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"This volume on changing relationship between state and market, contains, besides an introductory analytic overview of the issues, accounts from different countries, regions, and thematic perspectives. Chapter authors describe and analyze government reforms and other developments that have directly or indirectly affected this relationship. Although the geographical focus is on North America, especially Mexico, South East Asia and Europe, the phenomenon is not limited to these regions and countries but worldwide."

"This book examines the key aging processes in seven countries (United States, United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, China, Nepal, and South Africa) and the main policies that have been, and are being, developed to deal with this rapid change in the demographic profile. It addresses the problems that are identified as well as the positive aspects of aging within each of these contrasting societies. "

"In a number of developed countries, tax incentives for universities have improved the quantity and quality of graduates; in the long run, recapture tax potential losses have grown due to workforces with high levels of income. Therefore it is essential to review policies on state levies in Indonesia, since only 4% of the total national workforce have university-level education. The research maps and evaluates various forms of tax incentives for education under various tax regimes. Data is gathered through documentation study, extensive interviews, and focused group discussions. The policies are evaluated using the six policy criteria proposed by Dunn (2003). Research shows that there are many types of state levies for education, both in the form of taxes and non-tax state revenue (PNBP). In general, current policies for income tax (PPh) incentives are more progressive compared to those of previous tax regimes, although other tax incentive policies still face many limitations. Furthermore, tax incentives for higher education have not fully met the requirements for effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness and appropriateness. It is our hope that findings from this research will serve as recommendations for policymakers in refining policies on tax incentives for higher education."

"Higher education the world is at present changing. One of the factors contributing is the changing economic situation. A triangle, i.e. the academic community, the state, the market demand, and the interaction between those factors, controls higher education in a country. This pattern of interaction is undergoing a transformation as most countries would like to reform their higher education system through a series of directed and systematic regulation and deregulation. Williams (1995) uses the term "marketization" for those processes.Competition in the international economy as one of the results in a heavy burden for developing countries. In the New World order human resources is an important if not the most important factor in determining the success of economic and national development. One of the result of global capitalism on higher education is the rise of competition as governments try to raise enrolment in public and private universities. This results in suffer competition should result in improved capacity to compete among universities and as a result there should be a decrease in the costs of higher education and research. Universities do not only have to compete among themselves, but also in developed countries as there is an increase in competition to obtain the best students, the best teachers, and bigger funding for education and research. Universities do not only have to compete among themselves, but also with the industrial and public sectors, for instance to get the best teachers, different countries have different approaches to this problem. Malaysia e.g. approaches the problem by empowering the universities, i.e. by giving more autonomy through corporatization of the universities."