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"Climate change poses major socio-economic, technical and environmental challenges which will have serious impacts on countries' pathways towards sustainable development. As a result, climate change and sustainable development have increasingly become interlinked. A changing climate makes achieving Millennium Development Goals more difficult and expensive, so there is every reason to achieve development goals with low greenhouse gas emissions. This leads to the following five challenges discussed by Challenges and solutions for climate change : to place climate negotiations in the wider context of sustainability, equity and social change so that development benefits can be maximised at the same time as decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. To select technologies or measures for climate change mitigation andadaptation based on countries' sustainabledevelopment and climate goals. To create low greenhouse gas emission and climate resilient strategies and action plans in order to accelerate innovation for sustainable development and climate goals on the scale and timescale required within countries. To rationalize the current directions in international climate policy making in order to provide coherent and efficient support to developing countries in devising and implementing strategies and action plans for low emission technology transfers to deliver climate and sustainable development goals. To facilitate development of an international framework for financial resources in order to support technology development and transfer, improve enabling environments for innovation, address equity issues such as poor people's energy access, and make implementation of activities possible at the desired scale within the country. The solutions presented in Challenges and Solutions for Climate Change show how ambitious measures can be undertaken which are fully in line with domestic interests, both in developing and in developed countries, and how these measures can be supported through the international mechanisms. "

"In this excellent book, Dr Yamaguchi has assembled experts to guide the redesign of global policy. The authors underscore how global warming efforts must resonate with other policy goals. ?Climate change mitigation clarifies that climate change cannot be controlled by sacrificing economic growth or other global problems, however, action to control climate change cannot be delayed. Climate policy is pervasive and affects all dimensions of international policy;but it cannot be too ambitious : a balanced approach between mitigation and adaptation, economic growth and resource management, and short term development and long term investments, should be adopted. "

"The agile city shows that change undertaken at the building and community level can reach carbon-reduction goals rapidly. Russell highlights tactics that create multiplier effects, which means that ecologically driven change can shore-up economic opportunity, can make more productive workplaces, and can help revive neglected communities."

"Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil minyak nabati terbesar di dunia, lewat produksi minyak kelapa sawit. Meskipun sudah berkontribusi secara positif dalam menghasilkan devisa bagi Indonesia, komoditas kelapa sawit kerap kali terindikasi menerima diskriminasi dari negara konsumen yakni Uni Eropa, Inggris dan Swiss, yang menetapkam peraturan untuk memenuhi komitmen perubahan iklim di bawah peraturan UNFCCC. Di sisi lain, kegiatan produksi minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia, walau sudah diatur dalam rangkaian peraturan dan kebijakan, masih memerlukan perbaikan terutama dalam penegakkan hukum dan tata kelola hutan dan lahan. Perjanjian WTO sebagai peraturan internasional memperbolehkan adanya proteksi lingkungan yang tidak boleh dilakukan secara sewenang-wenang dan diskriminatif atau melalui pembatasan yang terselubung. Untuk itu, perlu dibuat sebuah kesepakatan yang dapat menyeimbangkan komitmen perubahan iklim dan perdagangan internasional untuk kelapa sawit berkelanjutan melalui beberapa forum baik bilateral maupun regional.

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Indonesia is the largest vegetable oil producer in the world, through the production of palm oil. Although it has contributed positively in generating foreign exchange for Indonesia, palm oil is often indicated to be discriminated against from consumer countries, namely the European Union, the United Kingdom and Switzerland, which set regulations to fulfill climate change commitments under the UNFCCC law. On the other hand, Indonesia's palm oil production activities, although already regulated in a series of regulations and policies, still need improvement, especially in law enforcement and forest and land governance. The WTO agreement as an international regulation allows for environmental protection that should not be carried out arbitrarily, discriminatory or through a disguise restriction. For this reason, it is necessary to make an agreement that can balance climate change commitments and international trade for sustainable palm oil through several bilateral and regional forums."

"Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh variabel iklim terhadap hasil dan risiko produksi padi di delapan sentra produksi padi Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 30 tahun (1982-2011). Fungsi produksi stokastik model Just-Pope dengan analisis data panel digunakan untuk mengukur pengaruh variabel iklim terhadap hasil dan risiko produksi padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan curah hujan mempengaruhi hasil padi di daerah sentra. Curah hujan termasuk faktor yang meningkatkan risiko, sedangkan suhu tidak berpengaruh terhadap risiko. Pengaruh perubahan iklim terhadap hasil dan risiko produksi padi di daerah Jawa relatif lebih rendah dibanding luar Jawa.

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This study examines the impacts of climate variables on rice yield and production risk from eight main provinces of rice producers in Indonesia, over a period of 30 years (1982-2011). Stochastic production function Just-Pope model with panel data analysis is used to estimate the effect of climate variables on rice yield and production risk. Data analysis shows that temperature and precipitation affect the mean crop yield. Precipitation is risk increasing factor, while temperature is not significant. Effect of climate change on rice yield and production risk is relatively low in Java region than other regions."

