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"This book considers the multi-parametric Nonlinear Programming (mp-NLP) approaches to explicit approximate NMPC of constrained nonlinear systems, developed by the authors, as well as their applications to various NMPC problem formulations and several case studies. The following types of nonlinear systems are considered, resulting in different NMPC problem formulations;Ø Nonlinear systems described by first-principles models and nonlinear systems described by black-box models;- Nonlinear systems with continuous control inputs and nonlinear systems with quantized control inputs;- Nonlinear systems without uncertainty and nonlinear systems with uncertainties (polyhedral description of uncertainty and stochastic description of uncertainty);- Nonlinear systems, consisting of interconnected nonlinear sub-systems.The proposed mp-NLP approaches are illustrated with applications to several case studies, which are taken from diverse areas such as automotive mechatronics, compressor control, combustion plant control, reactor control, pH maintaining system control, cart and spring system control, and diving computers. "

"Pengendalian level fluida di dalam tabung dan pengendalian aliran fluida antar beberapa tabung merupakan permasalahan dasar dalam industri proses. Masukan aliran fluida ke dalam tabung dan antar tabung haruslah dijaga pada kondisi tertentu sehingga keluaran sistem bisa sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Berbagai macam pengendali dirancang untuk mengendalikan level fluida ini dengan baik, sehingga error yang dihasilkan pun semakin bisa diminimalisir. Pengendali PID dan MPC merupakan contoh pengendali yang bisa digunakan dalam mengontrol level fluida tersebut.Di dalam seminar tesis ini akan dirancang pengendali PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) dan Model Predictive Control (MPC) untuk mengendalikan level fluida di dua tangki terhubung. Sebelum pengendali PID dan MPC ini dirancang, model non-linier terlebih dahulu dibentuk bedasarkan sistem dua masukan aliran fluida dan dua keluaran sistem berupa ketinggian level fluida pada kedua tabung. Model non-linier sistem multivariabel (Two Input Two Output - TITO) ini kemudian dilinierisasi pada titik kerja yang dipilih untuk memperoleh nilai ruang keadaan A, B, C dan D yang kemudian digunakan untuk membentuk fungsi alih sistem. Selain proses linierisasi, identifikasi dengan metode Kuadrat Terkecil juga dilakukan untuk menghasilkan model linier sistem yang baru sebagai pendekatan dalam mengontrol model non-linier sistem dengan MPC.Dalam sistem multivariabel coupled-tanks ini masih terdapat interaksi yang kuat antar variabel masukan-keluaran, sehingga fungsi alih dekopler pun dirancang untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan efek kopling antar variabel masukan-keluaran ini. Pengendali PID dan MPC yang dirancang akan digunakan dalam simulasi untuk mengendalikan model linier/fungsi alih (dengan dekopler) dan model non-linier sistem.Hasil simulasi pengendali PID dan MPC untuk model linier menunjukkan respon sistem yang baik, dimana waktu settling-nya cenderung relatif kecil. Juga hasil simulasi pengendali PID dan MPC untuk model non-linier, meskipun menunjukkan respon sistem yang cenderung lambat, masih bisa dikatan relatif baik. Setelah membandingkan hasil simulasi sistem dengan pengendali PID dan MPC yang dirancang, maka MPC merupakan pengendali yang lebih baik digunakan untuk mengendalikan sistem multivariabel coupled-tanks ini.

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The control of liquid level in tanks and flow between tanks is a basic problem in the process industries. The amount of liquid flowed into tanks and the flow of liquid between tanks has to be maintained at certain conditions in order to meet the desired performances. Many controllers have been designed to control the liquid level in tanks with the intention of reducing errors during and or after control process. PID controller and MPC are two of many controllers that could be designed to control the liquid level in tanks.

In this Master's thesis, PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller and Model Predictive Control (MPC) are designed to control the liquid levels in two coupled tanks. Before designing PID controller and MPC, the complete nonlinear dynamic model of the plant needed to be introduced for a case involving two input flows of liquid and two output variables, which are the level of the liquid in two tanks.

This multivariable (Two Input Two Output - TITO) nonlinear model would be then linearised based on selected operating point in order to obtain the value of state-space variables A, B, C and D. These values are converted to transfer function form. Besides that, system identification with Least Square method is also used to yield a new state-space model as an approach model to control the nonlinear model with MPC. Due to the high interactions between input-output variables, decoupler needed to be designed with the aim of reducing or eradicate these between input-output variables coupling effects. Afterwards, the designed PID controller and MPC will be used in simulation in controlling the linear model/transfer function (with decoupler) and the nonlinear model of the coupled-tanks multivariable system.

