% dengan nilai masing-masing 230 MPa, 6,5%, dan 62,2 HRB. Sedangkan nilai kekuatan impak memiliki nilai optimum pada penambahan partikel penguat sebesar 4% dengan nilai 0.0294 Joule/mm2. Kemudian juga didapatkan bahwa persentase porositas terus meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan volume fraksi dari partikel penguat.

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Manufacturing of composite material Aluminum Alloy (Al-Mg-Si) with the addition of micro SiC particles reinforcement chosen using stir casting method because it can be able to evenly distribute the SiC particles reinforcement and has a good economic value. Then this addition of SiC particles predicted will improved the mechanical properties and density of the materials.

In this study, the addition of micro particles volume fraction in the amount of SiC 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% were used in order to know the optimum volume fraction. The addition of Mg 10 wt.% were used as wetting agent to increase the wettability between matrix and reinforce and the addition of AlSr and TiB were used to increase the mechanical properties. As a result, the ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and hardness value has a maximum value in addition of micro particles volume fraction in the amount of SiC 10 wt.%with the value up to 230 MPa, 6,5%, dan 62,2 HRB. However, the impact value and hardness value has a optimum value in addition of micro particles volume fraction in the amoung of SiC 4% with the value 0.0294 Joule/mm2. The percentages of porosity were increased along with the increase of micro particles volume fraction."

"Material kampas rem yang digunakan sebelumnya yaitu besi cor kelabu grey cast iron dan polimer. Besi cor kelabu memiliki kecendrungan dengan percikan api karena memiliki gaya friksi yang tinggi dan memiliki berat hingga 11-12 kg. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan komposit matriks aluminium ADC 12 dengan partikel penguat SiC, karena memberikan sifat kekuatan yang tinggi, modulus elastisitas yang baik, serta tahan terhadap thermal shock. Komposit dengan matriks Aluminium ADC 12 dengan penambahan variasi partikel penguat SiC 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3 vf serta penambahan Sr 0.03 wt untuk merubah morfologi dari fasa eutektik silikon yang terbentuk menjadi bentuk yang halus sehingga dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis dan TiB 0.15wt sebagai penghalus butir dan penambahan Mg sebanyak 5 wt untuk meningkatkan kemampubasahan partikel penguat SiC, fabrikasi dilakukan dengan metode pengecoran aduk. Karakterisasi dan pengujian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pengujian komposisi kimia, pengujian mikrostruktur, pengujian SEM-EDS, pengujian XRD, pengujian densitas dan porositas, pengujian tarik, pengujian aus, pengujian aus, pengujian impak, dan pengujian kekerasan. Terdapat peningkatan sifat mekanis pada komposit aluminium ADC 12 dibandingan material dasar aluminium ADC 12 seperti kekuatan tarik komposit ADC12/SiC mencapai 144 Mpa dan kekerasan 53HRB.

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Brake Shoe material used previously was gray cast iron and polymer. Gray cast iron has a tendency to sparks because of high friction and weighs up to 11 12 kg. In this study aluminium ADC 12 o SiC composite was fabricated by stir casting process with varied of SiC from 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3 vf and addition of 0.03 wt Sr to change the morphology of the silicone eutectic phase into a fine form so as to increase the mechanical properties and TiB 0.15wt as a grain refiner and the addition of 5 wt Mg to increase the wettability. The composites were characterised both mechanical properties and microstructure. The results showed that there is an increase in the mechanical properties of aluminium ADC 12 SiC composite compared to unreinforced with the value of 144 MPa of strength and 53 HRB of hardness."

