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"Some of the Yellow Book (traditional source of Islamic Study) are taught in a traditional boarding school including sexual and reproductive health issue. Such discussion is the realm of the study of jurisprudence ..."

"Islam in the Malay world of Southeast Asia or Islam Nusantara, as it has come to be known, had for a long time been seen as representing the more spiritual and Sufi dimension of Islam, thereby striking a balance between the exoteric and the esoteric. This image of 'the smiling face of Islam' has been disturbed during the last decades with increasing calls for the implementation of Shari'ah, conceived of in a narrow manner, intolerant discourse against non-Muslim communities, and hate speech against minority Muslims such as the Shi'ites. There has also been what some have referred to as the Salafization of Sunni Muslims in the region. The chapters of this volume are written by scholars and activists from the region who are very perceptive of such trends in Malay world Islam and promise to improve our understanding of developments that are sometimes difficult to grapple with."

"Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang pakaian tradisional di Tunisia. Pakaian tradisional di Tunisia ternyata mengalami asimilasi dengan budaya luar yang pernah datang sebelum mereka berdaulat. Dalam sejarahnya, Tunisia pernah dikuasai oleh kekaisaran Romawi Byzantium, Dinasti Umayyah dan Abbasiyyah, bangsa Turki melalui Dinasi Utsmani, hingga Perancis yang memiliki budaya yang berbeda-beda. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka dan analisis data untuk mengungkap asimilasi budaya dalam pakaian tradisional Tunisia, serta kerangka teori yang digunakan pada penulisan ini adalah teori kebudayaan oleh Koentjaraningrat. Proses asimilasi budaya yang terjadi, dapat dilihat dari keberagaman pakaian adat yang biasa digunakan masyarakat modern Tunisia sekarang ini.

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This article explains the traditional clothes from Tunisia. These traditional clothes are the results from assimilation processes with other cultures which had ever come into Tunisia before it was independent. Looking from its history, Tunisia had been ruled by various conquerors, such as Byzantine Empire, Umayyah and Abasiyyah empire, Utsmani Empire which, and finally French colonialism. This article uses literature review and data analysis to discover cultural assimilation in Tunisian traditional clothes. This article also uses Koentjaraningrat’s theory of culture. The process of cultural assimilation can be revealed through the variety of Tunisian traditional clothed which are usually worn by modern Tunisian societies. "

"Penataan ruang merupakan upaya aktif manusia dalam membina hubungan dengan lingkungan hidup, yaitu dengan mengubah lingkungan alam menjedi lingkungan budaya dengan tujuan memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya yang kompleks. Sehubungan dengan kenyataan itu, Rapoport (1977) mengajukan tiga pertanyaan umum, yaitu 1) bagaimana manusia membentuk lingkungan binaan yang spesifik, 2) bagaimana lingkungan binaan tersebut memberi pengaruh pada manusia, dan 3) bagaimana bentuk-bentuk interaksi timbal baiik antara manusia dan lingkungan. Tata ruang permukiman tradisional Bali merupakan wujud adaptasi aktif terhadap lingkungan hidup dengan pola pemanfaatan ruang-ruang permukiman yang diiandasi filosoti agama Hindu Baii dan falsafah budaya setempat yang menghargai tinggi keseimbangan (equilibrium). Tata ruang tradisional sebagai wadah kehidupan tidak bebas dari pengaruh modernisasi, termasuk perkembangan teknoiogi dan masuknya nilai-nilai budaya baru. Kecenderungan masyarakat Bail untuk mempertahankan niiai-nilai keseimbangan budaya dalam menata ruang permukiman tradisional yang justru. merupakan daya tarik pariwisata, menjadi hal yang melatarbelakangi peneiitian ini.

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Spatial arrangement is a human effort in building their relations with the environment actively, changing it to be a cultural environment, to fulltill their complicated needs. According to that fact, Rapoport (1977) proposed three general questions, 1) how do people shape their environment?, 2) how and to what extent does the physical environment affect people??, 3) how do people and environment act in this two-way interaction? Spatial arrangement in the traditional Balinese settlement was an active adaptation toward the environment based on the spatial settlement pattem. their heritage, the Hindu Bali religious, and the vemaoular culture philosophy which highly appreciated the equilibrium. Traditional spatial arrangement as an ordered for the living environment was not free from the modernization influences, included technology and the new culture values. Tendency to conserve the equilibrium culture values in spatial arrangement of the traditional Balinese settlement which exactly will be attractived for tourism, was the main reason for this study."

"Sebagian penderita tekanan darah tinggi di Indonesia menggunakan pengobatan tradisional di samping obat-obatan antihipertensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beberapa pengobatan tradisonal seperti buah pace, belimbing, bawang putih, atau jamu, yang dipercaya dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada hipertensi stage 1 dan 2. Data diperoleh dari hasil survai lapangan yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa tingkat 2 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia tahun 2001, 2002, 2003 di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara random dari klaster rukun tetangga. Wawancara dan pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan di rumah subjek oleh mahasiswa yang terlatih di bawah pengawasan staf pengajar. Terdapat 496 subjek dengan hipertensi stage 1 dan 2 dan sebanyak 11,5% menggunakan obat-obatan antihipertensi. Subjek hipertensi stage 2 yang minum obat antihipertensi 5,4 kali lipat jika dibandingkan dengan subjek hipertensi stage 1 (rasio odds suaian 5,44; 95% interval kepercayaan = 2,64 ? 11,27). Pengobatan tradisional yang dilakukan oleh subjek hipertensi terutama ketimun, belimbing, dan buah pace. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan kebiasaan yang kuat memakai obat tradisional dalam masyarakat, terbatasnya fasilitas kesehatan, dan harga obat antihipertensi yang mahal. Disimpulkan bahwa di daerah pedesaan, para penderita hipertensi melakukan pengobatan gabungan obat antihipertensi dengan obat-obat tradisional. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 246-51)

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Some hypertensive subjects in Indonesia consume traditional herbal medicines in addition to the usual pharmacological drugs. This paper studied the relationship between several traditional herbal medicines, such as morinda, star fruit, garlic, or jamu, believed to control hypertension and the risk of current pharmacological antihypertensive drug users in subjects with stage 1 and 2 hypertension in a rural community West Java, Indonesia. The data were obtained from 3 field studies by the second year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 in a subdistrict of the Bogor regency. The subjects were selected randomly from neighborhood clusters. Interviews and blood pressure measurements were conducted at the houses of the subjects by specially trained second year medical students supervised by faculty members. There were 496 subjects with stage 1 or 2 hypertension, with 11.5% under current antihypertensive drugs. Compared with the hypertension stage 1 subjects, hypertension stage 2 subjects were 5.4 times more likely to be currently taking pharmacological antihypertensive medication (adjusted odds ratio = 5.44; 95% confidence interval = 2.64-11.27). The combined of current antihypertensive medication with traditional medicines were cucumber which being the most dominant followed by star fruit and morinda. Reasons for this were probably the strong influence of culture, the limited medical facilities, and high cost of the antihypertensive drugs. It was concluded that in a rural Indonesia, it was common for hypertensive subjects to take pharmacological drugs as well as traditional medicine for antihypertensive therapy. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 246-51)"