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"The "Hamburg lectures on maritime affairs", giving distinguished scholars and practitioners the opportunity to present and discuss recent developments in this field. The present volume, the second in the series, collects eight of the lectures held in 2009 and 2010 by David Joseph Attard, Lucius Caflisch, Beate Czerwenka, Lars Gorton, Francesco Munari, Kyriaki Noussia, Peter Wetterstein and Wolfgang Wurmnest."

"Kenaikan Permukaan Laut merupakan salah satu dampak dari Perubahan Iklim yang memiliki dampak tidak hanya terhadap keberlangsungan hidup masyarakat pesisir, namun juga terhadap Negara Pesisir tersebut. Dampak dari Kenaikan Permukaan Laut tersebut menimbulkan pembahasan mengenai keberlangsungan dari Garis Pangkal suatu Negara, yakni apakah Garis Pangkal tersebut menyesuaikan dengan Kenaikan Permukaan Laut atau tidak. Pembahasan tersebut kemudian membuahkan pembahasan yang lebih mendalam, yakni apakah Kenaikan Permukaan Laut kemudian berdampak secara langsung kepada Perjanjian Delimitasi Maritim. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk membahas mengenai bisa atau tidaknya Kenaikan Permukaan Laut dijadikan dasar untuk menerapkan Amandemen Perjanjian ataupun Rebus sic Stantibus terhadap Perjanjian Delimitasi Maritim. Tulisan ini ditulis dengan menggunakan metode penulisan hukum normatif untuk menghasilkan data deskriptif analitis. Selanjutnya, temuan penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan teori Perjanjian Internasional, Kenaikan Permukaan Laut hanya dapat dijadikan dasar Amandemen Perjanjian Delimitasi Maritim, namun tidak bisa dijadikan dasar penerapan Rebus sic Stantibus dikarenakan tidak memenuhi syarat, namun secara praktik kedua tindakan tersebut ditolak penerapannya oleh Negara-Negara.

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Sea Level Rise is one of the direct impacts caused by Climate Change, in which not only does it affect the livelihood of coastal settlements, but also for the Coastal State itself. Its effects had prompted discussions regarding whether the Baselines of a Coastal State act in accordance with the Sea Level Rise, or whether they stay permanent. Said discussion also provides another, more complex, discussion, regarding whether Sea Level Rise has an immediate effect on Maritime Delimitation Agreements. This thesis aims to discuss and analyze whether Sea Level Rise may or may not be used as a means of conducting Treaty Amendment or even Rebus sic Stantibus towards established Maritime Delimitation Agreements. This thesis was written using the normative legal writing method to produce analytical descriptive data. Furthermore, this thesis concludes that, based on legal theories in the Law of Treaties Sea Level Rise may only be used as a basis for the Amendment of Maritime Delimitation Agreements and not the application of the Rebus sic Stantibus doctrine, as it does not fulfill the requirements, but in practice both actions and its application is rejected by a majority of States."

"Fokus dari tesis ini di sini adalah Laut Timor yang merupakan daerah terbesar di mana zona maritim negara negara tetangga tumpang tindih satu sama lain yaitu Indonesia Australia dan Timor Leste Tumpang tindih yurisdiksi ini disebabkan karena prinsip yang berbeda dari batas maritim delimitasi diadopsi oleh negara negara yang berbeda Itu wajar bahwa setiap negara akan mengadopsi prinsip prinsip delimitasi batas maritim yang paling sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka masing masing negara yang terlibat akan gigih dan keras kepala dalam memegang posisi masing masing dan kesepakatan bersama belum pernah tercapai meskipun adanya negosiasi dan perdebatan yang luas diantara para pihak Melalui tesis ini kita akan pergi melalui pengembangan negosiasi dan kesepakatan yang berkaitan dengan masalah ini yang mengakibatkan beberapa perumusan perjanjian bilateral Selanjutnya tesis ini akan mengeksplorasi pembentukan Zona Pengembangan Bersama Joint Development Zone sebagai tindakan sementara untuk mengeksploitasi sumber daya alam yang tersedia dari wilayah sengketa Ini akan membuat semua klaim atas batas delimitasi maritim ditahan sementara negara negara tetangga akan bekerja sama untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya tersebut Tesis ini akan menunjukkan apakah skema tersebut memang akan menguntungkan atau kurang menguntungkan bagi pihak yang terlibat Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk menemukan solusi optimal untuk menyelesaikan sengketa yang sedang berlangsung pada klaim batas maritim untuk selamanya.

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The focus of this thesis here is the Timor Sea, which represent the largest area where the maritime zones of neighboring countries overlapping each other, namely Indonesia, Australia and Timor Leste. This overlapping of jurisdiction is caused due to different principles of maritime boundaries delimitation adopted by different countries. It is natural that each country will adopt principles of maritime boundaries delimitation that will best suit their needs, each countries involved are persistent and stubborn in holding their respective positions and mutual agreement has never been reached albeit such extensive and contentious negotiations among the parties.

