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ABSTRAK

Nama : Komang Ayu Henny AchjarProgram Studi : Program Doktoral Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas IndonesiaJudul Pengembangan Model Keperawatan Wisatawan Pantai (KWP) melalui Pos Kesehatan Pantai (Poskespan) untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Balawista, Keselamatan dan Kepuasan Wisatawan di Provinsi Bali.Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang dikelilingi pantai, potensi besar berkembangnya pelayanan wisata. Risiko kecelakaan yang terjadi pada wisatawan dan masyarakat di area khusus pantai sebenarnya dapat direduksi melalui pencegahan primer dan pencegahan sekunder, dan menjadi kewenangan tenaga kesehatan yang bertugas di Puskesmas yang mewilayahi pantai, salah satunya peran perawat komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model keperawatan wisatawan pantai (KWP) melalui pos kesehatan pantai (Poskespan) untuk meningkatkan perilaku balawista, keselamatan dan kepuasan wisatawan di pantai Kabupaten Badung Provinsi Bali. Desain penelitian ini adalah riset operasional dengantiga tahap yaitu Tahap I identifikasi masalah, tahap II pengembangan model dan modul, tahap III uji coba model keperawatan wisatawan pantai (KWP) melalui Pos Kesehatan Pantai (Poskespan) menggunakan studi penelitian kuantitatif quasy experiment pre post test with control group, dengan tehnik sampling cluster sampling. Model pengembangan keperawatan wisatawan pantai (KWP) melalui Poskespan dilakukan di pantai kecamatan Kuta Tengah kabupaten Badung yaitu Kuta, Legian dan Seminyak, pada 59 balawista dan 720 wisatawan. Uji statistik yang digunakan chi square, uji t, General Linier Model-Repeated Measure (GLM-RM). Terbentuknya model keperawatan wisatawan pantai melalui poskespan berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi 14 tema dan studi literatur menggunakan integrasi community as parthner model ke dalam precede model, menggunakan strategi keperawatan komunitas yaitu pendidikan kesehatan, parthnership, empowerment capacity building. Hasil uji didapatkan ada pengaruh model keperawatan wisatawan pantai (KWP) melalui Poskespan terhadap perilaku balawista, keselamatan dan kepuasan wisatawan, sehingga diharapkan model ini dapat dijadikan salah satu upaya kesehatan bersumberdaya masyarakat (UKBM) pada kelompok khusus masyarakat pantai di Indonesia dengan melibatkan peran perawat puskesmas yang mewilayahi pantai untuk supervisi kegiatan luar gedung Puskesmas/ pendampingan ke Poskespan.Kata Kunci : Keperawatan wisatawan pantai, perilaku, keselamatan, kepuasan

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ABSTRACT

Name : Komang Ayu Henny AchjarStudy program Doctoral Program Faculty of Nursing, University of IndonesiaTitle The Development of Coastal Tourism Nursing (CTN) through Coastal Health Post (Poskespan) to Improve Behavior of Balawista, Tourists Safety and Satisfaction in Bali Province.Indonesia is an archipelagic country surrounded by the beach, and it is a great potential development of tourism services. The risk of accidents occurring on tourists and the public in a special area of the beach actually can be reduced through primary prevention and secondary prevention, and be the authority of the health personnel of health centers on duty at the beach, one of them is a community nurse role. This study aims to develop coast tourist nursing (CTN) model through coastal health post (Poskespan) to the behavior of Balawista, safety and satisfaction of tourists on the Badung regency beach in Bali province. This desain is operational research through in three phases, namely Phase I problem identification, phase II model development and manufacture of modules and phase III trials of coastal tourism nursing (CTN) model, used quantitative research studies “quasy pre-post test experiment with control group”, with a cluster sampling technique. A coastal tourism nursing (CTN) through coastal health post (Poskespan) model in sub-district Central Kuta beach, Badung Regency, which were Kuta, Legian and Seminyak, at 59 Balawista and 720 tourists. The statistical test used chi square, t test, General Linear Model Repeated Measure (GLM-RM). The establishment of Coastal Tourism Nursing (CTN) model through Coastal Health Post (Poskespan) based on the results of exploration of 14 themes and literature studies using the integration of community as parthner model into precede model, use strategic community of nursing as health education, parthnership, empowerment and capacity building. The test results found that there was an effect of coastal tourism nursing (CTN) through coastal health post (Poskespan) to the Balawista behavior, safety and satisfaction of tourists, so expect this Poskespan model can be used as one of the efforts Community Based Health (UKBM) on a special group in the Indonesian coastal communities by involving nurse in public health center to supervise activities outside the community health center building / mentoring to Poskespan.Keywords: Coastal tourism nursing, behavior, safety, satisfaction