The result of simulation using PID controller and MPC in controlling the linear model of the system shows good performance in terms of rise time and settling time. In Addition, the result of simulation using nonlinear model, despite the slow system's response, shows satisfactory performance in terms of steady-state behavior, in which the output signals eventually meets the desired reference signals. After comparing the results of system simulation both with PID Controller and MPC, the writer may then infers that MPC is the better one to control this coupled-tanks multivariable system."

"Pengendali prediktif menggunakan prediksi dari keluaran sistem yang akan dikendalikan. Nilai prediksi ini didapat dari pemodelan sistem, dimana penggunaan model sistem pada proses perancangan, menjadi ciri khas dari pengendali prediktif. Pengendali prediktif atau dalam banyak literatur sering disebut sebagai Model Predictive Control, merupakan metode pengendali yang dapat memperhitungkan batasan-batasan (costraints) yang ada dalam sistem. Sehingga kehadiran constraints pada sistem dapat diperhitungkan dengan menggunakan algoritma MPC.Dalam skripsi ini algoritma MPC diterapkan pada sistem dua tangki dengan satu masukan dan satu keluaran. Masukan sistem berupa tegangan pompa sedangkan keluarannya berupa tinggi fluida pada tangki. Batasan amplitudo sinyal kendali diterapkan pada perancangan ini untuk melihat kinerja MPC dalam menangani constraints. Solusi Quadratic Programming yang digunakan untuk menangani kasus MPC dengan constraints pada skripsi ini adalah metode Active Set. Dalam metode Active Set, nilai sinyal kendali diambil supaya ada bagian dari pertidaksamaan constraints menjadi persamaan. Kemudian dengan menggunakan kondisi Karush-Kuhn-Tucker solusi yang berupa nilai optimal dari perubahan sinyal kendali akan didapat.Hasil simulasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan, keluaran selalu dapat mengikuti trayektori acuan dan sinyal kendali yang didapat juga baik. Hasil simulasi juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor bobot pada sinyal kendali R, dan panjangnya Prediction Horizon P, sangat mempengaruhi unjuk kerja dari algoritma MPC. Perbandingan juga dilakukan antara alogritma MPC constraints dengan algoritma pengendali Formula Ackermann, dimana MPC constraints menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik."

"Recent developments in model-predictive control promise remarkable opportunities for designing multi-input, multi-output control systems and improving the control of single-input, single-output systems. This volume provides a definitive survey of the latest model-predictive control methods available to engineers and scientists today.The initial set of chapters present various methods for managing uncertainty in systems, including stochastic model-predictive control. With the advent of affordable and fast computation, control engineers now need to think about using “computationally intensive controls,” so the second part of this book addresses the solution of optimization problems in “real” time for model-predictive control. The theory and applications of control theory often influence each other, so the last section of Handbook of Model Predictive Control rounds out the book with representative applications to automobiles, healthcare, robotics, and finance.The chapters in this volume will be useful to working engineers, scientists, and mathematicians, as well as students and faculty interested in the progression of control theory. Future developments in MPC will no doubt build from concepts demonstrated in this book and anyone with an interest in MPC will find fruitful information and suggestions for additional reading."

"In electric power systems that consist of some generators, electric power stability in supplies sidebecomes the most important problems, which must be paid attention. In the interconnection system, ifthere are some troubles in transmission, generator or load will cause another generators feel theexistence of instability condition. For instability condition which not too serious, system can overcomethe fault and will not influence stability of system as a whole. However, for in big scale of fault andhappened in a long duration can be ejected system becoming unstable and will result hampered ofelectrics energy supply to the load For the worst condition could be blackout condition.This article studies about improvement of the stability of the system by using excitation current andthe prime mover of generators, which is coordinated fuzzy logic control in synchronize generator. Byusing annexation from three methods above, the condition of stability of the power system can attain thestability. The transient stability needed control in order that system with good stability can return tonormal condition. Faulted electric power system often caused by failure in controlling the transientstability. It is because in transient stability forms critical condition for electrical power system. By controlling the level of excitation current and mechanical energy from the prime mover ofgenerators which controlled by fuzzy logic when the fault is happened will make acceleration areabecome decreasing and deceleration area become increasing with the result that system can be stablequickly. It visible that from result of simulation obtained if using generator oscillation of fuzzy logiccontrol, transient period becoming shorter and amplitude of oscillation wave is smaller compare by usingwithout fuzzy logic. Likewise, this method is able loo to overcome transient condition at starting period ofa generator."

