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"Asam dokosaheksanoat (DHA) merupakan asam lemak omega-3 esensial yang berperan penting terhadap kerja otak, jaringan saraf serta retina. Saat ini, mikroalga mendapat perhatian sebagai sumber alternatif yang potensial dalam menghasilkan asam lemak omega-3, yang biasanya didapatkan dari produk ikan. Sebagai sumber DHA konvensional, minyak ikan memiliki kandungan DHA yang rendah, yang dapat memicu penangkapan ikan berlebihan (over fishing) apabila dibutuhkan jumlah DHA yang banyak. Mikroalga Thraustocytrids ditengarai sebagai mikroalga yang sangat potensial dalam menghasilkan DHA.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat mikroalga Thraustocytrids yang mampu menghasilkan (DHA). Mikroalga Thraustochytrids diisolasi dari guguran daun mangrove yang terletak di Kawasan Mangrove Lampung dengan metode direct planting. Mikroalga yang tumbuh diamati morfologinya dengan mikroskop cahaya. Koloni Thraustochytrids yang tumbuh dipurifikasi hingga dihasilkan koloni tunggal yang selanjutnya diperbanyak dan dibuat biomassanya. Asam lemak diekstraksi dan dimetilasi dengan metode direct transesterification serta diidentifikasi kandungan DHAnya dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Gas- Spektrofotometri Massa.Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan terdapat DHA pada sampel minyak mikroalga Thraustochytrids. Keberadaan DHA dipastikan oleh kecocokan fragmentasi massa DHA sampel dan fragmentasi massa DHA pada database spektrum massa NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for the proper functioning of the brain, neural tissues and retina. In recent years, microalgae have gained attention as a potential alternative source of omega-3 fatty acid, which are commonly sourced from fish stocks. Fish stocks, as the conventional source of DHA have a very low concentration of DHA, which could bring overfishing issue as an impact of getting a high concentration of DHA. Thraustochytrids is known as a potential microalgae source of DHA.

The purpose of this study is to isolate a Thraustochytrids microalgae that can produce DHA. Thraustochytrids microalgae were isolated from fallen mangrove leaves at Lampung Mangrove Zone with direct planting technique. The morphology of growing microalgae was observed with light microscope. The growing Thraustochytrids colony was purified until a single colony was obtained. The selected colony was cultured and was dried to make its biomass. Fatty acid was extracted and methylated using direct transesterification method. The presence of DHA in microalgae isolate was identified with Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer.

The result of DHA identification proved that the isolate of Thraustochytrids microalgae was contained DHA. The presence of DHA in the microalgae oil sample was confirmed by the similarity of DHA mass fragmentation in the sample and DHA mass fragmentation in NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Library Database."

"Limbah minyak bumi dapat menghambat atau mengurangi transmisi cahaya matahari ke dalam laut. Hal tersebut dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikro alga yang memanfaatkan cahaya matahari untuk melakukan fotosintesis. Limbah tersebut dapat menghasilkan material toksik yang akan terakumulasi pada sedimen yang tercemar minyak bumi.Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan 6 perlakuandan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian adalah sedimen dengan penambahan minyak (A), sedimen yang tercemar minyak yang dibioremediasi dengan penambahan kultur tunggal bakteri (B), sedimen tercemar minyak yang dibioremediasi dengan penambahan konsorsium bakteri (C), sedimen yang tercemar minyak yang dibioremediasi dengan penambahan pupuk (D), sedimen yang tercemar minyak dengan penambahan kultur tunggal bakteri dan pupuk (E), dan sedimen tercemar minyak yang dibioremediasi dengan penambahan konsorsium bakteri dan pupuk (F).Kontrol yang digunakan adalah air laut yang sudah diautoklaf dan ditambahkan media WalnenonEDTA. Data yang didapat kemudian dihitung menggunakan program TOXSTAT yangber basis ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sedimen tercemar minyak tidak secara signifikan memengaruhi pertumbuhan Pavlovasp.