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"Tambak terlantar merupakan man made breeding places pada daerah endemis malaria di ekosistem pantai Pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor dapat memutuskan rantai penularan malaria Penerapan manajemen terpadu yaitu manajemen kasus dan manajemen lingkungan dalam pengendalian malaria merupakan key alternative terutama pada daerah endemis dengan jumlah habitat perindukan vektor berupa tambak terlantar yang luas Pengelolaan tambak terlantar perlu menerapkan prinsip berkelanjutan yaitu mempertimbangkan aspek ekologi ekonomi sosial kelembagaan dan teknologi Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan model pengendalian malaria melalui pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor berkelanjutan Lokasi penelitian adalah desa Sukarame Sukamaju dan Kampung Baru Kecamatan Punduh Pedada Kabupaten Pesawaran Propinsi Lampung Metode yang digunakan untuk pemilihan alternatif pengelolaan tambak terlantar berkelanjutan yaitu Analytical Network Process ANP Penyusunan model pengendalian malaria melalui pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor menggunakan metode System Dynamics Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urutan alternatif pengelolaan tambak terlantar agar tidak menjadi habitat perindukan vektor yang mempertimbangkan aspek aspek keberlanjutan adalah budi daya ikan Nila Bandeng 27 Budi daya udang 22 rehabilitasi mangrove 18 mengeringkan tambak 12 mengalirkan air laut ke tambak 10 dan membersihkan ganggang atau lumut 9 Urutan kriteria yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam pemilihan alternatif pengelolaan tambak terlantar adalah aspek lingkungan 26 sosial 24 Teknologi 18 Kelembagaan 17 dan ekonomi 15 Skenario terbaik pada model pengendalian malaria melalui pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor berkelanjutan dilakukan dengan intervensi predator 60 dan rehabilitasi mangrove 10 Pengelolaan tambak terlantar membutuhkan keterlibatan lintas sektor yaitu instansi Dinas Perikanan 70 pengusaha tambak 80 peran serta aktif masyarakat 50 dan keterlibatan instansi Dinas Kesehatan 70 dalam manajemen kasus malaria Pengendalian malaria melalui pengelolaan habitat perindukan vektor berkelanjutan dapat menurunkan habitat perindukan vektor 8 28 kepadatan larva Anopheles sp 55 2 nyamuk Anopheles sp 11 68 dan kasus malaria 25 78

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Derelict ponds are man made breeding places in endemic areas in coastal ecosystems Vector breeding habitat management can break the chain of transmission of malaria Implementation of the integrated management of case management and environmental management in malaria control is a key alternative especially in endemic areas by the number of vector breeding habitats such as ponds abandoned areas Management of abandoned farms need to apply sustainable principles that consider the ecological economic social institutional and technological The purpose of this study is to formulate a model of malaria control through sustainable management of vector breeding habitats The research location is the village Sukarame Sukamaju and Kampung Baru Punduh Pedada subdistrict Pesawaran district Lampung province The method used for the selection of alternative sustainable management of derelict ponds were Analytical Network Process ANP Modeling the control of malaria through vector breeding habitat management using System Dynamics The results showed that the sequence of alternative farm management so as not to be stranded vector breeding habitats that considers aspects of sustainability are Tilapia aquaculture Milk 27 shrimp cultivation 22 rehabilitation of mangroves 18 dry ponds 12 sea water flowing into the pond 10 and cleaning algae or moss 9 The order of the criteria to be considered in the selection of alternative to derelict farm management are environment 26 social 24 technology 18 institutional 17 and economy 15 The best case scenario in a model of malaria control through sustainable management of vector breeding habitat is done by the intervention predators 60 and mangrove rehabilitation 10 Management of abandoned farms that require cross sector involvement Fisheries agencies 70 farm employers 80 public participation 50 and the Public Health Service agency involvement 70 in malaria case management Control of malaria vector breeding habitat through sustainable management can reduce vector breeding habitats of 8 28 density of larval Anopheles sp 55 2 the mosquito Anopheles sp 11 68 and decrease malaria cases of 25 78 "

