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"This text describes research suggesting that abnormal activation of signaling pathways is a critical event in cancer pathogenesis, and describes the emerging ability to design small molecules, protein therapeutics, and other forms of targeted cancer therapies."

"This book in order to stimulate the discussion of how the knowledge gained in the emerging field of oxidative stress in cancer biology can be utilized to more effectively design interventions to enhance therapeutic responses while causing fewer treatment limiting complications. The chapters contained in this volume provide highly informative emerging perspectives on how that selective enhancement of oxidative stress in cancerous tissues can be used as a target for enhancing therapeutic outcomes as well as how selective inhibition of oxidative stress could spare normal tissue damage and inhibit carcinogenesis. "

"Caveolins are important structural proteins of caveolae, small invaginations of the membrane. They have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple cancers. In this volume, we will mainly focus on the importance of caveolin-1 in breast, prostate, lung, skin, colon, pancreatic and brain cancers with also a mention of the novel role of caveolin-3 in breast cancer."

"This book provides an overview of critical components of cell signaling machinery and its role in epithelial morphogenesis, proliferation, invasions and angiogenesis in human cancer and discusses novel types of protein kinase pathways."

"The goal of this volume is to comprehensively cover a highly readable overview on our present knowledge of the role of Notch signalling for embryology and cancer, with a focus on new findings in molecular biology. Topics that are discussed in-depth by leading researchers and clinicians range from the newest findings in cellular and molecular pathology to new concepts for prophylaxis and treatment of cancer. "

"This work presents the most advanced discoveries from translational research laboratories directly involved in identifying molecules and signalling pathways that play an instrumental role in metastasis. In contrast to other works, conventionally focused on a single type of tumour, the various chapters in this book provide a broad perspective of the similarities and discrepancies among the dissemination of several solid malignancies. Through recurrent and overlapping references to molecular mechanisms and mediators, the readers will gain knowledge of the common ground in metastasis from a single source. Finally, an introductory chapter provides a clinical perspective of the problems presented by metastatic tumours for diagnosis and treatment. "

"Nyeri kanker merupakan gejala utama yang paling sering dikeluhkan oleh pasien kanker yang sedang menjalani hospitalisasi, sehingga memerlukan manajemen nyeri yang dilakukan secara tepat oleh tenaga kesehatan terutama perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap dengan penerapan manajemen nyeri pada pasien kanker oleh perawat di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan melibatkan 76 perawat yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 48.68% perawat sudah memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik serta 60.5% perawat sudah menerapkan dengan baik manajemen nyeri pada pasien kanker di rumah sakit tersebut. Namun, dari hasil uji Chi Square didapatkan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penerapan manajemen nyeri pada pasien kanker (p= 0.85, α= 0.05). Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi sebagai data awal untuk penelitian selanjutnya, terkait faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap perawat terkait manajemen nyeri kanker.

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Cancer pain is the most articulated grievances by undergoing hospitalization cancer patients, so they require pain management by health workers properly, especially nurses. This research aims to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the implementation of cancer pain management among nurses in Dharmais Cancer Hospital. This research used cross sectional design by involving 76 nurses who had been chosen by total technical sampling.

The result showed that 48.68% of nurse had good level of knowledge and attitude, and 60.5% of nurses implemented cancer pain management well. However, the Chi Square test result revealed that there was no relation between level of knowledge and attitude with the implementation of cancer pain management (p= 0.85, a= 0.05).

This research showed implication as starting data for the next research, especially which related to the influencing factors of knowledge and attitude of nurse towards cancer pain management."