"Umumnya material blok rem kereta api terbuat dari material besi cor yang mudah mengalami aus, membutuhkan biaya pemasangan yang tinggi, dan mempunyai umur pakai yang sebentar sehingga tidak efisien. Maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai bahan yang mempunyai sifat-sifat yang dibutuhkan sehingga dapat dijadikan alternatif dalam membuat blok rem kereta. Alternatif yang menjadi unggulan adalah menggunakan komposit dengan matriks logam aluminium. Matriks aluminium dipilih karena massanya yang ringan, ketahanan korosinya yang tinggi, dan nilainya yang sangat ekonomis. Dalam penelitian ini, komposit dibuat dari aluminium ADC12 sebagai matriks, lalu ditambahkan juga partikel SiC sebesar 3 vf yang berperan sebagai penguat. Selain itu, terdapat penambahan unsur stronsium dengan variasi penambahan sebanyak 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, dan 0.08 wt sebagai agen pemodifikasi mikrostruktur kasar yang biasa terdapat pada aluminium tuang. Dengan adanya modifikasi pada mikrostruktur tersebut maka dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis material. Penambahan magnesium sebanyak 5 wt. dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampubasahan matriks aluminium dengan penguat SiC. Proses fabrikasi komposit ini menggunakan metode pengecoran aduk dikarenakan ekonomis, cepat, dan dapat menghasilkan produk dalam jumlah massa. Pengujian tarik, keras, aus, impak, densitas porositas, pengamatan mikrostrukture, OES, SEM-EDS, dan XRD dilakukan untuk mengkarakterisasi mikrostruktur dan sifat mekanis dari komposit aluminium. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sifat mekanis terbaik ditemukan pada penambahan Sr sebanyak 0.03 wt, dimana mempunyai kekuatan tarik sebesar 131 MPa, 52 HRB, dan 0.0775 J/mm2 untuk ketahanan impaknya. Lalu, hasil dari pengujian menggunakan SEM-EDS dan XRD, ditemukan fasa intermetallik termasuk fasa Mg2Si primary dan binary yang juga ditemukan dalam pengamatan metalografi.

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Generally, train brake shoe material is made of cast iron that is easy to wear, requires high installation costs, and has a short lifetime, we could say it is so inefficient. So, in this paper we focused on the research of materials that have the properties needed so that can be used as an alternative in making the brake shoe. Metal matrix composite possess siginificantly improved properties that can be an alternative to replace materials for manufacturing purposes. So, in this study we use metal composite with aluminium ADC 12 as the matrix with Silicon Carbide as the reinforced and a variation addition of Strontium as the modifier, because aluminium as a matrix has a light weight, cheaper, good strength, good castability, and has a good corrosion resistance. In this paper, we focused on the investigation of the effects of Sr addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of composite ADC12 with 3 vf SiC and 5 Magnesium to improve the wettability fabricated by stir casting method. The variation of strontium to be added is 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.08 wt. Microstructure test, OES, SEM EDS, XRD test, tensile strength, hardness test, wear resistance, impact resistance, and density and porosity test were performed to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the aluminium composite. The result of this study is the best mechanical properties found in 0.03 wt, it has 131 MPa for tensile strength ,52 HRB, and 0.0775 J mm2 for impact value. Then, from the SEM EDS and XRD results, intermetallic phases including Mg2Si primar and binary phases were detected in metallographic examination."

"[ABSTRAKKomposit nano Al A356 berpenguat partikel Al2O 3 berpotensi untuk meningkatkan kekuatan sifat mekanis tanpa mengorbankan keuletan pada matriks. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan variasi penambahan fraksi volume dari partikel nano Al2O 3 sebesar yaitu 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. Untuk meningkatkan kemampubasahan dari Al2O 3 pada Al A356 ditambahakn Mg sebesar 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposit Al A356/Al2O 3 dengan 0.5% Vf memiliki sifat mekanis yang lebih baik daripada yang lain. Nilai kekuatan tariknya mencapai 140,3 MPa lalu elongasinya sebesar 9,563% dan kekerasannya mencapai 46,2 HRB. Akan tetapi nilai mekanis dari kekuatan tarik masih dibawah dari Al A356 As cast maupun Al 356. Fenomena ini disebabkan karena adanya porositas dan persebaran partikel nano yang tidak merata.ABSTRACTAluminium A356 nano composite reinforced with Al2O 3 particle have a potential to increase mechanical properties while maintaining good ductility. In this study, the addition %Vt variation of Al2O 3. Variation used is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. To improve wettability of Al2O 3 in Al A356 addes 10% Mg. The results showed that the composite Al A356 / SiC 0,5% Vf have better mechanical properties than others. The ultimate tensile strength reach 140.3 MPa with 9.56% elongation. Hardness value reach 46,2.1 HRB. However, the value of ultimate tensile strength is still below the mechanical Al A356 As cast and Al 356. This phenomenon is due to the porosity and bad particle dispersion.;Aluminium A356 nano composite reinforced with Al2O 3 particle have a potential to increase mechanical properties while maintaining good ductility. In this study, the addition %Vt variation of Al2O 3. Variation used is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. To improve wettability of Al2O 3 in Al A356 addes 10% Mg. The results showed that the composite Al A356 / SiC 0,5% Vf have better mechanical properties than others. The ultimate tensile strength reach 140.3 MPa with 9.56% elongation. Hardness value reach 46,2.1 HRB. However, the value of ultimate tensile strength is still below the mechanical Al A356 As cast and Al 356. This phenomenon is due to the porosity and bad particle dispersion.;Aluminium A356 nano composite reinforced with Al2O 3 particle have a potential to increase mechanical properties while maintaining good ductility. In this study, the addition %Vt variation of Al2O 3. Variation used is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. To improve wettability of Al2O 3 in Al A356 addes 10% Mg. The results showed that the composite Al A356 / SiC 0,5% Vf have better mechanical properties than others. The ultimate tensile strength reach 140.3 MPa with 9.56% elongation. Hardness value reach 46,2.1 HRB. However, the value of ultimate tensile strength is still below the mechanical Al A356 As cast and Al 356. This phenomenon is due to the porosity and bad particle dispersion., Aluminium A356 nano composite reinforced with Al2O 3 particle have a potential to increase mechanical properties while maintaining good ductility. In this study, the addition %Vt variation of Al2O 3. Variation used is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. To improve wettability of Al2O 3 in Al A356 addes 10% Mg. The results showed that the composite Al A356 / SiC 0,5% Vf have better mechanical properties than others. The ultimate tensile strength reach 140.3 MPa with 9.56% elongation. Hardness value reach 46,2.1 HRB. However, the value of ultimate tensile strength is still below the mechanical Al A356 As cast and Al 356. This phenomenon is due to the porosity and bad particle dispersion.]"

"Penggunaan komposit logam banyak digunakan pada pesawat terbang, otomotif, dan transportasi dikarenakan memiliki sifat mekanis yang baik. Pada penelitian ini penambahan fraksi volum Al2O3 sebagai penguat sebesar 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% kedalam matriks logam Al356 dilakukan untuk melihat titik optimal penambahan partikel Al2O3. Penambahan grain refiner TiB dan modifier Sr dilakukan untuk melihat perubahan ukuran butir dan struktur Si secara kualitatif. Magnesium 10% ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan pembasahan antara partikel Al356 dengan penguat Al2O3. Proses fabrikasi dilakukan dengan metode pengecoran dan aduk karena memiliki nilai ekonomis dibanding dengan metode pengecoran lain.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan penambahan partikel Al2O3 dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis dari aluminium terutama mencapai titik optimal pada fraksi volum 10%. Kekuatan tarik mencapai 162MPA dengan elongasi 7,67%, dan kekerasan mencapai 44,12 HRB. Pengamatan struktur mikro dilakukan dengan melihat dengan mikroskop optik dan SEM. Hasil pengamatan mikrostruktur menunjukkan adanya penghalusan butir matriks Al356 dan perubahan mikrostruktur Si dari lamelar menjadi berserabut. Peningkatan porositas terjadi seiring dengan penambahan fraksi volum Al2O3 yang menyebabkan turunnya sifat mekanis dari komposit

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Nowadays, using of metal composite for aircraft, automotive, and transportation has been chosen due to the good mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to look at the optimal point particle addition of Al2O3 with the addition of volume fraction of Al2O3 for 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% into the aluminium Al356 as matrix. Besides, the addition of grain refiner TiB and modifier Sr performed to see the changes in grain size and structure of Si with qualitative method. 10% of magnesium was also added into this composite to increase the wet ability between matrix of Al356 and reinforcer of Al2O3. The fabrication process is done by stir casting method because its economic value compared to other casting methods.