"Tujuan tesis ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan pengembangan kawasan pesisir di Kabupaten Karimun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan cara menyebar kuesioner kepada para “expert” sebanyak 12 responden yang terdiri dari pelaksana kebijakan, pemerhati kebijakan dan dianggap paling tahu permasalahan kegiatan pengembangan kawasan pesisir di Kabupaten Karimun.Fokus penelitian ini adalah memberikan penilaian pada bobot stakeholder dan kriteria proyek yang telah disusun secara sistematis dalam suatu hirarkis melalui skala perbandingan. Stakeholder yang menjadi pemerhati pelaksanaan pengembangan kawasan pesisir terdiri dari : DPRD, LSM, Asosiasi Kelompok Nelayan, Media Massa dan Dosen, Kriteria evaluasi dalam pengembangan kawasan pesisir yaitu : Efektifitas, Efisiensi dan Responsivitas dengan Objek kriteria untuk melihat evaluasi terdiri dari : Input, Output dan Benefits. Adapun proyek yang menjadi fokus dalam pelaksanaan pengembangan kawasan pesisir adalah : Coastal Road, Pemukiman Nelayan Sei. Ayam, dan Pengembangan Kawasan Mangrove.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kebijakan pengembangan kawasan pesisir di Kabupaten Karimun lebih menonjol pada sisi stakeholder Media Massa, hal tersebut ditunjukan dengan bobot prioritas tertinggi dalam analisis (0,236) dibandingkan dengan 4 stakeholder lainnya. Secara umum pada setiap stakeholder kebijakan, kriteri efektifitas merupakan kriteria yang paling penting dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan. Objek kriteria pada kriteria evaluasi yang paling penting dan mendapatkan bobot tertinggi yaitu benefits dengan bobot (0,559). Hasil sintesa hirarki dan analisis keseluruhan menunjukan bahwa rekomendasi alternatif proyek yang disarankan di masa yang akan datang adalah pelaksanaan proyek Coastal Road dengan bobot tertinggi sebanyak 0,529.

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The aim of this thesis to evaluate the development of coastal policy in the Karimun Regency. This research was conducted by quantitative methods approach Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research was conducted by way of questionnaires to spread the "expert" as many as 12 respondents consisting of policy implementation, and policy observers deemed most problems of coastal development activities in Karimun Regency.

This research focused an assess project focus and criteria which sistematically arranged in a hierarchy with pairwise comparison. Stakeholders become observers of the implementation of coastal development consists of: Parliament, NGOs, Association of Fishermen Group, Mass Media and Lecturers, the evaluation criteria in the development of coastal areas, namely: effectiveness, efficiency and responsiveness of the attractions to see evaluation criteria consists of: Input, Output and Benefits. The project was the focus in the implementation of the development of coastal areas are: Coastal Road, Settlement Fishermen Sei. Chicken and Mangrove Area Development.

The results showed that the policy of coastal development in the District Karimun more prevalent in the mass media stakeholders, it is indicated by the weight of the highest priorities in the analysis (0.236) compared with 4 other stakeholders. In general, at each stakeholder policy, kriteri effectiveness is the most important criterion in the implementation of the policy. Attractions on the criteria most important evaluation criteria and get the benefits with the highest weight is the weight (0.559). The synthesis and analysis of the overall hierarchy shows that the recommended project alternative recommendations in the days to come is the implementation of the Coastal Road project with the highest weight as much as 0.529."

"Pesisir selatan Kabupaten Pacitan merupakan salah satu wilayah yang berbatasan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia dan memiliki sebuah teluk bernama Teluk Pacitan. Proses erosi dan sedimentasi perlu diketahui untuk melihat kondisi fisik pantai. Ukuran dan diameter butir sedimen merupakan bagian dari sifat-sifat sedimen yang dapat memberikan informasi tentang proses transport sedimen. Distribusi sedimen memberikan gambaran mengenai asal sedimen, sejarah transportasi, dan kondisi pengendapannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lingkungan sedimentasi dan menganalisis variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap diameter butir sedimen. Metode pengambilan sampel daerah acak berstrata pada setiap segmen sepanjang 150x150 meter untuk pengumpulan sampel sedimen dan data kemiringan gisik pantai. Pengelompokkan sedimen dari hasil pengayakan yang dilakukan di laboratorium P2O LIPI berdasarkan skala Wentworth dan dilakukan uji granulometri. Arus pantai dan energi geombang diperoleh dari sumber data BMKG Ocean Forecast System. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sedimen dengan jenis pasir mendominasi di semua pantai. Nilai mean pada pantai hadapan samudera berkisar antara -0.18 ndash; 2.43, sorting adalah well sorted hingga poorly sorted, skewness adalah very fine skewed hingga very coarse skewed, dan kurtosis adalah very leptokurtic dan extremely leptokurtic. Pantai hadapan teluk, nilai mean 2.20 ndash; 4.49 dari sisi barat hingga timur, sorting adalah very well sorted hingga moderately sorted, skewness adalah very fine skewed hingga coarse skewed, dan kurtosis adalah very leptokurtic dan extremely leptokurtic. Hasil uji statistik dengan Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda diperoleh hasil arus pantai, energi gelombang, dan keimiringan gisik pantai berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap diameter butir sedimen.

