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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Interleukin-6 Receptor (IL-6R) adalah reseptor IL-6 yang mempunyai peranan sangat besar terhadap patogenesis periodontitis. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukan bahwa polimorfime gen IL-6R A/C akan berakibat pada kerentanan seseorang terhadap periodontitis. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran polimorfisme gen IL-6R A/C pada penderita periodontitis dan melihat perbedaan distribusi antara periodontitis dan orang sehat. Metode : Teknik PCR-RFLP digunakan untuk menganalisis polimorfisme pada 50 sampel periodontitis dan 50 sampel kontrol, menggunakan enzim restriksi Hinf I. Hasil : Frekuensi alel C pada sampel kontrol (81%) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan sampel periodontitis (64%). Mayoritas pada sampel periodontitis (92%) maupun kontrol (94%) mempunyai genotip polimorfisme. Kesimpulan : Pada penelitian ini ditemukan gambaran polimorfisme gen IL-6R A/C pada penderita periodontitis, namun tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara distribusi polimorfisme gen IL-6R A/C pada periodontitis dan individu normal (p=1,00).

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ABSTRACTBackground: Interleukin 6-Receptor (IL-6R) is a receptor of Interleukin 6 that plays a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Studies have shown that polymorphisms of IL-6R gene affects host susceptibility to periodontitis. Aim: This study aimed to describe the distribution of IL-6R A/C gene polymorphisms in periodontitis patients and to observe the difference distribution of IL-6R A/C gene polymorphisms in periodontitis patients and control. Methods: PCR-RFLP technique was used to analyze in 50 peridontitis samples and 50 controls, using restriction enzyme Hinf I. Results: C allele frequency in control (81%) was more than in periodontitis samples (64%). Majority of periodontitis samples (92%) and control (94%) have polymorphic genotypes. Conclusion: This study found the distribution of IL-6R A/C gene polymorphisms in control and periodontitis samples, but no significant difference was found in the IL-6R A/C gene polymorphisms between periodontitis patients and healthy individuals (p=1,00)."

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis merupakan salah satu kondisi periodontal yang dapat menyebabkan poket periodontal. Terdapat berbagai metode perawatan poket periodontal, salah satunya adalah Guided Tissue Regeneration. Penelitian mengenai persepsi dan preferensi Dokter Gigi Spesialis Periodonsia di Indonesia mengenai penggunaan membran GTRpada terapi regeneratif jaringan periodontal belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mendapatkan persepsi dan preferensi dokter gigi spesialis periodonsia di Indonesia mengenai penggunaan membran GTR. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner kepada dokter gigi spesialis periodonsia di Indonesia. Hasil: 93 responden melakukan bedah regeneratif GTR dengan mayoritas 1-3 bedah setiap bulan dengan indikasi 2-3 wall defect. GTR dilakukan menggunakan membran resorbable collagen karena memberikan hasil perawatan yang lebih baik dengan parameter keberhasilan pertumbuhan tulang secara radiografi dan persentase kesuksesan sebesar 75%. Alasan responden tidak melakukan GTR karena biaya cukup tinggi. Responden puas dan percaya diri dengan teknik GTR dan setuju penggunaan material dari hewan, manusia dan sintetis. Jumlah bedah regeneratif periodontal GTR oleh dokter gigi spesialis periodonsia di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh lama praktik dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh domisili daerah praktik. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan persepsi dan preferensi dokter gigi spesialis periodonsia di Indonesia dalam penggunaan teknik GTR pada terapi jaringan periodontal regeneratif dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara jumlah bedah regeneratif periodontal GTR oleh dokter gigi spesialis periodonsia dan lama praktik.

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Background: Periodontitis is one of the periodontal conditions that can cause periodontal pockets. There are various methods of treating periodontal pockets, one of which is Guided Tissue Regeneration. Research on the perceptions and preferences of Periodontists in Indonesia regarding the use of GTR membranes in periodontal tissue regenerative therapy has never been conducted in Indonesia.

Objective: Obtain the perceptions and preferences of periodontists in Indonesia regarding the use of GTR membranes.

Methods: Descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach using a questionnaire to periodontists in Indonesia.

Results: 93 periodontists in Indonesia performed GTR with the majority of surgeries performed 1-3 times a month and indications of 2-3 wall defects. GTR is performed using a resorbable collagen membrane because it provides better treatment results with radiographic parameters of bone growth success and a treatment success rate of 75%. The reason respondents did not do the GTR was because the cost was quite high. Respondents were satisfied and confident with the GTR technique and agreed to use animal, human and synthetic materials. The number of GTR periodontal regenerative surgeries by periodontists in Indonesia is influenced by length of practice and not by domicile in the practice area.

Conclusion: There are differences in the perceptions and preferences of periodontists in Indonesia regarding the use of the GTR technique in regenerative periodontal tissue therapy and there are significant differences between the number of GTR regenerative periodontal surgeries by periodontists and the length of practice.

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"Latar Belakang: Pada klasifikasi periodontitis menurut AAP tahun 2017 periodontitis dilihat dari stage yaitu berdasarkan tingkat keparahan dan kompleksitas, dan juga grade berdasarkan progresivitas dari periodontitis tersebut. Setiap stage dan grade memiliki rencana perawatan yang berbeda. Dalam pemutusan grade terdapat modifying factor yang dapat mempengaruhi diagnosis pasien. Pada penulisan rekam medik setiap gigi diberikan prognosis yang sesuai kondisi gigi. Tujuan: Melihat distribusi frekuensi rencana perawatan yang diberikan pada pasien yang berdiagnosis periodontitis stage III dan IV dengan atau tanpa modifying factor di RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 2017 hingga 2020. Metode: Menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitik cross sectional untuk distribusi penyakit periodontitis stage III dan IV. Subjek yang sudah sesuai dengan kriteria eksklusi dan inklusi diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Jumlah subjek penelitian yang berdiagnosis periodontitis stage III lebih tinggi dibandingkan stage IV. Frekuensi grade tertinggi pada periodontitis stage III dan IV adalah grade B. Didapatkan bahwa untuk periodontitis stage III dan IV persentase tertinggi untuk rencana perawatan adalah DHE dan Scaling and Root Planning (SRP) dengan 100% subjek memilki rencana perawatan tersebut. Pasien periodontitis stage III yang memilki rencana perawatan ekstraksi adalah sebesar 24,2% dari jumlah subjek. Sedangkan pada periodontitis stage IV terdapat sebesar 56,3%. Kesimpulan: Prognosis yang diberikan pada pasien sangat mempengaruhi pemilihan rencana perawatan yang akan diberikan dokter ke pasien tersebut. Prevalensi periodontitis berhubungan positif dengan bertambahnya usia dan dapat terjadi lebih tinggi pada laki-laki

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Background: Based on The 2017 AAP Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, periodontitis is characterized by a multidimensional staging system, which classify the severity and extent of a patient’s disease based on the measureable amount of destroyed and/or damaged tissue as a result of periodontitis and specific factors that may attribute to the complexity of long-term case management, and grading systemthat aims to indicate the rate of periodontitis progression, responsiveness to standard therapy, and potential impact on systemic health. In writing medical record, each tooth was given a prognosis according to the condition of the tooth. Objective: This study aims to determine the distribution and frequency of the treatment plan given to patients diagnosed with stage III and IV periodontitis with or without modifying factors in RSKGM FKG UI in 2017-2020 period. Method: The type of method used is the cross-sectional analytic descriptive study to determine the distribution and frequency of the treatment plan given to patients diagnosed with stage III and IV periodontitis with or without modifying factors in RSKGM FKG UI in 2017-2020 period. Result: There are more patients diagnosed with stage III periodontitis compared to the stage IV periodontitis ones. Grade with the highest frequency found in the stage III and stage IV patients are grade B. Dental Health Education (DHE) with Scaling and Root Planning (SRP) are the treatment plans with the highest frequency (100%). Extraction is also one of the treatment plan chosen for stage III (24,2%) and stage IV (56,3%) periodontitis patients"

"Periodontitis adalah penyakit inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh faktor multifaktorial. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) dan matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) melakukan modifikasi pada keparahan dan progresivitas penyakit periodontal dengan cara menghancurkan jaringan kolagen di epitel gingiva. Tujuan: Mendapatkan hubungan tingkat ekspresi TLR-4 dan MMP-8 dalam cairan krevikular gingiva pada periodontitis stage IV grade C. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 21 subjek dengan umur diantara 28-61 tahun diukur dengan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan terdapat kenaikan tingkat ekspresi TLR-4 dan MMP-8 pada periodontitis stage IV grade C (p<0,05). Uji Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara TLR-4 dengan progresivitas periodontitis stage IV grade C, sebaliknya terdapat hubungan antara tingkat ekspresi MMP-8 dengan progresivitas periodontitis stage IV grade C (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat ekspresi MMP-8 dengan progresivitas periodontitis stage IV grade C dan tidak terdapat hubungan ekspresi TLR-4 dengan progresivitas periodontitis stage IV grade C.

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by multifactorial factors. toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) modify periodontal disease severity and progression by destroying collagen tissue in gingival epithelium. Objective: Determine the expression of TLR-4 and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)in patients with periodontitis stage IV grade C. Level of expression of TLR-4 and MMP-8 from 18 subject aged 28-61 years were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mann Whitney test of TLR-4 showed significantly higher expression level compared with control as well as MMP-8 (p<0.05). Expression of TLR-4 showed no correlation with the progression of Periodontitis stage IV grade C. Expression of MMP-8 have a moderate correlation to the progression of Periodontitis stage IV grade C. Conclusions: There are correlation between MMP-8 Expression with Periodontitis Stage IV grade C Progression, but not with TLR-4."

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis merupakan salah satu penyakit kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang paling sering dijumpai sering terjadi di masyarakat. Periodontitis disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah: Penyebab penting adalah keterlibatan bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans yang merupakan 'penanda' bakteri periodontitis yang memainkan peran dalam pengembangan kehilangan perlekatan jaringan periodontal, serta bakteri Fusobacterium nucleatum memiliki kemampuan untuk menggumpal di awal dan akhir kolonisasi bakteri dalam perkembangan plak sehingga bertindak sebagai jembatan bakteri. Propolis dilaporkan memiliki zat antibakteri yaitu flavonoid dan polifenol yang meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan saliva dan menghambat penyakit periodontal. Tujuan : Menganalisis efektivitas gel propolis dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans dan Fusobacterium nucleatum. Metode : Aggregatibacter Biofilm actinomycetemcomitans dan Fusobacterium nucleatum terkena propolis gel dengan konsentrasi 5mg/ml dan 10mg/ml kemudian diinkubasi selama 4 jam (fase adhesi), 12 jam (fase akumulasi aktif) dan 24 jam (fase pematangan) pada suhu 37°C. Persentase potensi Penghambatan pembentukan biofilm dinilai menggunakan uji MTT. Bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans dan Fusobacterium nucleatum pada BHI . agar Letakkan paper disk yang telah terkena propolis gel dengan konsentrasi 5 mg/ml dan 10 mg/ml kemudian diinkubasi selama 4 jam, 6 jam, dan 8 jam pada suhu 37°C. Zona rintangan Pertumbuhan bakteri diukur dengan menggunakan penggaris. Kesimpulan: Pengaruh paparan propolis gel dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm dan zona hambat bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans dan Fusobacterium nucleatum berbeda dalam setiap durasi paparan dan variasi konsentrasi yang digunakan.Background: Periodontitis is one of the most common dental and oral health diseases that often occur in the community. Periodontitis is caused by many factors, one of which is: An important cause is the involvement of the bacterium Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans which is a 'marker' of periodontitis bacteria that plays a role in the development of periodontal tissue attachment loss, and Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria have the ability to agglomerate at the beginning and end of bacterial colonization in plaque development so that it acts as a bacterial bridge. Propolis is reported to have antibacterial substances, namely flavonoids and polyphenols that increase salivary antioxidant activity and inhibit periodontal disease. Objective : To analyze the effectiveness of propolis gel in inhibiting the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria. Methods: Aggregatibacter Biofilm actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum were exposed to propolis gel with concentrations of 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml then incubated for 4 hours (adhesion phase), 12 hours (active accumulation phase) and 24 hours (maturation phase) at 37°C. Percentage of potential inhibition of biofilm formation was assessed using the MTT assay. Bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum in BHI. agar Place the paper disk that has been exposed to propolis gel with a concentration of 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml then incubated for 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours at 37°C. The zone of inhibition Bacterial growth was measured using a ruler. Conclusion: The effect of exposure to propolis gel in inhibiting the formation of biofilms and the inhibition zone of the bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum differs in each duration of exposure and variations in concentration used."

"Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease associated with genetic and environmental factors. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with susceptibility to common diseases such as diabetes and periodontitis. Although the oral cavity is exposed to various organisms, the conditions are well controlled by innate and acquired immune systems. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in the innate immune system; however, the association of AMP-SNPs with periodontitis has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the relationship between AMP-SNPs and periodontitis in Japanese. One hundred and five Japanese subjects were recruited, which included patients with aggressive, severe, moderate and mild periodontitis, and age-matched healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and genotypes of SNPs of β-defensin-1 and lactoferrin genes (DEFB1: rs1799946, rs1800972 and rs11362; and LTF: rs1126478) were investigated using the PCR-Invader assay. Protein level of AMPs in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was quantified by ELISA. Case–control studies revealed that the −44 CC genotype of DEFB1 (rs1800972) was associated with periodontitis (OR 2.51), particularly with severe chronic periodontitis (OR 4.15) and with combined severe and moderate chronic periodontitis (OR 4.04). No statistical differences were found in other genotypes. The β-defensin-1 concentrations in GCF were significantly lower in subjects with the −44 CC genotype of DEFB1 than in those without this genotype. No significant differences between GCF concentrations of AMPs and other genotypes were detected. The −44 CC genotype of the β-defensin-1 gene (DEFB1 rs1800972) may be associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in Japanese."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Salah satu spesies bakteri pemicu penyakit periodontal adalah Treponema lecithinolyticum (T. lecithinolyticum). Pengambilan sampel mikrobiologi dapat dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu absorption menggunakan paper point dan kerokan menggunakan kuret. Metode: Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 5 orang pasien periodontitis dengan 20 sampel mikrobiologi. Kuantitas T. lecithinolyticum dan korelasinya dengan parameter klinis (kedalaman poket, kehilangan perlekatan, pendarahan papila), masing-masing dianalisis dengan menggunakan qPCR, uji T-test independent, uji korelasi Spearman dan Pearson. Hasil: Kedua metode masing-masing menunjukan adanya korelasi positif antara kuantitas T. lechitinolyticum dan kedalaman poket maupun dengan kehilangan perlekatan, namun kedua metode menunjukan tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara kuantitas bakteri dan pendarahan papila. Kesimpulan: Kedua metode pengambilan sampel menunjukan efektifitas yang sama, namun terdapat perbedaan korelasi antara kuantitas T. lechitinolyticum dengan keparahan periodontitis berdasarkan metode pengambilan sampel mikrobiologi.

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ABSTRACT

Background: One species of bacteria that triggers periodontal disease is Treponema lecithinolyticum (T. lecithinolyticum). Microbiological sampling can be done in two methods, namely absorption using paper points and scrapings using curettes. Aim: To analyze the relationship between T. lecithinolyticum and the severity of periodontitis through two methods of taking subgingiva dental plaque. Methods: The research subjects consisted of 5 periodontitis patients with 20 microbiological sampels. Quantity of T. lecithinolyticum and its correlation with clinical parameters (pocket depth, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding), each analyzed using qPCR, independent T-test, Spearman and Pearsons correlation test. Result: Both methods showed a positive correlaton between the quantity of T. lecithinolyticum and pocket depth also loss of attachment, but the two methods showed no significant correlation between the quantity of bacteria and papillary bleeding. Conclusion: Both sampling methods showed the same effectiveness, but there were differences in the correlation between the quantity of T. lecithinolyticum and the severity of periodontitis based on the microbiological sampling method.

