Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"In this volume, a set of issue and country experts tackle the questions surrounding the challenges of a resurgent Russia for the world order as well as for relations between the European Union and the United States. Following a brief introduction laying out the circumstances of Russia?s rise, the book proceeds in three sections. In the first, Russian scholars tackle the topic of how a newly resurgent Russia sees the world. The second section examines Russia?s role in the contemporary global political economy in terms of trade and financial flows and nuclear energy. The third section looks at American and European responses to Russia, and the conclusion draws together the findings from each of the chapters and presents some broad propositions regarding Russia?s rise and the challenges that it presents for the US, EU and the international order in the years to come. "

"ABSTRAKKebijakan Amerika Serikat dibawah kepemimpinan presiden Donald Trump yang memindahkan kedutaan mereka dari Tel-Aviv ke Yerusallem sekaligus mengakui kedaulatan Israel terhadap kota tersebut memicu ketegangan dan instabilitas politik internasional. Kebijakan dan pengakuan tersebut ditentang oleh komunitas internasional yang menganggapnya sebagai penghianatan terhadap kesepakatan dunia menyangkut status Yerusallem sebagai corpus separatum dan dengan demikian dituding menghianati upaya perundingan damai yang seharusnya melibatkan kedua belah pihak yakni Israel dan Palestina (two state solution). Tanpa terkecuali Uni-Eropa selaku sekutu mereka juga mengecam tindakan pengakuan tersebut dan menghimbau komunitas dunia untuk tetap berpegang pada solusi dua negara. Namun tindakan Uni-Eropa itu sendiri selaku suatu organisasi supranasional nampaknya memiliki kesulitan tersendiri yang diakibatkan oleh terdapatnya beberapa negara anggota yang justru ingin mengikuti langkah Amerika untuk mengakui dan memindahkan kedutaan mereka menuju Yerusallem. Hal ini kemudian berdampak pada upaya Uni-Eropa untuk bangkit menjadi suatu kekuatan besar (great power) dalam panggung internasional terkhususnya dalam kapasitas mereka memainkan peran mereka menjaga tatanan dan ketertiban dunia internasional (Timur-tengah) sesuai dengan konsep great power management English school.

 

Kata Kunci: Pengakuan; Amerika; Uni-Eropa; Negara Anggota; Power; Tatanan & Ketertiban Dunia; English School

---

United States policy under the leadership of President Donald Trump who moved their embassy from Tel-Aviv to Yerusallem while recognizing Israel's sovereignty over the city triggered tensions and instability in international politics. The policy and recognition were opposed by the international community who considered it a betrayal of the world agreement regarding Yerusallem's status as a corpus separattum and thus accused of betraying the efforts of peace negotiations that should involve both parties namely Israel and Palestine (two state solution). Without exception, the European Union as their ally also condemned the act of recognition and called on the world community to stick to the two-state solution. But the EU action itself as a supranational organization seems to have its own difficulties caused by the presence of several member countries who want to follow America's steps to recognize and move their embassy to Yerusallem. This then had an impact on the efforts of the European Union to rise to become a great power on the international stage especially in their capacity to play their role in maintaining the international order and order (Middle-East) in accordance with the great power management concept of English school.

 

Keywords: Recognition; America; European Union; Member State; Power; World Order; English School

"

"Tesis ini menganalisis keberpihakan Uni Eropa terhadap Iran menyusul mundurnya Amerika Serikat dari Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan mengenai alasan yang berkontribusi terhadap keputusan Uni Eropa untuk berpihak pada Iran. Menggunakan Teori Ekspektasi Perdagangan yang dikembangkan oleh Dale C. Copeland, penelitian ini memetakan interaksi antara Uni Eropa, Iran, Amerika Serikat serta negara-negara kawasan Timur Tengah lainnya menjadi faktor endogen dan eksogen yang berkontribusi terhadap keputusan Uni Eropa untuk berpihak pada Iran. Menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan fokus analisis data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dari publikasi pemerintah termasuk penelitian-penelitian terdahulu mengenai JCPOA, tesis ini menemukan bahwa terdapat kepentingan politis dan komersial yang berusaha dicapai oleh Uni Eropa melalui kedekatannya dengan Iran. Hal ini kemudian mempengaruhi keberpihakan Uni Eropa terhadap Iran dalam JCPOA. Berdasarkan dari temuan tersebut, untuk mencapai kepentingannya dengan Iran, Uni Eropa harus mampu menunjukkan komitmennya dalam JCPOA dan memperluas cakupan instrumen perdagangannya dengan Iran, INSTEX, untuk menunjukkan efektivitasnya sebagai sebuah instrumen keuangan yang berkelanjutan.

---

The present work analyses European Union’s alignment with Iran following the withdrawal of the United States from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2008. This study was conducted to answer questions regarding the reasons that contributed to European Union’s decision to side with Iran. Using the Trade Expectation Theory developed by Dale C. Copeland, this study maps the interaction between the European Union, Iran, the United States, and other Middle Eastern countries into endogenous and exogenous factors that contribute to the European Union’s decision to side with Iran. This study adopts qualitative methods and focusing its analysis on secondary data collected from government publications, including previous studies on the JCPOA. Based on the analysis conducted, this study finds that there are political and commercial interest that the European Union is trying to achieve through its alignment with Iran. This then affects the European Union’s alignment with Iran in the JCPOA. Departed from these findings, to achieve its strategic interest with Iran, the EU must be able to demonstrate its commitment to the JCPOA and expand the scope of its trading instrument with Iran, INSTEX, to demonstrate its effectiveness as a sustainable financial instrument."