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"In this essay we present three case studies of Peru, Jamaica and Indonesia to illustrate the use of the concept of race in daily life in relation to labour, popular culture and beauty respectively. These cases demonstrate how the use of the concept of race changes in the transition from a colonial into a postcolonial setting, depending on the role of the state and nation building. In Peru, we see a clear continuation of racialized thinking; thinking and speaking in terms of ?race? is still the norm. In Jamaica we find a process of inversion: the concept of race is maintained as a frame of societal analysis, but blackness is revalidated and has become a prerequisite for national and cultural belonging. In Indonesia racialized categorizations have disappeared almost completely as "race" has become subjected to the development rhetoric, which just allows limited space for ethnic manifestations. However, discrimination on other rhetorical basis, such as non-citizenship, remains."

"The Postcolonial Unconscious is a major attempt to reconstruct the whole field of postcolonial studies. In this magisterial and, at times, polemical study, Neil Lazarus argues that the key critical concepts that form the very foundation of the field need to be re-assessed and questioned. Drawing on a vast range of literary sources, Lazarus investigates works and authors from Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa and the Arab world, South, Southeast and East Asia, to reconsider them from a postcolonial perspective. Alongside this, he offers bold new readings of some of the most influential figures in the field: Fredric Jameson, Edward Said and Frantz Fanon. A tour de force of postcolonial studies, this book will set the agenda for the future, probing how the field has come to develop in the directions it has and why and how it can grow further."

"The importance of Antonio Gramsci’s work for postcolonial studies can hardly be exaggerated, and in this volume, contributors situate Gramsci's work in the vast and complex oeuvre of postcolonial studies. Specifically, this book endeavors to reassess the impact on postcolonial studies of the central role assigned by Gramsci to culture and literature in the formation of a truly revolutionary idea of the national—a notion that has profoundly shaped the thinking of both Frantz Fanon and Edward Said. Gramsci, as Iain Chambers has argued, has been instrumental in helping scholars rethink their understanding of historical, political, and cultural struggle by substituting the relationship between tradition and modernity with that of subaltern versus hegemonic parts of the world. Combining theoretical reflections and re-interpretations of Gramsci, the scholars in this collection present comparative geo-cultural perspectives on the meaning of the subaltern, passive revolution, hegemony, and the concept of national-popular culture in order to chart out a political map of the postcolonial through the central focus on Gramsci."

"Skripsi ini membahas pola peran laki-laki dan perempuan yang direpresentasikan dalam dua iklan televisi Indonesia, Royco dan Wall's, dan dua iklan produk sejenis di televisi Belanda, Knorr dan Hertog Ijs. Pembahasan dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi. Analisis dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan semiotika terhadap unsur-unsur pembangun iklan selanjutnya dikaji pola peran yang dihadirkan dalam iklan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada keempat iklan terdapat representasi pola peran yang sama, meski terkadang ada upaya pembalikan dan pergeseran namun masih menunjukkan latar budaya masing-masing iklan. Stereotip-stereotip sosial yang sudah melekat di masyarakat luas ikut hadir dalam iklan. Dari representasi tersebut juga terlihat adanya upaya pengukuhan dan penggugatan beberapa wacana terkait pola peran antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam keluarga.

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The focus of this study is the role pattern of men and women in the family, which is represented in two television commercials in Indonesia and two advertisements with similar products on the Dutch television. By using semiotics approach, the elements of television commercials will be analyzed. This analysis has the aim to find out how the role represented in all four advertisements.

From the result, the role of men and women in the family was represented harmonically with each culture, however there are some efforts to reverse it. Social stereotypes and several related discourses that are embedded in the wider community were presented in the advertisements. The ideology in these representations: the role pattern of men and women in the family is not really firm and clear as used to be. That patterns are even too loose today as can be seen on four advertisements."

"Pasca Perang Dunia II, banyak negara yang sebelumnya mengalami penjajahan mendapatkan kemerdekaan. Tulisan ini mencoba melihat bagaimana kemudian proses yang terjadi pada negara-negara yang baru merdeka tersebut, yang kemudian dikenal dengan proses nation-formation. Berangkat dari kritik postmodern terhadap ilmu Hubungan Internasional terkait konsep nation state sebagai sesuatu yang given, tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan postcolonialism dalam melihat proses nation-formation di negara yang baru merdeka. Negara yang akan dibahas dalam tulisan ini adalah Indonesia dengan unit analisis Sukarno. Dalam analisis akan digunakan konsep postcolonial anxiety dari Sankaran Khrisna untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Sukarno dalam proses di atas.

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After the World War II, there are many countries that previously experienced colonialism that gained their independence. This writing attempts to see how the process occurred in those newly independent countries, that known as process of nation formation. Starts from postmodern criticsm to International Relations study especially the concept of nation-state, this writing uses postcolonialism approach in analyzing the nation-formation process. The country that will be analyzed in this writing is Indonesia, with Sukarno as the unit of analysis. Sankaran Khrisna?s postcolonial anxiety will be used to understand what factors that influenced Sukarno in the process explained earlier."