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"Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia adalah negara yang memiliki keberagaman suku bangsa, bahasa, budaya, bahasa dan agama, dimana pada masa lalu keberagaman ini menjadi perekat dalam merebut kemerdekaan dari tangan penjajah dan juga menjadi dasar negara (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika) didalam menjaga persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa.Namun saat ini, terutama pasca reformasi, dalam realitas kehidupan sehari-hari, keberagaman ini bukannya menjadi perekat diantara warga negara Indonesia didalam membangun negara dan bangsa Indonesia ke arah yang lebih baik,justru keberagaman ini menimbulkan benturan yang berujung kepada konflik, seperti misalnya konflik antar suku, etnis, dan konflik antar umat beragama,yang lambat laun dapat menimbulkan dampak terpecahnya rasa persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa serta berdampak bagi Ketahanan Nasional. Konflik antar umat beragama yang terjadi banyak dipicu oleh perbedaan pandangan, konsep, dan juga masalah tempat ibadah, semakin tahun semakin mengalami peningkatan baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas.Pada dasarnya setiap agama idealnya memiliki tempat dan ruang untuk melakukan ritual peribadahan, dimana wilayah transedental menjadi tujuan utama mengapa masing-masing agama memerlukan tempat ibadah sebagai sarana untuk menghubungkan spiritualis manusia dengan Tuhan, namun yang terjadi adalah ketika tempat ibadah menjadi urusan negara dan urusan publik, maka perlahan-lahan fenomena tempat ibadah menjadi hal yang sangat rentan dengan konflik antar umat beragama terutama ketika dilihat dari sudut pandang kelompok mayoritas dan minoritas.Dalam tesis ini, peneliti mencoba meneliti konflik antar umat beragama yang pernah terjadi dengan tema "Pengaruh Fanatisme Beragama Terhadap Kegiatan Kebebasan Beragama Dan Beribadah Sesuai Agama Dan Kepercayaan Yang Dianutnya, Dan Dampaknya Bagi Ketahanan Nasional" dengan Studi Kasus : Penolakan Keberadaan Tempat Ibadah Gereja HKBP di Perumahan Pondok Timur Indah Kota Bekasi dan Penolakan Pendirian Tempat Ibadah Gereja GKI di Taman Yasmin Kota Bogor.Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan sumber data primer, sumber data sekunder, serta studi kepustakaan yang berkaitan dengan bahan penelitian.

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Republic of Indonesia is a country that has ethnic diversity, language, culture, language and religion, where in the past this diversity into the adhesive in freedom from the hands of the invaders and also the basis of the State (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika) in maintaining unity and the unity of the nation.But this time, especially after the Reformation, in the reality of everyday life, this diversity instead of being adhesive between the citizens of Indonesia in building the country and people of Indonesia towards the better, thus this diversity gives rise to conflicts which led to conflicts, such as conflicts between the tribes, the ethnic and religious conflicts, which can gradually cause the impact of splitting the unity and the unity of the nation and affects National Security.Thus this diversity gives rise to conflicts which led to conflicts, such as conflicts between the tribes, the ethnic and religious conflicts, which can gradually cause the impact of splitting the unity and the unity of the nation and affects National Security. Conflicts between believers which happen many triggered by differences of view, concept, and also the problem of places of worship, the more years the experience increased both in quantity and quality.Basically every religion should ideally have a place and space to perform the ritual of religious, where the main purpose of the transedental why each religion requires places of worship as a means to connect the man to the spiritualist God, yet what happens is when a place of worship become Affairs of State and public affairs, then slowly a phenomenon a place of worship is very vulnerable with conflicts between religious especially when viewed from the perspective of the majority and minority groups.In this thesis, the researchers tried to examine the religious conflicts that have occurred with the theme of " The Influence of Religious Fanaticism Against Freedom of Religion And Worship According To Religion And Beliefs Adhered, And The Impact of The National Security " with Case Studies: Denial of The Existence of a Place of Worship Church HKBP Pondok Timur Indah of Bekasi City And Rejection of The Establishment of Places of Worship, Church GKI Taman Yasmin of Bogor City.This research was conducted using qualitative research methods to take advantage of primary data source, secondary data sources, as well as studies related to library research materials."