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Crude oil waste can detain or reduce the penetration of sunlight into the sea. This may decelerate the growth of microalgae that needs the sunlight to make photosynthesis. Crude oil waste can produce toxic materials which accumulate in the crude oil contaminated sediment. This is an experimental research with 6 treatment and 3 replicates. The treatments in this experiment are sediment with crude oil (A), bioremediated crude oil-contaminated sediment with the addition of single culture bacteria (B), bioremediated crude oil-contaminated sediment with the addition of consortium bacteria (C), bioremediated crude oil-contaminated sediment with the addition of fertilizer (D), bioremediated crudeoil-contaminated sediment with the addition of single culture bacteria and fertilizer (E), and bioremediated crudeoil-contaminated sediment with the addition of consortium bacteria and fertilizer. Control in this experiment was auto claved sea water with the addition of Walnemedianon EDTA. The data was calculated using TOXSTAT program which is based on the ANOVA. Result shows that the crude oil contaminated sediment does not affect the growth of Pavlovasp significantly."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh pemberian mikroalga hijau-biru (Spirulina maxima) terhadap pertumbuhan dan kecerahan warna pada ikan cupang (Betta splendens). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Spirulina maxima dalam meningkatkan kecerahan warna biru dan pertumbuhan pada ikan cupang (Betta splendens). Metode yang digunakan memrupakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari satu uji coba, empat kelompok perlakuan penambahan bubuk Spirulina maxima (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) yang didapati dari perhitungan Pearson square, dan lima kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan nyata secara uji Anava dengan hasil penambahan bubuk spirulina dosis 15% dengan hasil terdapat perubahan warna yang lebih cerah 11,28% dan mampu meningkatkan massa ikan sebesar 0,746 gram.

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Research on the effect of giving blue-green microalgae (Spirulina maxima) on growth and color brightness in Betta fish (Betta splendens) aims to determine the effect of Spirulina maxima in increasing blue color brightness and growth in Betta fish (Betta splendens) and to determine the appropriate concentration of Spirulina maxima addition. to increase color brightness and growth in betta fish (Betta splendens). The method used was a completely randomized design consisting of one trial, four treatment groups with the addition of Spirulina maxima powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) obtained from Pearson square calculations, and five replications. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the Anova test with the addition of spirulina powder at a dose of 15% with the result that there was a brighter color change of 11.28% and was able to increase the mass of fish by 0.746 grams."

"ABSTRAKBiodiesel dan biobutanol merupakan contoh sumber energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar cair yang bersifat karbon netral dan mempunyai beberapa keunggulan dari segi lingkungan apabila dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar fosil. Biodiesel dapat diperoleh dari tanaman, dan juga mikroalga melalui proses ekstraksi. Sedangkan biobutanol dapat diperoleh melalui proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan bakteri C. acetobutylicum dalam memfermentasi mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp dalam menghasilkan biobutanol, serta pengaruhnya terhadap perolehan lipid. Fermentasi terhadap mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp untuk produksi biobutanol sebagai perlakuan awal sebelum ekstraksi lipid mikroalga. Fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan bakteri C. acetobutylicum selama 96 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bakteri C. acetobutylicum mampu menghasilkan butanol 2.61 v/v sebagai hasil yang tertinggi. Proses tersebut menggunakan media hidrolisat dan biomassa mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp hasil hidrolisis viscozyme. Hasil ekstraksi lipid mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp menunjukkan hasil tertinggi dengan diperoleh lipid 25,4 per gram berat kering. Ekstraksi dilakukan pada hidrolisat dan biomassa hasil hidrolisis viscozyme yang tersisa setelah fermentasi.

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ABSTRACT Biodiesel and biobutanol are the examples of alternative energy sources to replace liquid fuel with the carbon neutral characteristic. It also has other benefits related to the environment compared with fossil fuel. Biodiesel can be obtained from plant and microalgae through the extraction process, while biobutanol obtained through fermentation. Fermentation used carbohydrates of microalgae cells wall or other parts as energy and carbon sources. The aim of this study is to determine the ability of C. acetobutylicum bacteria in the fermentation of Nannochloropsis sp microalgae to produce biobutanol, as well as its effect on lipid acquisition. Fermentation of Nannochloropsis sp microalgae for biobutanol production as an initial treatment before lipid extraction. Fermentation was performed with C. acetobutylicum bacteria for 96 hours. The result showed that C. acetobutylicum bacteria were able to produce 2.61 v v butanol as the highest result. This process used Nannochloropsis sp microalgae hydrolysates and biomass of viscozyme hydrolysis yield. The result of Nannochloropsis sp microalgae extraction also showed the highest lipid content 25.4 per gram dry weight. This used hydrolysates and biomass of viscozyme hydrolysis that remaining after fermentation as media."

"Mengurangnya cadangan minyak mendorong para peneliti untuk mencari sumber energy alternatif. Biodiesel adalah salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Microalgae adalah salah satu sumber biodiesel yang baik karena ia memiliki pertumbuhan yang cepat dan tidak perlu mengkhawatirkan akan sumber pangan. Penanaman microalgae dapat dilakukan di air tawar maupun air limbah. Teknik dewatering dibutuhkan untuk memanen microalgae. Namun, proses dewatering membutuhkan biaya yang mahal, maka dari itu, teknik dewatering yang efektif dan efisien sangat dibutuhkan. Eksperimen ini menggunakan teknik Jameson Cell Flotation untuk fase pertama dan pressure filtration untuk fase kedua. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proses pengurangan kadar air dipengaruhi oleh tekanan dan waktu.

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The depletion of oil reserve forces people to find alternative source for energy. Biodiesel is one of the alternative solution to overcome the problem. Microalgae has been found as a suitable source of biodiesel because it has a fast growth rate and it does not need to compete with edible crops. The cultivation of microalgae is done in freshwater or wastewater pond. Dewatering is required to harvest the cultivated microalgae. However, the dewatering contributes a significant proportion of production cost and an efficient and effective method of dewatering is desired. The Jameson Cell flotation is chosen to be the initial stage and the pressure filtration is chosen to be the second stage of dewatering process. It is known that the moisture removal is mainly affected by two factors, pressure and time."

"[Salah satu sumber alternatif yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar minyak adalah mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. yang ternyata memiliki potensi sebagai bahan pangan minyak nabati. Karakterisasi mikroalga untuk memantau pertumbuhan sel dan mengetahui jumlah lipid yang terkandung di dalamnya, secara berturut-turut menggunakan kapasitor plat sejajar dan ultrasonic cleaner. Pengukuran jumlah sel alga menggunakan kapasitor plat sejajar sebagai alternatif alat penghitung sel ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan spektrofotometer Uv-Vis dan Counting Chamber untuk mendapatkan penghitungan yang valid. Sedangkan ekstraksi mikroalga menggunakan alat pembersih ultrasonik sederhana dengan frekuensi 48kHz. Pengukuran dengan menggunakan kapasitor dianggap valid karena kurva kenaikannya sebanding dengan jumlah selnya. Sedangkan hasil ekstraksi lipid dari mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. mencapai nilai optimum pada menit ke-60 dengan menggunakan pelarut metanol sebesar 7.50% dari massa keringnya.

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One source of alternative that can be used as fuel oil is microalgae Nannochloropsis sp which turns have the potential of food as a vegetable oil. Characterization of microalgae to monitoring the growth of cells and knowing the number of lipids contained in it, respectively the use of a capacitor plate parallel and ultrasonic cleaner.The measurement of the number of cells using algae capacitor plate parallel as an alternative instrument coalition cells were then compared with the spectrophotometer uv-vis and counting chamber to get a valid calculation. While the extraction of microalgae used a simple cleaning ultrasonic 48khz with a frequency. Measurements using a capacitor considered valid because a curve inflation figure comparable to cell number. While the results of the extraction of lipid mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. achieve optimum on the 60th minute by using methanol solvent by 7.50 % of a mass of the drying up.;One source of alternative that can be used as fuel oil is microalgae Nannochloropsis sp which turns have the potential of food as a vegetable oil. Characterization of microalgae to monitoring the growth of cells and knowing the number of lipids contained in it, respectively the use of a capacitor plate parallel and ultrasonic cleaner.The measurement of the number of cells using algae capacitor plate parallel as an alternative instrument coalition cells were then compared with the spectrophotometer uv-vis and counting chamber to get a valid calculation .While the extraction of microalgae used a simple cleaning ultrasonic 48khz with a frequency .Measurements using a capacitor considered valid because a curve inflation figure comparable to cell number. While the results of the extraction of lipid mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. achieve optimum on the 60th minute by using methanol solvent by 7.50 % of a mass of the drying up, One source of alternative that can be used as fuel oil is microalgae Nannochloropsis sp which turns have the potential of food as a vegetable oil. Characterization of microalgae to monitoring the growth of cells and knowing the number of lipids contained in it, respectively the use of a capacitor plate parallel and ultrasonic cleaner.The measurement of the number of cells using algae capacitor plate parallel as an alternative instrument coalition cells were then compared with the spectrophotometer uv-vis and counting chamber to get a valid calculation .While the extraction of microalgae used a simple cleaning ultrasonic 48khz with a frequency .Measurements using a capacitor considered valid because a curve inflation figure comparable to cell number. While the results of the extraction of lipid mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. achieve optimum on the 60th minute by using methanol solvent by 7.50 % of a mass of the drying up]"

"Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in water column oj a waterbody are important nutrient Jor the growth ofphytoplankton. Based on literature, it was noted that the NIP ratio in a waterbody can be useful as a diagnostic tool Jor assessing the types of algae likely to exist under different condition. it was also said that a low NIP ratio between 2 - 10, community phytoplankton would be dominated by Cyanophyta (blue green algae) group. in applying in cascade reservoirs at Citarum River Basin indicated there is a particular link between NIP ratio and the tendency oj phytoplankton population dominating the reservoirs. in Jatiluhur Reservoir, the total N to total P ratio (TNITP) is low around 4 and the phytoplankton communities are dominated by Pyrrophyta group with species Ceratium hirudinella. On the contrary, the low TNITP ratio in Saguling and Cirata Reservoirs show that the reservoirs are dominated by Cyanophyta group."

"Penelitian mengenai keragaman mikroalga epifitik di Ciliwung wilayah perbatasan Depok sampai Jakarta Selatan telah dilakukan pada bulan Agustus hingga Desember tahun 2017. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keragaman epifitik pada setiap lokasi penelitian dan hubungan dengan parameter lingkungan di setiap lokasi penelitian. Sampel diambil secara purpose random sampling agar dapat mempresentasikan hasil penelitian.Hasil identifikasi sampel diperoleh 28 jenis mikroalga epifitik dengan 5 divisi terdiri atas divisi Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Rhodophyta dan Euglenophyta. Frekuensi kehadiran mikroalga epifitik berkisar antara 163-606 jenis mikroalga. Frekuensi kehadiran jenis mikroalga tertinggi pada lokasi pertama yaitu Jembatan Panus dibandingkan dua lokasi lain, sedangkan frekuensi kehadiran jenis mikroalga terkecil di lokasi 3 yaitu TB. Simatupang.

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Research on analysis The diversity of Epiphytic microlagae in Ciliwung of border Depok until Jakarta Selatan was conducted on Agustus and December 2017. The aims of this study was to describe the uniformity of epiphytic miroalgae from research site and the relationship of environmental parameters at each research sites. Samples were taken purposive random sampling.

The indentification result of sample obtained 28 spesies, 5 division consist of divisions of Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Rhodophyta and Euglenophyta.The presence frequency of epiphytic microalgae ranges from 163 to 606 cells. The highest frequency of presence of microalgae type in the first location is Panus Bridge compared to two other locations, while the smallest type of microalgae presence at location 3 is TB. Simatupang."