"ABSTRAKTatalaksana kanker di suatu rumah sakit tidak dapat berjalan baik tanpa tersedianya data kanker yang baik. Registrasi kanker berbasis rumah sakit di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo mulai diimplemetasikan kembali sejak ditanda tanganinya surat keputusan bersama terkait onkologi center oleh Direktur RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia pada bulan April 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dalam implementasi registrasi kanker dan evaluasi hasil data yang dihasilkannya. Pencatatan pada registrasi kanker menggunakan formulir SRiKandI dan diinput kedalam server menggunakan program CanReg5. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kanker pada tahun 2013 antara lain data data demografi, data klinis, data sumber, dan data follow-up. Permasalahan implementasi terjadi pada. Tim registrasi kanker mengolah 886.086 data mentah menjadi 5.554 data bersih pasien kanker tahun 2013 dan didapatkan 10 besar pasien kanker terbanyak antara lain Kanker Payudara, Kanker Serviks, Leukemia, Kolorektal, Limfoma, Nasofaring, Ovarium, Tiroid, Hepatoma dan Kulit. Penegakan diagnosis 73 menggunakan pemeriksaan mikroskopik Microscopic Verification MV .

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ABSTRACTCancer management in a hospital can rsquo t be done properly without the availability of cancer data. Hospital based cancer registry in Cipto Mangunkusumo began to be implemented since the signing of a joint decree of the oncology center by the Director of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia in April 2016. Cancer registration use SRiKandI form as a template for data collection and inputted into the server using CanReg5 program. This study was an observational descriptive study in the implementation and evaluation of cancer registration data. The collected data is the data of cancer from year 2013, including demographic data, clinical data, source data, and follow up data. Implementation problems occurred in the bureaucracy, medical records, human resources, the use of Electronic Health Record EHR and CanReg5 program. Cancer registration team process 886.086 raw data into a 5.554 clean data of cancer patients in 2013 and found 10 highest number of cancer patients among others are Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer, leukemia, colorectal, lymphoma, nasopharyngeal, ovary, thyroid, and skin hepatoma. Diagnosis of 73 using a microscopic examination Microscopic Verification MV ."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi fenomena yang terjadi pada pasien kanker yang mengalami neutropenia akibat kemoterapi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalh studi kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif. Fenomenologi deskriptif digunakan karena peneliti ingin memperoleh makna dari pengalaman yang diungkapkan partisipan selama penelitian dilakukan. sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien yang dirawat atau dalam pengobatan RS Kanker Dharmais Jakarta< berjumlah 5 partisipan. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam (incepth interview) dengan bantuan tape recorder/digital vices recorder dilengkapi dengan catatan (fiels notes). Hasil penelitian ditemukan enam buah tema yaitu: 1) Waktu pengobatan dan perawatan yang lama, 2) persepsi yang salah tentang neutropenia, 3) perasaan negatif dan koping saat neutropenia, 4) kesulitan perawatan diri, 5) dukungan kluarga dan teman, dan 6) harapan saat neutropenia implikasi untuk keperawatan dapat memberikan informasi pengalaman pasien saat mengalami neutropenia akibat kemoterapi, serta dapat digunakan dalam penelitian selanjutnya.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomena that occur in cancer patients who experience chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The design of this study is qualitative study using descriptive phenomenolgy. Descriptive phenomenology used because researcher wants to gain the meaning of the patients who were treated in Dharmais Cancer Hospital Jakarta, amounted to 5 participants. Data collection methods in this study using in-depth interviews with the help of a tape recorder/digital voices recorder and field notes.