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"Periodontitis adalah penyakit inflamasi kronis yang mempengaruhi jaringan pendukung gigi dan memerlukan penanganan yang efektif untuk mencegah kerusakan lebih lanjut. Salah satu metode yang potensial adalah penggunaan local drug delivery film kitosan dengan penambahan glutaraldehid sebagai agen crosslinking untuk meningkatkan sifat mekaniknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh durasi perlakuan uap glutaraldehid terhadap sifat mekanik dan perilaku swelling film kitosan. Film kitosan diproduksi menggunakan metode solvent casting dengan komposisi 1% propolis dan gliserin sebagai plasticizer, kemudian dilakukan crosslinking dengan larutan glutaraldehid 0,5% pada suhu 37°C dengan variasi waktu perlakuan 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 48 jam. Karakterisasi film dilakukan menggunakan Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), analisis swelling, dan uji tarik. Interaksi kimia antara kitosan dan glutaraldehid ditunjukkan dengan puncak dan shoulder peak pada 1651 cm-1 dalam FTIR, mengindikasikan pembentukan ikatan imina (Schiff base) yang mempengaruhi sifat mekanik dan stabilitas film serta menandakan proses crosslinking berhasil dilakukan. Hasil penelitian swelling menunjukkan peningkatan waktu crosslinking mengurangi derajat swelling film hingga 80,27%, dengan film yang diberi perlakuan glutaraldehid menunjukkan derajat swelling lebih rendah (17,50-12,12%) dibandingkan film tanpa perlakuan. Waktu crosslinking juga meningkatkan sifat mekanik film, dengan kekuatan dan kekakuan meningkat hingga 662,3% (566,7 MPa) pada 12 jam, 725,1% (620,3 MPa) pada 24 jam, dan 1061,2% (907,9 MPa) pada 48 jam, dibandingkan film tanpa glutaraldehid (85,6 MPa). Dengan demikian, durasi perlakuan glutaraldehid optimal untuk film kitosan dalam aplikasi penyembuhan periodontitis adalah 12 jam. Durasi ini menghasilkan film kitosan dengan derajat crosslinking yang optimal, derajat swelling terkontrol, dan peningkatan sifat mekanik yang signifikan, memungkinkan film mudah disisipkan ke dalam kantong periodontal dan memberikan penghantaran obat yang efektif tanpa menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan yang signifikan akibat pembengkakan.

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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of teeth, requiring effective intervention to prevent further damage. One potential method is the use of local drug delivery chitosan films with the addition of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent to enhance their mechanical properties. This study aims to evaluate the influence of glutaraldehyde vapor treatment duration on the mechanical properties and swelling behaviour of chitosan films. Chitosan films were produced using the solvent casting method with a composition of 1% propolis and glycerine as a plasticizer, followed by crosslinking with 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution at 37°C with treatment durations of 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The characterization of the films was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), swelling analysis, and tensile testing. Chemical interactions between chitosan and glutaraldehyde were indicated by peaks and shoulder peaks at 1651 cm-1 in the FTIR analysis, suggesting the formation of imine bonds (Schiff base), which affect the mechanical properties and stability of the film, indicating successful crosslinking. The swelling results showed that increasing the crosslinking duration reduced the swelling degree of the film by up to 80.27%, with glutaraldehyde-treated films showing a lower swelling degree (17.50-12.12%) compared to untreated films. Crosslinking time also enhanced the mechanical properties of the film, with strength and stiffness increasing up to 662.3% (566.7 MPa) at 12 hours, 725.1% (620.3 MPa) at 24 hours, and 1061.2% (907.9 MPa) at 48 hours, compared to untreated chitosan films (85.6 MPa). Thus, the optimal glutaraldehyde treatment duration for chitosan films in periodontitis treatment applications is 12 hours. This duration produces chitosan films with optimal crosslinking, controlled swelling, and significant improvements in mechanical properties, allowing the film to be easily inserted into periodontal pockets and provid."

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Latar Belakang: Menurut data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018, prevalensi penyakit periodontitis menduduki peringkat kedua terbanyak setelah karies gigi, yaitu sebesar 74,1% di Indonesia. Periodontitis merupakan penyakit inflamasi yang dihubungkan dengan kerusakan jaringan periodontal. Dalam perjalanan periodontitis, TLR-4 berperan penting dalam respon imun dan patogenesis inflamasi periodontitis karena dapat mengenali bakteri gram negatif lipopolisakarida (LPS). Propolis merupakan salah satu zat alami berupa produk resin yang memiliki banyak aktivitas biologis, salah satunya antiinflamasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui interaksi molekuler senyawa propolis yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi terhadap TLR-4 pada terapi periodontitis melalui studi penambatan molekuler. Metode: Studi eksperimental komputasional secara in silico menggunakan perangkat Autodock Tools 1.5.6 dan BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 2021 untuk menguji interaksi dan afinitas ikatan dari ligan propolis terhadap reseptor target TLR-4. Hasil interaksi akan dianalisis untuk menilai konformasi terbaik dari suatu molekul dan afinitas pengikatannya. Penambatan molekuler dilakukan dengan menambatkan 7 senyawa propolis yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi terhadap TLR-4 sebagai reseptor yang berperan dalam proses inflamasi. Hasil: Terdapat interaksi molekuler ikatan antara ligan propolis dengan reseptor TLR-4. Dari ketujuh ligan propolis yang diuji, senyawa Adhyperforin memiliki afinitas terbaik dibandingkan ligan propolis lainnya. Kesimpulan: Senyawa bioaktif pada propolis dapat berinteraksi terhadap reseptor TLR-4 melalui uji penambatan molekuler dan dapat berpotensi menjadi agen antiinflamasi terhadap TLR-4 yang dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat obat untuk terapi periodontitis. Namun, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk membuktikan sifat senyawa bioaktif pada propolis yang dapat bertindak sebagai agen antiinflamasi yang baik untuk terapi periodontitis.