""The worlds of law and religion increasingly collide in Parliament and the courtroom. Religious courts, the wearing of religious symbols and faith schools have given rise to increased legislation and litigation. This is the first student textbook to set out the fundamental principles and issues of law and religion in England and Wales. Offering a succinct exposition and critical analysis of the field, it explores how English law regulates the practice of religion. The textbook surveys law and religion from various perspectives, such as human rights and discrimination law, as well as considering the legal status of both religion and religious groups. Controversial and provocative questions are explored, promoting full engagement with the key debates. The book?s explanatory approach and detailed references ensure understanding and encourage independent study. Students can track key developments on the book?s updating website. This innovative text is essential reading for all students in the field"-- Provided by publisher."The worlds of law and religion increasingly collide in Parliament and the courtroom. Religious courts, the wearing of religious symbols and faith schools have given rise to increased legislation and litigation. This is the first student textbook to set out the fundamental principles and issues of law and religion in England and Wales. Offering a succinct exposition and critical analysis of the field, it explores how English law regulates the practice of religion. The textbook surveys law and religion from various perspectives, such as human rights and discrimination law, as well as considering the legal status of both religion and religious groups. Controversial and provocative questions are explored, promoting full engagementwith the key debates.The book?s explanatory approach and detailed references ensure understanding and encourage independent study. Students can track key developments on the book?s updating website. This innovative text is essential reading for all students in the field"-- Provided by publisher."

""Examines the management of religion in Indonesia. It discusses how Christianity has developed in Indonesia, how the state, though Muslim in outlook and culture, is nevertheless formally secular, and how the principal Christian church, the Java Christian Church, has adapted its practices to fit local circumstances"--"

"Tesis ini membahas tentang Peranan Kejaksaan dalam pengawasan aliran kepercayaan yang dapat membahayakan masyarakat dan negara dan pencegahan penyalahgunaan dan/atau penodaan agama yang diatur dalam Pasal 30 ayat (3) huruf d dan e Undang-undang Nomor 16 tahun 2004 tentang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia, yang merupakan lingkup tugas, wewenang serta fungsi Kejaksaan di bidang Intelijen Yustisial (law Intellegence) yang mengarah pada kegiatan Penyelidikan, Pengamanan dan Penggalangan untuk melakukan pencegahan tindak pidana, yang selanjutnya oleh Jaksa Agung dibentuk Tim Pakem (Pengawasan Kepercayaan Dalam Masyarakat) yang memiliki peran penting terhadap status penilaian apakah kepercayaan atau agama yang dianut seseorang dianggap sesat/menyimpang atau tidak. Ditemukan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi antara lain Tim Pakem tidak memiliki metode untuk menilai sebuah aliran kepercayaan maupun ajaran agama. Tim Pakem tidak memiliki Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) yang dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam mengambil suatu tindakan, dan kemampuan personil yang kurang professional, sehingga mengakibatkan gerak pengawasan kurang cepat dalam menghadapi ulah aliran kepercayaan menyimpang. Sementara itu kedudukan Undang-Undang No.1/PNPS/1965 tentang Penyalahgunaan dan/atau Penodaan Agama dalam mengatasi masalah penodaan agama masih tetap dibutuhkan sebagai pengendali ketertiban umum dalam rangka kerukunan umat beragama. Undang-Undang No.1/PNPS/1965 semula adalah Penetapan Presiden yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 1965 dan kemudian pada tahun 1969 diangkat menjadi undang-undang dengan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1969. Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Penjelasan Umum Undang-Undang No.1/PNPS/1965 pada butir 3 dan 4, salah satu tujuan penerbitan UU itu adalah agar ketentraman beragama dapat dinikmati oleh segenap rakyat di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, dan untuk melindungi ketentraman beragama tersebut dari penodaan atau penghinaan. Dengan kata lain, UU ini diterbitkan dengan tujuan antara lain untuk memelihara kerukunan umat beragama, baik kerukunan internal umat beragama maupun antarumat beragama.

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The thesis discusses the role of the District Attorney?s Office in supervising any beliefs which may be harmful for the society and the state and in preventing the misuse and/or the disgrace of a religion governed in Article 30 clause (3) letters d and e of the Law No. 16 of the year 2004 on the District Attorney?s Office of the Republic of Indonesia, which includes the scope of duty, authority, and functions of the District Attorney?s Office in law intelligence specializing in Investigation, Security, and Support to prevent criminal acts; in order to do those, further, the DA (District Attorney) has formed a team, namely Tim Pakem, which supervises any beliefs in society and has significant roles in evaluating whether a belief or a religion followed by someone is considered misleading/deviating or not. It is discovered that there have been some problems faced by Tim Pakem; for example, it does not have a method to evaluate a belief or a religion teaching. It does not have SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) which may become guidance to act, and its personnel are not yet professional, so the supervision movement is not fast enough to deal with any deviating belief. Meanwhile, the function of the Law No. 1/PNPS/1965 on the Misuse and/or the Disgrace of a Religion in overcoming the problems of the disgrace of a religion is still needed as the control of public order to have harmony among religious followers. The Law No. 1/PNPS/1965 was a President Decree issued in 1965, and then in 1969 it was enacted to become a law with the Law No. 5 of the year 1969. As referred to in the General Explanation of the Law No. 1/PNPS/1965 in points 3 and 4, one of the purposes to issue that law is to ensure that the harmony among religious followers can be enjoyed by all the people in Indonesia, and to protect that harmony from a disgrace or an insult. In other words, this law is issued in order to maintain the harmony among religious followers, either the harmony in the same religion followers or the harmony among different religion followers."