The research found six themes, namely: 1) the length of treatment and care 2) a wrong perception of neutropenia 3) the negative feelings and coping when neutropenia 4) the difficulty of self-care 5) support of family and friends and 6) expectations and hope when neutropenia. Implication for nursing practice are can give an information about experiences in cancer patients when having neutropenia also as a base fotr further research."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Keberadaan sel punca kanker payudara diduga berkontribusi dalam timbulnya resistensi terapi. Beberapa mekanisme yang mempengaruhi respons terapi pada kanker yaitu aktifnya jalur sinyal embrionik, hambatan apoptosis dan tingginya perbaikan DNA serta adaptasi sel punca kanker terhadap hipoksia dan stres oksidatif.Tujuan: Menganalisis profil ekspresi gen kepuncaan pada kanker payudara setelah terapi neoajuvan hormonal dan kemoterapi dilihat hubungannya dengan jalur apoptosis p53, jalur stres oksidatif NFkB dan penanda hipoksia HIF- serta respons terapi.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel jaringan kanker payudara stadium IIIB dan IV sebelum terapi neoajuvan 46 sampel pre dan setelah terapi neoajuvan 46 sampel post . Total RNA diekstraksi kemudian dilakukan pengukuran ekspresi dengan menggunakan teknik Next Generation Sequencing Truseq targeted RNA expression Illumina dengan menggunakan panel sel punca, p53 dan NFkB. Selain itu juga ekspresi HIF-1 dan HIF-2 diukur dengan menggunakan qRT-PCR.Hasil: Setelah terapi neoajuvan, profil ekspresi gen kanker payudara yang memiliki respons molekuler yang baik pada jalur kepuncaan adalah CCNE1, CDC42, CTNNB1, HDAC2, PSEN1, PSENEN, pada jalur apoptosis adalah BIRC5, CASP8, CASP9, CDK1 dan PCNA, pada jalur stres oksidatif adalah SOD2, STAT1 dan TBK1, serta pada jalur hipoksia yaitu HIF-1 dan HIF-2 . Profil ekspresi gen dengan respons molekuler yang buruk pada jalur kepuncaan adalah ALDH1A1, ALDH2, CCND2, CXCL12, FZD7, IGF1, sedangkan pada jalur apoptosis adalah ATM dan BID. Respons histopatologis Miller Payne berkorelasi positif bermakna dengan ekspresi gen jalur apoptosis dengan respons molekuler yang baik BIRC5, CASP8, CDK1 , namun berkorelasi negatif bermakna dengan ekspresi gen ALDH1A1. Survival pasien kanker payudara berkorelasi negatif bermakna dengan ekspresi ALDH1A1 dan SOD2.Kesimpulan: Ekspresi gen ALDH1A1 dan SOD2 merupakan faktor penting untuk prediksi prognosis terapi neoajuvan sistemik pada pasien kanker payudara stadium lanjut.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: The presence of breast cancer stem cells is considered to contribute to therapeutic resistance. There are some mechanisms affected therapy response in the cancer, such as active embryonic signaling pathways, inhibition of apoptosis and high DNA repair, adaptation to hypoxia and oxidative stress.Aim: to analyse the stemness gene expression profile in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy correlated with apoptotic p53 , oxidative stress NFkB and hypoxia HIF- signaling pathways and also therapeutic responses.Methods: This study used breast tissue samples IIIB and IV before neoadjuvant therapy 46 pre samples and after neoadjuvant therapy 46 post samples . Total RNA was measured the expression profile using Next Generation Sequencing Truseq targeted RNA expression Illumina with stem cell, p53 and NFkB panels. In addition, HIF-1 and HIF-2 expression were measured using qRT-PCR. Results: After neoadjuvant therapy, the expression profiles of breast cancer genes that have good molecular responses in stem cells pathway are CCNE1, CDC42, CTNNB1, HDAC2, PSEN1, PSENEN, in apoptotic pathway are BIRC5, CASP8, CASP9, CDK1 and PCNA, in oxidative stress pathway are SOD2, STAT1 and TBK1, as well as in the hypoxic pathway HIF-1 and HIF-2 . Expression profiles with poor molecular responses in stem cells pathway are ALDH1A1, ALDH2, CCND2, CXCL12, FZD7, IGF1, while in apoptotic pathway are ATM and BID. Histopathologic response Miller Payne was significantly positively correlated with apoptotic pathway gene expression with good molecular response BIRC5, CASP8, CDK1 , but negatively significant correlated with ALDH1A1 gene expression. Survival of breast cancer patients significantly negatively correlated with ALDH1A1 and SOD2 expression. Conclusion: ALDH1A1 and SOD2 gene expression is an important factor for predicting the prognosis of systemic neoajuvan therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer."