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"Introduction /​ Deborah Mayersen and Annie PohlmanPart 1. The Legacies of Atrocities in AsiaAn Ongoing Legacy of Atrocity : Torture and the Indonesian State /​ Annie PohlmanInternational Civil Society as Agent of Protection : Responses to the Famine in East Timor /​ Clinton FernandesMaximizing Transitional Justice Opportunities : The Case of East Timor's CAVR /​ Heather CastelTransitional Justice Time : Uncle San, Aunty Yan, and Outreach at the Khmer Rouge Tribunal /​ Alex HintonHumanitarian Intervention and the Legacies of Security Council (In) action : East Pakistan (1971) and East Timor (1976-1979) /​ Phil OrchardPart 2. Preventing Genocide and Mass Atrocities in Asia and GloballyPolitical Realism, Sovereignty and Intervention : Is Genocide Prevention Really Possible in a World of Sovereign States? /​ Paul BartropPolitical Instability and Genocide : Comparing Causes in Asia and the Pacific and Globally /​ Benjamin Goldsmith, Dimitri Semenovich and Arcot SowmyaDiscourses on Violence : Constraints and Challenges for Mediators in Asia /​ Dale Bagshaw and Damien Coghlan"Never Again" or Again and Again : The Genocide Convention, the Responsibility to Protect and Mass Atrocity Prevention /​ Deborah MayersenConclusion /​ Deborah Mayersen and Annie Pohlman."

"Sebagai sebuah fenomena, kekejaman massal merupakan suatu hal yang dapat dikatakan pernah terjadi hampir di seluruh wilayah di dunia. Sifatnya yang dapat dilakukan baik oleh aktor negara maupun non-negara menyebabkan terdapat perbedaan tipe dari kekejaman massal di sejumlah wilayah apabila dibandingkan dengan wilayah lain. Tulisan ini mengaplikasikan metode tinjauan literatur dengan klasifikasi taksonomi untuk menjelaskan perspektif-perspektif tersebut. Respon dari komunitas internasional terhadap hal tersebut sejak World Summit 2005 telah terintegrasi dalam sebuah doktrin yang disebut sebagai Responsibility to Protect R2P , yaitu doktrin bahwa negara memiliki tanggung jawab untuk melindungi warganya. Doktrin ini hingga sekarang menimbulkan kontroversi pro dan kontra dengan proporsi yang hampir setara. Tulisan ini menemukan empat variasi perspektif terhadap R2P: yaitu kelompok yang optimistis dengan aspek penuntutan seperti melalui ICC , kelompok yang merasa skeptis dengan penuntutan, kelompok yang menitikberatkan R2P pada aspek intervensi humaniter dan penggunaan kapasitas koersif, serta kelompok yang menempatkan fokus R2P dari sisi pencegahan.

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As a phenomenon, mass atrocity is something that can be said to have occurred almost anywhere in the world. The nature of mass atrocity, that it can be done both state and non-state actors makes for different types of mass atrocity that happens in some areas when compared to other regions. This paper applies literature review as a method to explain those perspectives and taxonomy in classifying those perspectives. International community rsquo;s response to that since World Summit 2005 can be understood to be integrated into a doctrine called Responsibility to Protect R2P , the doctrine that states have a responsibility to protect its citizens. This doctrine until now has caused pro and contra with almost equal proportions on either camp. This writing finds four variety of perspectives towards R2P: those who are optimistic about prosecution aspect e.g through ICC , those who are pessimistic about prosecution, those who emphasize on humanitarian intervention aspect and use of force, as well as those who put emphasize on prevention aspect."

"Theoretical foundations -- Cultural genocide and the American Indians -- Russia and the Jews in the nineteenth century -- Israel and Palestinian cultural genocide -- The Chinese assimilation of Tibet -- Conclusion."

"This book presents the history of the genocide and propaganda campaign and the process towards the International People’s Tribunal on 1965 crimes against humanity in Indonesia (IPT 1965), which was held in November 2015 in The Hague, The Netherlands. The authors, an Indonesian Human Rights lawyer and a Dutch academic examine this unique event, which for the first time brings these crimes before an international court, and its verdict. They single out the campaign of hate propaganda as it provided the incitement to kill so many Indonesians and why this propaganda campaign is effective to this day"

"Summary:Why is genocide the 'ultimate crime' and does this distinction make any difference in confronting evil?"

"Serangan terorisme di Indonesia berevolusi dari penggunaan bahan peledak konvensional seperti ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil) bergeser ke penggunaan bahan kimia, biologi, radioaktif dan nuklir (KBRN) yang dalam skala besar dapat diubah menjadi senjata pemusnah massal (weapon mass destruction). Data menunjukkan selama periode 2011-2019 tercatat 6 (enam) percobaan serangan teror menggunakan bahan KBRN yaitu arsenik dan racun ricin di Polsek Kemayoran (2011); Bom Nitroglyserin di Solo (2012); Bom Gas Chlorin di ITC Depok (2015); penggunaan Thorium Oksida di Bandung (2017); Bom Nitroglyserin, Bogor (2019) dan penemuan racun abrin di Cirebon (2019). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus penggunaan WMD dalam serangan terorisme di Indonesia periode 2011-2019. Konsep teori kontra terorisme, pencegahan kejahatan dan kebijakan publik digunakan untuk menjelaskan strategi pencegahan serangan teroris menggunakan WMD di Indonesia. Makalah ini mengkaji peran Kementerian/Lembaga seperti POLRI, BNPT, BAPETEN, BNPB, TNI, Kemenperin dalam memitigasi dan menanggulangi serangan terorisme yang menggunakan WMD. Dari hasil wawancara dan studi pustaka, diketahui hanya institusi POLRI, BNPT dan BAPETEN yang telah memiliki protokol penanganan serangan terorisme menggunakan WMD namun masih bersifat sektoral. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya pengintegrasian protokol penanganan serangan terorisme menggunakan WMD yang ada saat ini berdasarkan kewenangan BNPT untuk mengkoordinasikan pelaksanaan strategi penanggulangan terorisme serta dilegalkan dalam bentuk produk hukum berupa Keputusan atau Peraturan Kepala BNPT.

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Terrorist attacks in Indonesia have evolved from the use of conventional explosives such as ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil) to shift to the use of chemicals, biology, radioactivity and nuclear (KBRN) which on a large scale can be converted into weapons of mass destruction. Data shows that during the 2011-2019 period there were 6 (six) attempted terror attacks using KBRN material, namely arsenic and ricin poison in Kemayoran Sector Police (2011); Nitroglyserin Bombing in Solo (2012); Chlorin Gas Bomb at ITC Depok (2015); the use of Thorium Oxide in Bandung (2017); Nitroglyserin Bomb, Bogor (2019) and the discovery of abrin poison in Cirebon (2019). The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with a case study of the use of WMD in terrorism attacks in Indonesia in the period 2011-2019. The concept of counter terrorism theory, crime prevention and public policy is used to explain strategies to prevent terrorist attacks using WMD in Indonesia. This paper examines the role of Ministries/Institutions such as POLRI, BNPT, BAPETEN, BNPB, TNI, Ministry of Industry in mitigating and combating terrorism attacks using WMD. From the results of interviews and literature studies, it is known that only the POLRI, BNPT and BAPETEN institutions have protocols for handling terrorist attacks using WMD but are still sectoral in nature. The conclusion of this research is the necessity of integrating the handling protocol of terrorism attacks using WMD that exist today based on the authority of the BNPT to coordinate the implementation of the counterterrorism strategy and be legalized in the form of legal products namely Decree or Regulation of the Head of BNPT."