Through this thesis, we will go through the development of negotiations and agreements relating to this issue that resulted in the formulation of multiple bilateral treaties. Furthermore, this thesis is going to explore the establishment of Joint Development Zone (JDZ) as temporary provisional measures to exploit available natural resources from the disputed area. This will put all maritime boundary delimitation claims on hold while neighboring countries will cooperate to utilize such resources. This thesis will show whether such scheme will indeed be beneficial or less beneficial for the parties involved. The purpose of this thesis is to find the optimal solution to settle this ongoing dispute on maritime boundary delimitation claims once and for all."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang kemungkinan penerapan skema pajak karbon di industri pelayaran maritim. Perubahan iklim saat ini merupakan salah satu masalah terbesar yang dihadapi bumi, dengan emisi gas rumah kaca menjadi salah satu penyebab utama pemanasan global. Perjanjian Paris adalah salah satu perjanjian terpenting yang mencakup perubahan iklim, tetapi belum secara eksplisit memasukkan industri perkapalan maritim, meskipun itu adalah sumber sekitar 3% dari emisi gas rumah kaca dunia. Sebagai badan organisasi internasional utama mengenai operasi maritim, International Maritime Organization (IMO) telah menempatkan fokus pada pengurangan emisi karbon dari industri perkapalan melalui serangkaian langkah dan target, di antaranya adalah skema market-based- measures. Melalui analisis artikel, studi, dan perbandingan, skripsi ini akan menunjukkan bagaimana pajak karbon dapat menjadi opsi yang memungkinkan untuk market-based-measures IMO. Pajak karbon akan menginternalisasi biaya eksternal untuk emisi yang disebabkan oleh industri dan pendapatan yang dikumpulkan darinya dapat digunakan untuk dana yang dapat membantu pendanaan mitigasi perubahan iklim dalam sektor pelayaran, penelitian dan pengembangan bahan bakar nol-karbon, dan membiayai pembangunan jangka panjang dan jangka pendek.

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This thesis discusses about the possibility of implementing a carbon tax scheme in the maritime shipping industry. Climate change is currently one of the biggest problems that the earth is facing, with greenhouse gas emissions being one of the most prominent causes of global warming. The Paris Agreement is one of the most important treaties that covers climate change, but it has yet to explicitly include the maritime shipping industry, even though it’s the source of approximately 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. As the primary international organizational body regarding maritime operations, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has placed a focus on reducing carbon emissions from the shipping industry through a series of measures and targets, amongst which is the market-based- mechanism scheme. Through the incorporation of articles, studies, and comparisons, this thesis will demonstrate how a carbon tax could be a possible option for IMO’s market-based-measure. A carbon tax would internalise external costs for the emissions caused by the industry and the revenue collected from it could be used towards a fund that could aid in funding of in-sector climate change mitigation, research and development of zero-carbon fuels, and short- and long- term development."

"Now in its fourth edition, this authoritative guide covers all of the core aspects of maritime law in one distinct volume. Maritime Law is written by a team of leading academics and practitioners, each expert in their own field. Together, they provide clear, concise and fully up-to-date coverage of topics ranging from bills of lading to arrest of ships, all written in an accessible and engaging style. As English law is heavily relied on throughout the maritime world, this book is grounded in English law whilst continuing to analyse the key international conventions currently in force.Brand new coverage includes:The entry into force of the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements, 2005 and greater detail on Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (recast).The entry into force of the Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks, 2007.Discussion on the Arctic Sunrise and Duzgit Integrity arbitrations and the "Enrica Lexie" Incident (Italy v India), Provisional Measures in the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Analysis of the Insurance Act 2015.Comment on recent cases including London Steam Ship Owners Mutual Insurance Association Ltd v Spain (The Prestige) and PST Energy 7 Shipping LLC v OW Bunker Malta Ltd (The Res Cogitans). This book is a comprehensive reference source for students, academics and legal practitioners worldwide, especially those new to maritime law or a particular field therein"

"ABSTRAKThe 1982 United Nations on the Law of the Sea memberikan diferensiasi terkait dengan fitur-fitur maritim di dalamnya. Walaupun demikian, masih terdapat perdebatan terkait dengan status hukum dari fitur-fitur maritim tersebut, khususnya terkait dengan pembedaan golongan Pulau serta Batuan. Penggolongan ini penting karena golongan tersebut mempengaruhi titel dari suatu fitur maritim yang bersangkutan terhadap zona maritim. UNCLOS memberikan hak atas Pulau memiliki hak atas seluruh zona maritim, sementara Batuan hanya memiliki hak atas laut teritorial. Skripsi ini kemudian melaksanakan analisis terhadap berbagai fitur maritim untuk menyimpulkan apakah suatu fitur maritim digolongkan sebagai pulau dengan menggunakan standar elemen sosio-ekonomi yang dijelaskan dalam putusan Laut China Selatan, dimana diantaranya dalam kasus dimana terjadi fenomena island-building. Simpulan dari permasalahan tersebut ialah walaupun perkembangan teknologi telah signifikan sehingga dapat dilaksanakan modifikasi terhadap fitur maritim asli, namun hal ini tidak mempengaruhi status hukum serta titel dari zona maritim yang bersangkutan.

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ABSTRAK

The 1982 United Nations on the Law of the Sea gives differentiation on offshore maritime features. However, problem arises on the legal status of those features, particularly on the matter of island and rocks under the regime of island. This is caused by the fact that differentiation between islands and rocks have a different effects on the feature rsquo s maritime zone. The 1982 United Nations on the Law of the Sea gives islands full entitlement to all maritime zone, however, rocks are only entitled to the territorial sea. This thesis analyzes on various disputed maritime features to conclude whether a maritime feature is an island based upon the socio economic element of an island as explained in the recent decision of the South China Sea Arbitration, particularly on the case of island building and land reclamation activity. The conclusion is that modification on maritime feature can be extensive and affecting the ability of the maritime feature to sustain human habitation, however that does not change the legal status and maritime zone entitlement of the feature."