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"ABSTRAKTujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh iradiansi sinar terhadap viabilitas sel dari komposit resin. Metode: Spesimen dibuat dengan memolimerisasi komposit resin yang dilakukan menggunakan LED-LCU prototip beriradiansi 800 dan 1000 mW/cm2 atau dengan LCU pembanding (900 mW/cm2). Ekstrak spesimen dipaparkan selama 1, 2 atau 3 hari dan dilakukan uji viabilitas sel menggunakan MTT assay. Hasil: Viabilitas sel dari komposit resin dengan lama perendaman sampai dengan 3 hari tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0.05), namun viabilitas sel dari komposit resin antar kelompok iradiansi sinar berbeda bermakna (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Viabilitas sel dari komposit resin tidak dipengaruhi oleh lama perendaman, namun dipengaruhi oleh iradiansi sinar.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: To analyze the effect of irradiance on the cell viability of resin composite. Methods: Resin composite specimen polymerized by prototype LED-LCU irradiance 800 and 1000 mW/cm2 or with comparison LCU (900 mW/cm2). Specimen extract immersed 1, 2 and 3 days and examined the cell viability by MTT assay. Results: Cell viability of resin composite by immersed time until 3 days had not significant different (p>0.05), however cell viability of resin composite between light irradiance group had significant different (p<0.05). Conclusion: Viability cell of resin composite had not influenced by immersed time, however influenced by light irradiance."

"Latar Belakang: Ekstrak bawang putih memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap berbagai bakteri Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif serta bakteri anaerob seperti Lactobacillus dan E. faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis merupakan bakteri Gram-positif fakultatif anaerob yang mampu menginvasi tubuli dentin dan resisten terhadap bahan irigasi dan medikamen intrakanal. Bahan irigasi saluran akar yang digunakan saat ini adalah bahan kimiawi yang dapat membahayakan jaringan periapikal dan benih gigi permanen jika terdorong ke apeks. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak bawang putih terhadap viabilitas Enterococcus faecalis dari isolat klinis saluran akar gigi sulung non vital. Metode Penelitian: Uji MTT digunakan untuk menilai viabilitas E. faecalis setelah pemaparan ekstrak bawang putih dengan berbagai konsentrasi (10%, 25%, 50% dan 100%) dan CHX 2% sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan uji Post-Hoc Mann Whitney untuk melihat perbedaan antar kelompok. Ekstrak bawang putih konsentrasi 10%, 25%, 50% dan 100% mampu menurunkan viabilitas E. faecalis. Nilai viabilitas antara kelompok ekstrak bawang putih konsentrasi 25%, 50% dan 100% berbeda tidak bermakna (p>0,05) namun berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok ekstrak 10% dan kelompok CHX 2% (p<0,05) dengan nilai viabilitas E. faecalis lebih rendah. Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih efektif dalam menurunkan viabilitas E. faecalis.

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Background: Garlic extract exhibits antibacterial effect against wide variety of gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as anaerobic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and E. faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe capable of invading the dentin tubules and is resistant to several irrigating solutions and intracanal medicament. Commonly used irrigating solutions are from chemical substances that can compromise the periapical tissue and permanent tooth germs if extruded from apex. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectivity of garlic extract against viability of E. faecalis from clinical isolate of non-vital primary root canals. Method: MTT assay was used to determine the viability of E. faecalis after exposure of different concentrations of garlic extract (10%, 25%, 50%, 100%) and CHX 2% as positive control. Result: Analysis was done using Kruskal-Wallis; the post-hoc test was done for multiple comparisons at a 0,05 significance level. All concentrations of garlic extracts were able to reduce viability of E. faecalis. Viability score between 25%, 50% and 100% extracts were not significantly different from one another (p>0,05), however they were significantly different from 10% extract and CHX 2% (p<0,05) with lower viability score. Conclusion: The results showed that garlic extract were effective to reduce viability of E. faecalis."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: LCU prototip dengan metode PWM-kombinasi dengan iradiansi sinar 800, 900, dan 1.000 mW/cm2 telah dibuat untuk mencegah kenaikan suhu pulpa akibat polimerisasi. Tujuan: Menganalisis kekerasan komposit resin yang dipolimerisasi dengan LCU berbeda iradiansi sinar. Metode: Spesimen merupakan komposit resin yang dipolimerisasi dengan LCU prototip (PWMkombinasi) beriradiansi sinar 800, 900, atau 1.000 mW/cm2 atau dengan LCU pembanding (900 mW/cm2). Kekerasan komposit resin diukur menggunakan sistem Knoop. Hasil: Kekerasan komposit resin antar kelompok berbeda bermakna (p<0,05) kecuali yang diberi iradiansi sinar 900 mW/cm2 dari LCUprototip dan LCU pembanding. Kesimpulan: Kekerasan komposit resin dipengaruhi oleh iradiansi sinar dari LCU prototip. LCU prototip atau LCU pembanding dengan iradiansi 900 mW/cm2 menghasilkan kekerasan komposit resin yang sama.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Prototype light curing unit (LCU) with PWM-combined lightirradiance of 800, 900, and 1.000 mW/cm2 was made to prevent the pulp temperature rise due to the polymerization. Objective: To analyze the hardness of resin composites polymerized by LCU different light irradiation. Methods: The specimen is resin composites polymerized by prototype LCU light irradiance 800, 900, or 1.000 mW/cm2 or with comparison LCU (900 mW/cm2). Hardness of resin composite test performed by Knoop system. Result: There is significant differences (p<0.05) among the groups except those between using the prototype LCU and comparison LCU that have irradiance of 900 mW/cm2. Conclusions: The hardness of resin composite was influenced by the irradiance of prototype LCU. The hardness of resin composite from prototype LCU is equal to those from comparison LCU irradiance of 900 mW/cm2."