The result of this study shows that the addition of Al2O3 can increase the mechanical properties of aluminium, and it achieves the optimum point at the addition of 10% of volume fraction. The tensile strength reaches 162 MPA with 7,67% elongation, and the hardnessis 44,12 HRB. Microstructure observation was done by optical microscope and SEM. The result of observation of microstructure shows the increase of grain boundary of the matrix of Al356, and the change of the microstructure of Si from lamellar into fibrous. Increased of porosity happen along with the additions of the volume fraction of Al2O3 which led to the decreased of the mechanical properties of metal composite."

"Composite Al A6061 / SiC can be made through methods Stir Casting, this method has been used widely because has middle cost and able to distribute the SiC particle well. This research use variation of SiC, from 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, and 15%. To enhance the wettability between particle and matrix, Mg 10% was added to the molten aluminium. The result showed that the addition of 10% SiC is optimum among others, with tensile strength reach 247,8 Mpa, elongation 7,04846 % and hardness 54,333 HRB. This mechanical properties is better than the Al A6061 as cast. From datas above, it can be concluded that the more SiC being added, will improve the mechanical properties of material. However, if SiC pass the optimum value, the SiC tend to agglomerated and will deterioriate the mechanical properties of Al A6061/SiC. ;Composite Al A6061 / SiC can be made through methods Stir Casting, this method has been used widely because has middle cost and able to distribute the SiC particle well. This research use variation of SiC, from 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, and 15%. To enhance the wettability between particle and matrix, Mg 10% was added to the molten aluminium. The result showed that the addition of 10% SiC is optimum among others, with tensile strength reach 247,8 Mpa, elongation 7,04846 % and hardness 54,333 HRB. This mechanical properties is better than the Al A6061 as cast. From datas above, it can be concluded that the more SiC being added, will improve the mechanical properties of material. However, if SiC pass the optimum value, the SiC tend to agglomerated and will deterioriate the mechanical properties of Al A6061/SiC. ;Composite Al A6061 / SiC can be made through methods Stir Casting, this method has been used widely because has middle cost and able to distribute the SiC particle well. This research use variation of SiC, from 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, and 15%. To enhance the wettability between particle and matrix, Mg 10% was added to the molten aluminium. The result showed that the addition of 10% SiC is optimum among others, with tensile strength reach 247,8 Mpa, elongation 7,04846 % and hardness 54,333 HRB. This mechanical properties is better than the Al A6061 as cast. From datas above, it can be concluded that the more SiC being added, will improve the mechanical properties of material. However, if SiC pass the optimum value, the SiC tend to agglomerated and will deterioriate the mechanical properties of Al A6061/SiC. "

"[Komposit paduan aluminium A356 berpenguat silikon karbida memiliki potensi untuk memiliki sifat mekanik yang baik dengan massa yang rendah. Pada penelitian ini, pengecoran dilakukan melalui metode pengecoran aduk dengan menambahakan silikon karbida dengan presentase 2%, 5%, 8%, 10% dan 15% fraksi volume ke dalam matriks, serta penambahan magnesium 10% fraksi berat sebegai agen pembasahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kekuatan tarik mencapai nilai optimum pada penambahan 8%. Selain itu, sifat kekerasan meningkat seiring dengan penambahan partikel penguat yang juga menyebabkan turunnya laju keausan. Karakterisasi struktur mikro menunjukkan terbentuknya huruf cina serta Mg2Si utama dan eutektik.

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Aluminium alloy A356 composite strengthened by silicon carbide particles has the potential to have good mechanical properties with low mass. In this study, casting was done by stir casting method by added silicon carbide 2%, 5%, 8%, 10% dan 15% volume fraction, also magnesium 10% weight fraction as a wetting agent. The results showed that the increase in tensile strength reach optimum point on the 8%. In addition, the nature of hardness increased with the addition of silicon carbide which also cause a decrease in the wear rate. Microstructure characterization showed the presence of chineese script, primary and eutectic Mg2Si.