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Background: According to 2018 Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) data, periodontitis is the second most frequent condition after dental caries, which reached a prevalence of 74.1% in Indonesia. Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition associated with the destruction of periodontal tissue. TLR-4, which recognizes gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), plays a crucial role in the immune response and inflammatory pathogenesis of periodontitis. Propolis is a natural product in the form of resin that has many biological activities, one of which is anti-inflammatory. Purpose: To investigate the molecular interactions of propolis compounds that have anti-inflammatory potential against TLR-4 in periodontitis therapy through molecular docking studies. Methods: In silico computational experimental study using Autodock Tools 1.5.6 and BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 2021 to test the interaction and binding affinity of propolis ligands towards the TLR-4 target receptor. The interaction results will be analyzed to assess the best conformation of a molecule and its binding affinity. Molecular docking was performed by targeting 7 propolis compounds that have anti-inflammatory potential against TLR-4 as a receptor that plays a role in the inflammatory process. Results: There is a binding interaction between propolis ligands and TLR-4 receptor. Of the seven propolis ligands tested, the compound Adhyperforin had the best affinity compared to other propolis ligand. Conclusions: Bioactive compounds in propolis can interact with TLR-4 receptors through molecular docking tests and can potentially become anti-inflammatory agents against TLR-4 that can be used as drug candidates for periodontitis therapy. However, further research is needed to prove the nature of bioactive compounds in propolis that can act as good anti-inflammatory agents for periodontitis therapy.

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"Latar belakang: Prevalensi penyakit periodontal baik pada negara maju maupun negara berkembang sekitar 20-50% dari seluruh populasi global. Perawatan periodontal berupa pembersihan karang gigi atau scaling merupakan salah satu perawatan periodontal yang efektif sebagai upaya preventif untuk mencegah penyakit periodontal Selama pandemi COVID-19, terjadi penurunan kepedulian pasien terhadap kesehatan gigi dan mulut dan rutinitas untuk melakukan perawatan dental, termasuk perawatan periodontal berupa scaling. Tujuan: Mendapatkan persepsi Mahasiswa UI mengenai perawatan periodontal berupa scaling pada pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Studi analisis potong lintang pada Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia Angkatan 2018, dengan menggunakan kuisioner melalui Google Form. Hasil: Sebanyak 473 responden yang mengisi kuisioner. Terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan mengenai penyakit periodontal dan COVID-19 berdasaarkan jenis kelamin dan rumpun ilmu, serta perbedaan persepsi mengenai kunjungan ke dokter gigi untuk perawatan scaling sebelum pandemi dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan mengenai penyakit periodontal dan COVID-19 pada mahasiswa perempuan lebih tinggi dari laki-laki, dan pada mahasiswa Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan lebih tinggi dibanding mahasiswa dari rumpun ilmu lainnya. Selain itu, terdapat perubahan persepsi berupa penurunan mengenai pentingnya melakukan perawatan scaling antara sebelum pandemi dengan selama pandemi COVID-19.

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Background: Prevalence of periodontal disease in developed and developing countries are about 20-50% of global population. Scaling as a periodontal treatment is one of the effective treatment to prevent the periodontal disease. During pandemic COVID-19,there is a patient decreased concern regarding oral and dental health, including scaling treatment. Objective: To evaluate the perception about scaling as a periodontal treatment among students of Universitas Indonesia class 2018. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis study on students of Universitas Indonesia class 2018, using quistionnaire via Google Form. Results: The research subjects were 473 students. There is a difference in the level of knowledge regarding the periodontal disease and COVID-19 among Universitas Indonesia class 2018 based on gender and faculties clusters, and there is a difference in the perception about scaling treatment on dental care visits before the pandemic and during the pandemic COVID-19. Conclusion: The level of knowledge regarding periodontal disease in female students was higher than that of male students, and in health science faculties (RIK) students was higher than students of pther diciplines. Beside that, there is a decreased perceptions about the importance of scaling treatment before the pandemic and during the pandemic COVID-19."