"Latar Belakang: LCU-LED prototip metode PWM iradiansi 900 dan 1.000 mW/cm2 telah dibuat untuk mengurangi panas akibat polimerisasi dengan waktu penyinaran 10 detik. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh iradiansi terhadap kekerasan permukaan komposit resin nano. Metode: Sampel disinar dengan LCU-LED prototip iradiansi 900 dan 1.000 mW/cm2 serta LCU-LED pembanding iradiansi 900 mW/cm2. Kekerasan permukaan diuji dengan sistem Knoop. Data dianalisis dengan One-way ANOVA dan Post-HocTest. Hasil: Kekerasan permukaan antar kelompok berbeda signifikan kecuali antara penyinaran LCU-LED prototip iradiansi 900 mW/cm2 dan LCU-LED pembanding iradiansi 900 mW/cm2. Kesimpulan: Penyinaran iradiansi 900 mW/cm2 dari LCU-LED prototip dan LCU-LED pembanding menunjukan kekerasan permukaan yang sama.

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Introduction: Prototype LCU-LED using PWM with irradiance 900 and 1,000mW/cm2 has constructed that can reduce temperature for polymerizing in ten seconds. Objectives: To analyze influence of irradiance to the hardness of nano resin composites. Methods: Samples were polymerized using the prototype with irradiance of 900 and 1,000mW/cm2 or the off-the-shelf LCU-LED (900mW/cm2) as comparison. Hardness was measured using Knoop system. Statistical analysis was conducted by One-Way ANOVA and post-hoctest. Results: There’s significant differences among the groups except those between prototype and comparison with irradiance of 900mW/cm2. Conclusions: Hardness from prototype is equal to those from comparison with irradiance of 900mW/cm2"

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"Fruits of mahkotadewa (Phaleria macrocorpa(Scheff),Boer, has been used to cure various health problems,including empirical treatment for cancer

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"Latar belakang: Penelitian sebelumnya telah membuat LCU-LED prototip iradiansi 1000mW/cm2 dengan penyinaran 20 dan 10 detik. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh waktu penyinaran terhadap viabilitas sel dari komposit resin nanofil yang dipapar ke sel HaCaT. Metode Penelitian: Sampel berupa komposit resin nanofil yang disinar menggunakan LCU-LED prototip selama 20 atau 10 detik. Viabilitas sel diperoleh dengan pemaparan sel HaCaT pada larutan ekstrak komposit resin, dan diukur menggunakan MTT assay. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara viabilitas sel dari sampel yang disinar menggunakan LCU-LED prototip selama 20 dan 10 detik (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: LCU-LED prototip yang digunakan untuk menyinar komposit resin selama 20 atau 10 detik menghasilkan viabilitas sel yang sama.

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Introduction: Previous study has made LED-LCU prototype with irradiance of 1000mW/cm2 with curing time of 20 and 10 seconds.

Objective: To analyze the influence of curing time on cell viability of nanofilled composite resins which is exposed to HaCaT cell-line.

Methods: Samples of nanofilled resin composite were cured by LED-LCU prototype for 20 or 10 seconds. Cell viability was obtained by exposing HaCaT cell-line to extract solution of the samples and evaluated using MTT assay.

Results: There was no signifficant difference between cell viability of samples which cured using LED-LCU prototype for 20 and 10 seconds (p>0,05).

Conclusion: LED-LCU prototype that was used to cure resin composite for 20 or 10 seconds showed similar cell viability."

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh waktu penyinaran resin komposit nanofil menggunakan Light Curing Unit (LCU) LED protototipe terhadap temperatur atap pulpa gigi. Spesimen berupa 30 gigi premolar 1 rahang atas yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok dengan jumlah spesimen 10 untuk setiap kelompok. Gigi kemudian direstorasi resin komposit nanofil dan disinari menggunakan LCU LED prototipe selama 10 atau 20 detik dan komersial selama 20 detik. Pengukuran temperatur dilakukan sebelum dan setelah penyinaran resin komposit dan temperatur atap pulpa yang dihasilkan oleh LCU LED prototipe selama 10 atau 20 detik lebih rendah secara signifikan dari yang dihasilkan oleh LCU LED komersial., The aim of the present research was to analyze the effect of curing duration of nanofilled composite resin by the prototype curing light on pulp roof temperature. Thirty extracted human maxillary premolars were divided into 3 groups, 10 specimens for each group. Each teeth restored using nanofilled composite resin and were cured by the prototype LED curing light in 10 or 20 seconds or the commercially available in 20 seconds as a comparison. Pulp roof temperature was measured before and after the curing process. As a result, the temperature induced by the prototype curing light in both 10 or 20 seconds were significantly lower compared to the commercially available.]"