"There is a mounting consensus that human behavior is changing the global climate and its consequence could be catastrophic. Reducing the 24 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions from stationary and mobile sources is a gigantic task involving both technological challenges and monumental financial and societal costs. The pursuit of sustainable energy resources, environment, and economy has become a complex issue of global scale that affects the daily life of every citizen of the world. The present mitigation activities range from energy conservation, carbon-neutral energy conversions, carbon advanced combustion process that produce no greenhouse gases and that enable carbon capture and sequestion, to other advanced technologies. From its causes and impacts to its solutions, the issues surrounding climate change involve multidisciplinary science and technology. This handbook will provide a single source of this information. The book will be divided into the following sections: Scientific Evidence of Climate Change and Societal Issues, Impacts of Climate Change, Energy Conservation, Alternative En"

"Severe droughts, damaging floods and mass migration, climate change is becoming a focal point for security and conflict research and a challenge for the world’s governance structures. But how severe are the security risks and conflict potentials of climate change? Could global warming trigger a sequence of events leading to economic decline, social unrest and political instability? What are the causal relationships between resource scarcity and violent conflict? This book brings together international experts to explore these questions using in-depth case studies from around the world. Furthermore, the authors discuss strategies, institutions and cooperative approaches to stabilize the climate-society interaction."

"Adaptasi perubahan iklim tidak akan memperoleh hasil yang efektif jika tidak diperhitungan mengenai seberapa besar perkiraan dampak yang ditimbul kan, dan tidak tahu perbedaan tingkat kerentanan dampak di masing-masing wilayah. Untuk itu, diperlukan suatu penilaian yang memberikan informasi kerentanan wilayah terhadap dampak perubahan iklim yang akan terjadi di masa mendatang. Penilaian kerentanan perubahan iklim adalah pengukuran yang perlu dilakukan disetiap daerah. Setiap daerah memiliki karekteristik fisik dan lingkungan yang berbeda, kondisi topografi, hidrologi, geologi dan klimatologi yang berbeda membuat setiap daerah terpapar dampak perubahan iklim yang berbeda pula. Kota Bekasi yag terletak bersebelahan dengan ibukota negara ini tentunya diharapkan sebagai pendukung dan penyeimbang ibukota. Dengan berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi wilayah perkotaan pada umumnya di negara berkembang ditambah tekanan ancaman perubahan iklim Kota Bekasi diperlukan pernilaian kerentanan, satu tahapan utama proses pengarusutamaan kebijakan strategi adaptasi kedalam perencanaan pembangunan adalah penilaian kerentanan atau vulnerability assessment (VA) yang merupakan masukan utama untuk menjadi panduan bagi para pengambil keputusan agar tidak terjadi proses mal adaptation. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Kualitatif menggunaka data yang ada kemudian dilakukan analisis kerentanan merupakan fungsi dari tingkat keterpaparan (E), sensitivitas (S), dan kemampuan adaptasi (AC) dari suatu sistem, yang berarti tingkat kerentanan sangat dipengaruhi besarnya oleh komponen E, S, dan AC dari suatu sistem. Semakin tinggi tingkat keterpaparan atau tingkat sensitivitas maka akan semakin besar kerentanan, sedangkan; semakin tinggi kemampuan adaptasi maka akan semakin kecil kerentanan. Dari hasil penelitian yang disajikan dalam bentuk peta dengan analisa yang dilakukan per kelurahan ancaman bencana iklim di Kota Bekasi adalah Banjir, Kekeringan, Longsor dan Angin Putting Beliung, sedangkan ancaman bencana tak langsung adalah Diare, ISPA dan DBD berdasarakan data kejadian penyakit tersebut muncul karena kejadian bencana. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di tingkat kelurahan, beberapa tindakan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat ketika terjadi bencana antara lain mengambil inisiatif penanggulangan secara swadaya. Hal ini dikarenakan bencana yang terjadi di Kota Bekasi masih tergolong rendah dan sedang, sehingga masyarakat korban masih mampu mengatasinya. Kondisi ini dapat menunjukkan tingkat kapasitas masyarakat dalam upaya adaptasi terhadap bencana dan dampak perubahan iklim. Meningkatkan dan penguatan kapasitas masyarakat di Kota Bekasi agar perduli dan tanggap terhadap ancaman bahaya yang ada di sekitar lingkungannya

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Adaptation to climate change will not obtain effective results if not taken as to how big the estimated impact, and do not know the difference in the level of the impact of the vulnerability in each regions. Therefore, required an assessment that provides vulnerability regions to the impact of climate change will be happen in the future. The value of vulnerability climate change is the measurements need to be done in each area. In every area having the different of environment and physical characteristics, the different condition such as topography, hydrology, geology and climatology makes every area exposed to the impact of climate change differently. City of Bekasi in located near to the capital of this county would be expected to support and balance with the capital city. Vulnerability assessment needed by developing countries in urban areas to faces the threat of climate change, Vulnerabilty assessment is one of the main stages in the policy of adaptation strategies into development planning and also serve as a guide for decision makers in order to avoid mal adaption. This research is using qualitative method, then the data do analysis assessement as function of the level of exposure (E), sensitivity (S), and the adaptive capacity (AC) of a system, which means that the vulnerabilty is highly influenced by the compoments E, E and AC from a system. Therefore, the higher the level of exposure will be the greater vulnerability, while the higher capabilty adaptation will be smaller vulnerability. The result of the research from the maps with analysis which do each village the threat of disaster will be happen in Bekasi City is Flood, Dought, Avalance and Tornado, while indirect the treat of disaster is Diare, ISPA and DBD based on the data this disease always happen because the disaster. The result of the research conducted village level, some of the actions taken by the community in times of disaster prevention, like take the initiative independently. This is due to the disaster in the city of Bekasi is still relatively low and moderate, so that affected people could still handle. This condition can indicate the level capacity of communities in an effort to disasters and climate change. Improving and strengthening the capacity of communities in the city of Bekasi to care and response to hazards that exist around the environment."