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The southern coast of Pacitan regency is one of the areas directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean and has a bay called Pacitan Bay. The process of erosion and sedimentation should be known to see the physical condition of the beach. The size and diameter of the sediment grains are part of the sedimentary properties that can provide information about the sediment transport process. Sediment distribution provides an overview of the origin of sediments, transportation history, and deposition conditions. This study aims to analyze the sedimentation environment and analyze the variables that have the most influence on the diameter of the sediment grains. Methods of sampling stratified random areas on each segment along 150x150 meters for collection of sediment samples and slope data of coastal gradients. The grouping of sediments from the sieving result conducted in LIPI P2O laboratory based on Wentworth scale and granulometry test. Coastal currents and wave energy are obtained from BMKG Ocean Forecast System data source. The results showed that sediment with sand types dominates on all beaches. Mean values on oceanfront beaches range from 0.18 2.43, sorting is well sorted to poorly sorted, skewness is very fine skewed to very coarse skewed, and kurtosis is very leptokurtic and extremely leptokurtic. Beachfront bay, mean value 2.20 4.49 from west to east side, sorting is very well sorted to moderately sorted, skewness is very fine skewed to coarse skewed, and kurtosis is very leptokurtic and extremely leptokurtic. The result of statistical test with Multiple Linear Regression Analysis showed that coastal currents, wave energy, and the slope of the coastal gradient influence simultaneously to the diameter of the sediment grains."

"Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang mempunyai ekosistem alam yang luas namun pemanfaatannya belum optimal. Ekosistem tersebut memberikan jasa dan nilai yang berhubungan dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Nilai setiap jasa ekosistem dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dampak pembangunan agar tidak merugikan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar. Masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu belum dilakukannya pengelolaan pesisir berbasis nilai jasa ekosistem, padahal mengetahui nilai jasa ekosistem pesisir dibutuhkan sebagai pertimbangan pengambilan keputusan pengelola untuk mencapai pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis jasa ekosistem pesisir yang tersedia berdasarkan tipologinya, menganalisis karakteristik jasa ekosistem pesisir berdasarkan hak kepemilikan, pengelolaan, dan penerima manfaatnya, menganalisis nilai ekonomi jasa ekositem pesisir, dan merumuskan pengelolaan pesisir untuk peningkatan nilai jasa ekosistem. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis penggunaan lahan, statistik deskriptif dan valuasi ekonomi berupa surplus produsen dan replacement cost. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jasa ekosistem utama adalah jasa penyedia pangan dari ekosistem laut dan jasa ekosistem rekreasi. Desa yang potensial dikembangkan dengan membuka investasi pembangunan adalah Desa Tanjung Anom dan Desa Surya Bahari. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pembangunan di kawasan pesisir harus memperhatikan nilai manfaat yang masyarakat terima selama ini dari jasa ekosistem yang tersedia.

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Coastal Tangerang Regency has a wide natural ecosystem, but its utilization is not optimal. The ecosystem provides services and values ​​related to community welfare. The value of each ecosystem service can be used as a reference for development impacts so as not to harm the welfare of the surrounding community.

The problem in this study is that the management of coastal ecosystems based on ecosystem service values ​​has not yet been carried out, whereas knowing the value of coastal ecosystem services is needed as consideration for management decisions to achieve sustainable development.

The research objective is to analyze the available coastal ecosystem services based on their typology, analyze the characteristics of coastal ecosystem services based on ownership rights, management, and beneficiaries, analyze the economic value of coastal ecosystem services, and formulate coastal management to increase the value of ecosystem services.

The method used is land use analysis, descriptive statistics, and economic valuations in the form of producer surpluses and replacement costs.