"Diskriminasi dapat diartikan sebagai setiap perlakuan yang berbeda yang dilakukan terhadap satu pihak tertentu. Dalam dunia usaha, pelaku usaha melakukan praktek diskriminasi dapat disebabkan karena berbagai hal. Praktek diskriminasi sangat erat kaitannya dengan pemilikan market power dan kekuatan pasar yang signifikan di pasar bersangkutan, yang dimana dikhawatirkan akan timbul persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat. Dengan demikian berdasarkan rumusan Pasal 19 huruf d Undang – Undang No 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat dan Peratruan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha No 3 Tahun 2011, untuk mengindikasikan apakah suatu tindakan diskriminasi tersebut termasuk ke dalam bentuk pelanggaran praktek diskriminasi perlu dibuktikan terlebih dahulu adanya penguasan pasar bersangkut yang mengakibatkan praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat di dalam pasar bersangkut. Namun di dalam Putusan Komisi Persaingan Usaha Republik Indonesia No 07/KPPU-I/2020, Majelis Komisis menyatakan perjanjian antara PT Lion Mentari, PT Batik Air Indonesia, dan PT Lion Express terbukti melakukan pelanggaran praktek diskriminasi. Walaupun, bentuk penguasan pasar bersangkut yang mengakibatkan praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat di dalam pasar bersangkut, tidak dapat dibuktikan. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah sikap pendekatan Majelis Komisi telah sesuai dengan Hukum Persaingan Usaha dalam mempertimbangkan pembuktian dampak pada kasus nomor 07/KPPU-I/2020 dan untuk mengetahui serta memahami secara jelas apakah tindakan yang dilakukan para pihak dapat dikategorikan sebagai prakrek diskriminasi, walaupu tidak terciptanya penguasaan pasar yang berdampak pada persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh ialah, dalam melakukan pembuktian perkata tersebut Majelis Komisi tidak sesuai dengan apa yang di atur di dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha di Indonesia karena tidak dapat membahas secara komprehensif adanya hubungan dan / atau sebab - akibatnya dampak negatifnya dugaan Pasal 19 huruf (d) Undang – Undang No 5 Tahun 1999, yang mana seharunya tindakan yang dilakukan para pihak tidak dapat diindikasikan kedalam bentuk pelanggaran praktek diskriminasi, tetapi tindakan tersebut tercakup kedalam tindakan diskriminasi.

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Discrimination means every privilege which confers towards other parties. In the business sector, entrepreneurs are conducting discriminatory practices for so many reasons. Discriminatory practices are closely related to the obvious market power control on the relevant market, which causes unfair business competition. Thus, based on the formulation of Article 19 letter d Law of Republic Indonesia No. 5 of 1999 concerning The Ban on Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition and Regulation of Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition No. 3 of 2011, whether an act of discrimination, including discrimination in the form of practice violations. Controlling of the relevant market which results in monopolistic practices and unfair business competition must be evidenced first. Still, KPPU‟s verdict No. 07/KPPU-I/2020 the commission council stated that the agreement between PT Lion Mentari, PT Batik Air Indonesia, and PT Lion Express proved to unquestionably do the discriminatory practices, although the controlling of relevant markets results in monopolistic practices and unfair business competition could not be shown. Hereby juridical-normative method, this research aims to know about whether the commission board‟s expression has been corresponding towards Law of Business Competition in proving the impact regarding to verdict No. 07/KPPU-I/2020 and to genuinely comprehend whether acts of the parties could be considered as discriminatory practices, if the relevant market control had not formed and caused the monopolistic practices and unfair business competition. The research outcomes are, commission council did not comply with Law of Business Competition in Indonesia in doing the investigation to prove the impact of controlling of relevant markets which are formulated in Article 19 letter d Law of Republic Indonesia No. 5 of 1999 concerning The Ban on Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition and regarding to that analysis, acts of the parties should not be indicated and categorized as violation of discriminatory practices. However, the act is dubbed as a discrimination."

""As religious polarisation in society deepens, political actors and policy-makers have begun to struggle with questions on the role of the dominant religion and how religion influences constitutional commitments and development. By focusing on Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri Lanka, Constitutions, Religion and Politics in Asia demonstrates how constitution-making and the operation of constitutional arrangements involving religion cannot be separated from the broader political dynamics of society. Although constitutions establish legal and political structures of government institutions and provide tools for rights protection, they do not operate in a vacuum divorced from the games of power and the political realities surrounding them. Here, Shah sets out how constitutions operate and evolve and demonstrates how constitutional provisions can produce unintended consequences over time. A vital new source of scholarship for students and scholars of law and religion and comparative constitutional law, and those interested in issues of constitutionalism and legal and political history in Asia"--"