, Aluminium alloy A356 composite strengthened by silicon carbide particles has the potential to have good mechanical properties with low mass. In this study, casting was done by stir casting method by added silicon carbide 2%, 5%, 8%, 10% dan 15% volume fraction, also magnesium 10% weight fraction as a wetting agent. The results showed that the increase in tensile strength reach optimum point on the 8%. In addition, the nature of hardness increased with the addition of silicon carbide which also cause a decrease in the wear rate. Microstructure characterization showed the presence of chineese script, primary and eutectic Mg2Si.

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"Komposit aluminium A356/nano SiC dapat menjadi material alternatif blok rem kereta dikarenakan sifatnya yang ringan, ulet, dan dapat ditingkatkan sifat mekanisnya. Pada penelitian ini digunakan variasi penambahan %Vf nano SiC sebesar 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, dan 0.25% ke dalam matriks aluminium A356, serta dilakukan penambahan modifier Sr 0.046 wt% dan Mg 2 wt%.Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan peningkatan kekuatan yang optimum sebesar 175.45 MPa dengan elongasi sebesar 7.914% pada penambahan nano SiC 0.10 %Vf. Ketahanan aus juga meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan kekerasan komposit A356/nano SiC. Sedangkan kekuatan impak hanya berkurang sedikit akibat penambahan %Vf nano SiC. Peningkatan kekuatan mekanis terjadi akibat terbentuknya fasa MgAl2O4 pada antarmuka partikel nano SiC dan matriks Al A356 dan persentase porositas yang kecil. Penambahan modifier Sr menyebabkan fasa Si eutektik yang terbentuk menjadi halus.

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A356/nano SiC composite is an alternative material as train?s brake shoe because of its light weight, ductility, and the ability to improve its mechanical properties. In this work, the casting is done via stir casting method by various additions of 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.25% volume fraction. Small amounts of Sr (0.046 wt%) and 2 wt% of Mg are also added into A356 matrix.

The results show the optimum UTS reach 175.45 MPa with elongation of 7.914% at addition of 0.10 %Vf nano SiC. The wear resistance of this composite also increase as the hardness increases as increasing of addition of nano SiC particle. Meanwhile, the impact strength just slightly decreases as the increasing of nano SiC addition. The improvement of mechanical properties of A356/nano SiC composite is contributed by formation of thin layer MgAl2O4 surrounding the nano SiC particles and low percentage of porosity. The addition of Sr caused the morphology of eutectic Si in the microstructure fine and fibrous."

"Komposit Aluminium 6061 berpenguat nanopartikel SiC dibuat menggunakan metode pengecoran aduk, dimana ditambahkan unsur Mg 10% untuk mengoptimalkan pembasahan antara matriks dan penguat serta penambahan grain refiner Al-TiB untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dari material. Penambahan fraksi volume nanopartikel sebesar 0,05%, 0,10%, 0,15%, 0,20%, dan 0,30% dilakukan untuk mengetahui fraksi volume optimal.Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kekuatan tarik maksimum sebesar 217,2 Mpa pada penambahan 0,15%vf dengan elongasi optimal 6% pada penambahan 0,20%vf. Nilai kekerasan terus meningkat seiring dengan penambahan fraksi volume, akan tetapi harga impak terus menurun seiring dengan penambahan fraksi volume. Porositas yang terbentuk semakin meningkat seiring dengan penambahan fraksi volume nanopartikel SiC. Penambahan unsur Al-TiB menghasilkan ukuran butir yang lebih kecil dan persebaran partikel serta porositas yang lebih merata.

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Aluminium 6061 composite reinforced with nanoparticles SiC produced by stir casting with the addition of Magnesium 10% as wetting agent to optimize wettability between matrix and reinforcement and addition of Titanium Boron as grain refiner to increase mechanical properties. In this study, addition of nano-particles volume fraction in the amount of SiC 0.05 %, 0.10 %, 0.15 %, 0.20 %, and 0.30 % were used in order to known the optimum volume fraction.As the result, the maximum of ultimate tensile strength is 271,2 Mpa in addition of 0,15%vf, with maximum elongation up to 6% in additon of 0,20%vf. Hardness value continues to rise with the addition of volume fraction, but the impact properties declines steadily with the addition of volume fraction. Porosity percentage increase with the addition of nanoparticles SiC."