The results showed that the main ecosystem services are food service providers from the marine ecosystem and recreational ecosystem services. The villages that have the potential to be developed by opening investment in development are Tanjung Anom Village and Surya Bahari Village.

This study concludes that development in coastal areas must pay attention to the value of the benefits that people have received so far from the available ecosystem services."

"Batang Regency as the northern coastal area of Java islandexperiences a problem of land use management that has not been optimal so that there is a need for analysis of land use development in the coastal area of Batang Regency. The purpose of this study is to examine the direction of land use development in coastal areas of Batang Regency with spatial analysis. This research method implementsquantitative approach while the analytical techniqueis spatial analysis. Spatial analysis is performed to identify land use of thecoastal area in Batang Regency. The study scope of coastal areasis based on administrative subdistricts located along the coast of Batang Regency. This research utilizes Spot satellite image year 2015 with the map of regionalspatial pattern plan of Batang Regency in 20112031. The spatial analysis result of land use developmentinBatang Regency’s coastal area includes the suitable category of 18.130,65 (56,32%) while the unsuitable category is 14.059,44 (43,68%). Batang Sub-district’s suitable category is 1.214,03 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.220,51 ha. Kandeman Sub-district’s suitable category is 1.565.02 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.610,65 ha. TulisSub-district’ssuitablecategory is 2.452,98 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.055,80 ha. Subah Sub-district’ssuitablecategory is 5.381,89 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.970,28 ha. Banyuputih Sub-district’s suitable category is 2.314,61 ha, while the unsuitable category is 2.127,89 ha. Gringsing Subdistrict’s suitablecategory is 5.202,12 ha, while the unsuitable categoryis 2.074,31 ha.The conclusion of land use planning development for Batang and Kandeman Sub-districts is that there are still a lot of lands designated for residential development. Subah Sub-district is for fisheries development while Tulis, Banyuputih, and Gringsing Sub-districts are for industrial development."

"Kewajiban menjaga wilayah laut adalah tugas dan tanggung jawab yang menjadi kewajiban dari negara pantai. Untuk melakukan peran penjagaan tersebut, negara pantai membuat lembaga penjaga pantai yang dikenal dengan nama Coast Guard. Lembaga ini bertugas menjaga wilayah pesisir negara pantai di mana tidak ada ketentuan internasional yang mendefinisikan peran dan tugas dari Coast Guard. Hal ini dikarenakan definisi hingga penugasan tersebut diserahkan sepenuhnya kepada negara-negara yang memiliki Coast Guard selama tidak bertentangan dengan Hukum Internasional yang berlaku. Pada praktiknya telah ada negara-negara yang memiliki Coast Guard yang telah berusia lebih dari seratus (100) tahun. Akan tetapi ada beberapa negara yang Coast Guard nya masih berusia muda, salah satu nya adalah lembaga Coast Guard Indonesia yang bernama Badan Keamanan Laut (Bakamla). Usia muda dari Coast Guard Indonesia ini memantik beberapa permasalahan, bahkan para akademisi dan praktisi meragukan status Bakamla sebagai Coast Guard Indonesia. Skripsi akan menganalisa bagaimana kedudukan dan perbandingan peranan Coast Guard di beberapa negara dalam menjaga Wilayah Laut di mana hal tersebut diharapkan akan menjadi bahan masukan kepada Bakamla Indonesia agar dapat berkembang lebih baik lagi.

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The duty to safeguard the maritime zones becomes the responsibility and the obligation for the coastal states. For ensuring those responsibilities on track, the coastal state establishes government body which has the primary obligation to taking care the coastal area named Coast Guard. There are no such international laws, rules nor regulations which explain any detail of the Coast Guard Role. It is simply because every country has rights to determine the definition, roles and responsibility of the Coast Guard as long as not contravene with the International Law. Practically, there are countries which have already had Coast Guard for more than one hundred (100) year. Yet there are some countries which still green in making Coast Guard-like governmental body, one of these countries is Indonesia which has Badan Keamanan Laut (Bakamla) who named themselves as Indonesian Coast Guard. Lack of experiences is one of the many uprising criticism towards Bakamla, even scholars and practitioners doubts the nomenclature of Bakamla as the Indonesian Coast Guard. This thesis shall give in depth analysis on how can Bakamla improve itself by looking at the role and the responsibility between other countries? Coast Guard comparing with the Bakamla Indonesia."