"Resin komposit termasuk dalam material restoratif direk yang proses pengerasannya melalui proses polimerisasi dibantu dengan bantuan cahaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak dan durasi penyinaran terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit nanofilled. 60 spesimen resin komposit yang ditumpat dalam mold dibagi ke dalam 6 kelompok berdasarkan jarak dan durasi penyinaran yang berbeda yaitu 2 mm, 5 mm, dan 8 mm; serta 20 detik dan 40 detik. Rerata nilai tertinggi dimiliki oleh kelompok dengan jarak terkecil dan durasi penyinaran terlama sedangkan nilai rerata terendah terdapat pada kelompok dengan jarak terbesar dan durasi penyinaran tersingkat. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar tiap kelompok perlakuan dengan jarak yang berbeda, namun pada 2 kelompok yang memiliki jarak tip LED Light Curing Unit sebesar 8 mm, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Dapat disimpulkan, jarak tip LED Light Curing Unit dan durasi penyinaran berpengaruh terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit nanofilled. Pengaruh durasi penyinaran hanya signifikan apabila jarak tip LED Light Curing Unit terhadap permukaan resin komposit kurang atau sama dengan 5 mm.

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Composite resin is a material of choice for direct restorations. Hardening process of composite resin is triggered by light to begin the polymerization process. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of LED light curing unit's tip distance and curing time to surface hardness of nanofilled composite resin. 60 specimens were prepared into a mold and they were divided into 6 groups based on the different curing distance and time which is 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm along with 20 seconds and 40 seconds. The highest surface hardness was seen in group with 2 mm tip's distance and 40 seconds curing time, while the lowest was seen in group with 8 mm tip's distance and 20 seconds curing time. Significant differences were seen between different tip's distances but in 2 groups which has 8 mm tip's distances and different curing time, there is no significant differences. In coclusion, LED light curing unit's tip distance and curing time is affecting surface hardness of nanofilled composite resin. Curing time only affect the surface hardness if the tip's distance is less than 8 mm."

"ABSTRAKResin komposit alkasit mampu melepaskan ion hidroksida sehingga dapat mempertahankan pH netral saliva. Ion yang dilepaskan lebih banyak pada suasana asam. Resin komposit alkasit dapat dipolimerisasi secara kimia dan/atau menggunakan sinar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan resin komposit alkasit polimerisasi kimia dan sinar dalam menetralkan saliva buatan. Jumlah spesimen 96 buah dibagi menjadi 16 kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri dari 2 kelompok saliva buatan (pH 4,5 dan 5,5), 2 kelompok metode polimerisasi (kimia dan sinar), dan 4 kelompok waktu perendaman (1, 3, 5, dan 7 hari). Spesimen berbentuk lempeng dengan diameter 15 mm dan tebal 1 mm yang direndam dalam 5 ml saliva buatan dan disimpan dalam inkubator bersuhu 37˚C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pH saliva buatan pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan seiring dengan waktu perendaman. Berdasarkan uji statistik Independent T test dan Mann Whitney U, secara umum tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam meningkatkan pH saliva buatan antara kelompok metode polimerisasi kimia dan sinar. Sedangkan, terdapat perbedaan bermakna kenaikan pH saliva buatan pada kelompok yang direndam pada saliva buatan pH 4,5 dan 5,5. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan resin komposit alkasit polimerisasi kimia dan sinar sama baik dalam meningkatkan pH saliva buatan hingga hari ke 7, terutama dalam suasana yang lebih asam.

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ABSTRACT

Alkasite composite resin is able to release hydroxide ions so it can maintain a neutral pH of saliva. More ions released in an acid condition. This composite resin can be polymerized chemically or using LED light. This study aimed to determine the ability of self-cured and light-cured alkasite composite resin to neutralize artificial saliva pH. Ninety-six specimens were immersed in 5 ml of artificial saliva, 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick were divided into 16 groups consist of 2 groups of artificial saliva (pH 4,5 and 5,5), 2 groups of polymerization method (self-cured and light-cured), and 4 groups of immersion time (1, 3, 5, and 7 days). The result showed that there was an increase in the pH of the artificial saliva in all treatment groups over the time of immersion. The statistical test using Independent T test and Mann Whitney U showed that in general there were no significant differences between the polymerization method. Meanwhile, there were significant differences between the groups that immersed in each artificial saliva pH. It was concluded that self cured and light cured composite resin alkasite have the same ability to increase the pH of artificial saliva until the 7th day, especially in an acid condition."