"Model Predictive Control is an important technique used in the process control industries. It has developed considerably in the last few years, because it is the most general way of posing the process control problem in the time domain. The Model Predictive Control formulation integrates optimal control, stochastic control, control of processes with dead time, multivariable control and future references. The finite control horizon makes it possible to handle constraints and non linear processes in general which are frequently found in industry. Focusing on implementation issues for Model Predictive Controllers in industry, it fills the gap between the empirical way practitioners use control algorithms and the sometimes abstractly formulated techniques developed by researchers. The text is firmly based on material from lectures given to senior undergraduate and graduate students and articles written by the authors"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah sistem control dari sebuah robot inverted pendulum menggunakan Model Predictive Control. Dalam penelitian akan digunakan sensor sudut dan posisi sebagai data masukkan untuk komputasi nilai keluaran yang optimal yang perlu diberikan kepada servo dan motor. Komputasi akan dilakukan di komputer yang dihubungkan dengan robot menggunakan protokol komunikasi UART. Program pada komputer juga akan menampilkan kondisi robot. Model Dinamika yang digunakan akan disimulasikan terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan. Robot dapat mengirimkan data dari sensor dan menjalankan keluaran optimal yang sudah dikomputasi.

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This research is aimed to design a control system from inverted pendulum robot using Model Predictive Control. This research will be using angular and position sensor as input for computing the optimal output for the motor and servo. The computation will be done by a computer that is connected with the robot using UART Communication Protocol. The program that is runned by the computer will also display the robot condition. Dynamics model that will be used will be simulated first before real application. The inverted pendulum robot is able to send data from sensor to the computer and run the optimal output that has been computed."

"Turbo expander TE dan Model Predictive Control MPC diusulkan untuk digunakan pada unit depropanizer untuk meningkatkan recovery propana dan memperbaiki kinerja pengendalian di unit tersebut. Model yang digunakan dalam MPC adalah model first-order plus dead time FOPDT, yang diuji kinerja pengendaliannya menggunakan pengujian perubahan set point SP dan gangguan, dengan ukuran kinerjanya menggunakan integral of absolute error IAE. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan TE pada depropanizer mampu meningkatkan recovery propana sebesar 8,44 dari 82,11 menjadi 90,55. Sedangkan untuk struktur pengendalian, digunakan pengendalian tekanan pada TE menggunakan pengendali proportional-integral, PI, pengendalian komposisi propana pada aliran distilat menggunakan MPC dan pengendalian tekanan kolom depropanizer menggunakan MPC. Setelah melakukan pengujian perubahan SP didapatkan bahwa kinerja pengendali MPC pada pengendali komposisi dan pengendali tekanan depropanizer dapat memperbaiki kinerja pengendali PI sebesar 1,62 dan 93,40. Sedangkan pada pengujian terjadinya gangguan didapatkan bahwa kinerja pengenali MPC pada pengendali komposisi dan pengendali tekanan depropanizer dapat memperbaiki kinerja pengendali PI sebesar 60,54 dan 6-,21 sehingga pengendali MPC lebih baik dibandingkan pengendali PI untuk digunakan pada pengendali komposisi dan pengendali tekanan pada depropanizer yang menggunakan Turbo Expander.

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Turbo expander TE and Model Predictive Control MPC is suggested for depropanizer unit to increase propane recovery and improve control performance of the unit. The model used in the MPC is first order plus dead time FOPDT, which tested the performance of the control using set point and disturbance change test with measurement of the performance using integral of absolute error IAE. As a result, use of TE in the depropanizer able to increase recovery of propane of 8,44 from 82.11 to 90.55. As for the control structure, pressure control is use on the TE using proportional integral control, composition control in the distillate flow using MPC, and pressure control in depropanizer column using MPC.

After doing SP changed test, the result showed performance of MPC controller at composition control and pressure control in depropanizer can improve performance compared by PI controller of 1.62 and 93.40. and then for disturbance rejection test, the result showed the MPC controller perfromance can improve PI controller performance at composition control and pressure control in depropanizer is able to improve PI controller performance by 60.54 and 60.21. So that, MPC controller is better than PI controller if it use at composition controller and pressure controller in depropanizer unit with Turbo Expander."