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"Handbook of Extemporaneous Preparation is a comprehensive and easy-to-follow guide to good practice in extemporaneous compunding. It incorporates the key findings and outputs from the UK National Advisory Board study, including advice on purchasing unlicensed medicines. It will be adopted as the standard for extemporaneous dispensing for NHS patients. Although the standards set out in this book are primarily written for implementation in NHS hospitals, the priciples should be equally applied across the profession internationally. --Compounding of pharmaceutical formulations remains a core skill of pharmacists and is taught at undergraduate level. Written by experts in the field with input from the UK NHS Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Committee, this book will be an invaluable reference for any clinical or procurement pharmacist, pharmacy technician or student involved with extemporaneous preparation"

"Handbook of Extemporaneous Preparation is a comprehensive and easy-to-follow guide to good practice in extemporaneous compunding. It incorporates the key findings and outputs from the UK National Advisory Board study, including advice on purchasing unlicensed medicines. It will be adopted as the standard for extemporaneous dispensing for NHS patients. Although the standards set out in this book are primarily written for implementation in NHS hospitals, the priciples should be equally applied across the profession internationally"

"Compunding has always been part of pharmacy practice. Today, the need for compounding is growing, with the prevalence of drug shortages, outsourcing of compounding services by hospitals, and patients' needs for individualized preparations. Compounding pharmacies now have the opportunity to obtain accreditation. The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding presents all the information a student needs to understand the purpose and processes of compounding. It includes the essential information on establishing, equipping and operating a compounding pharmacy. It discusses all aspects of good manufacturing practices for compounded medications and it features quality control measures for all aspects of compounding. For practitioners who already compound prescription medications, the book is a ready reference featuring more than 200 sample formulations, including bases, vehicles and ingredient-specific preparations. Each formulation lists the necessary ingredients and gives step-by-step instructions for preparing the product. A new chapter emphasizes the importance of knowing the purity and form of all ingredients to ensure that the proper dose of a compounded product is delivered"

"Omeprazol merupakan obat golongan PPI untuk penyakit refluks gastroesofageal yang diresepkan untuk segala jenis pasien, khususnya anak-anak dan pasien yang dipasang NGT. Omeprazol hanya tersedia dalam bentuk kapsul dan serbuk injeksi steril. Saat ini pembuatan obat racikan omeprazol disuspensikan dalam larutan natrium bikarbonat 8,4% yang rasanya pahit. Oleh karena itu, perlu dibuat formula pembawa suspensi untuk pembuatan omeprazol racikan. Uji stabilitas dilakukan terhadap empat formula pada suhu kamar 28C selama 14 hari dan pada suhu rendah 4C selama 30 hari.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suspensi omeprazol racikan mengalami perubahan warna menjadi putih kekuningan dan nilai pH yang dihasilkan relatif stabil selama masa penyimpanan pada suhu rendah. Pada kondisi penyimpanan suhu kamar, suspensi omeprazol racikan mengalami perubahan warna menjadi kuning kecokelatan. Uji stabilitas kimia dilakukan dengan menetapkan kadar omeprazol dalam suspensi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Kadar suspensi omeprazol racikan mengalami penurunan selama masa penyimpanan, baik pada suhu kamar maupun suhu rendah. Hasil penetapan kadarnya menunjukkan bahwa omeprazol dalam pembawa suspensi formula A memiliki stabilitas kadar yang relatif sama dengan omeprazol dalam larutan natrium bikarbonat, yaitu >90% selama 7 hari pada penyimpanan pada suhu kamar 28C dan selama 14 hari pada penyimpanan suhu rendah 4C.

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Omeprazole is a PPI and used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease commonly prescribed in all patients, especially pediatric and patient with NGT. Omeprazole is only available in capsule form and sterile powder for injection. This has been accomplished by using 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution as the vehicle which is bitter. For that reason, a suspending vehicle containing sweetening agent for omeprazole should be formulated. Stability test of four extemporaneous suspending formulation was carried out at room temperature (28C) for 14 days and at cold temperature (4C) for 30 days.The results showed that the extemporaneous suspension of omeprazole is changed to yellowish-white color and the resulting pH is relative stable during storage at cold temperature. At room temperature, the color is changed to brownish-yellow color. Chemical stability test was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Concentration of omeprazole in the extemporaneous suspension decreased during storage. Based on stability data, it can be showed that omeprazole in the suspending vehicle of formula A has the same stability level with omeprazole in the sodium bicarbonate solution. The extemporaneous omeprazole suspension remained >90% during 7 days at room temperature and during 14 days at cold temperature."

"Di Australia, Eropa dan Amerika Serikat, pembawa suspensi untuk pembuatan obat racikan yang diberikan secara oral telah beredar di pasaran dan dikenal dengan nama dagang Ora-Plus. Namun, sediaan Ora-Plus ini belum beredar di Indonesia sehingga perlu dibuat formulasi pembawa sediaan suspensi untuk pembuatan obat racikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula pembawa sediaan suspensi yang stabil secara fisik dan kimia setelah penambahan zat aktif berupa tablet diltiazem hidroklorida sebagai model obat. Uji stabilitas dilakukan selama 30 hari pada formula pembawa suspensi terpilih, yaitu formula A dan E. Uji stabilitas fisik dilakukan pada suhu kamar dengan pengujian terhadap bau, warna serta pH sediaan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suspensi oral diltiazem hidroklorida berwarna putih dan memiliki bau seperti obat, serta pH yang dihasilkan mengalami penurunan yang tidak terlalu jauh selama masa penyimpanan. Uji stabilitas kimia dilakukan pada dua kondisi yang berbeda, yaitu suhu kamar dan suhu 4±2ºC untuk selanjutnya dilakukan penetapan kadar menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Kadar suspensi oral diltiazem hidroklorida mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan selama masa penyimpanan sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa suspensi oral diltiazem hidroklorida stabil secara fisik namun tidak stabil secara kimia.

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In Australia, Europe and the United States, suspending vehicle which is made by the manufactures for extemporaneous compounding in oral medications are known under the Ora-Plus trade name. However, Ora-Plus has not distributed in Indonesia, therefore a suspending vehicle formulation for extemporaneous oral liquid compounding should be formulated. The objective of this research was to obtain the optimum concentration of suspending vehicle and to obtain a physically and chemically stable formulation of diltiazem hydrochloride suspension. Stability test of suspension had been carried out for 30 days in the selected suspending vehicle formulas (Formula A and E). Physical stability test was performed at room temperature and physical properties (odor and color) and pH of suspension was evaluated. The results showed that the oral suspension of diltiazem hydrochloride possessed white and drug-like odor, and the resulting pH decreased less significantly during storage. Chemical stability test was carried out in two different conditions, at room temperature and at 4±2ºC for chemical stability test in suspension using spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Concentration of diltiazem hydrochloride in the oral suspension showed fluctuation during storage period. Based on those results, it can be concluded that the oral suspension of diltiazem hydrochloride was physically stable but not chemically stable during the storage period."

"Buku yang berjudul "Handbook of pharmaceutical analysis" ini merupakan sebuah buku panduan mengenai analisis farmasi."