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"[The subject of this book is discussing the income inequality of Chinese residents, its change and the factors that impact it. In this book all kinds of quantitative methods, including decomposing Gini Coefficients method, Fei-Ranis method, two-sectors model and other econometric models. Some special features are that in this book, a two-sectors model was set up to analyze the impact of population migration from urban areas to rural areas on income inequality of total residents, and the inverted U hypothesis was tested by time-series regression model. The inverted U hypothesis is supported by the change of income inequality of Chinese total residents which is different from the conclusion of present reaches. In additional, the impact of rent-seeking income on inequality was discussed, an economic mode was founded to explain the causes of rent-seeking activities in China’s present stage., The subject of this book is discussing the income inequality of Chinese residents, its change and the factors that impact it. In this book all kinds of quantitative methods, including decomposing Gini Coefficients method, Fei-Ranis method, two-sectors model and other econometric models. Some special features are that in this book, a two-sectors model was set up to analyze the impact of population migration from urban areas to rural areas on income inequality of total residents, and the inverted U hypothesis was tested by time-series regression model. The inverted U hypothesis is supported by the change of income inequality of Chinese total residents which is different from the conclusion of present reaches. In additional, the impact of rent-seeking income on inequality was discussed, an economic mode was founded to explain the causes of rent-seeking activities in China’s present stage.]"

"The objective of this study is to examine the effects of education expenditure towards income inequality in Indonesia. The measure of income inequality used is Gini coefficient. The study is conducted using panel data of 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2007 to 2016. By using panel random effects model, the result conveys that education expenditure and Gini coefficient is positively related. In other words, an increase in education expenditure does not always lead to income inequality reduction. By looking at the short-run and long-run effects, this study finds that income inequality falls with rising education expenditure in the short-run but increases in the long-run. It implies that income inequality reduction effect through increasing education expenditure in Indonesia is not sustainable in the long-term. In addition, the study also finds that poverty rate and economic growth increases income inequality implying that the benefits of the rising economy only go to the middle to upper-class society rather than the poor.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pengeluaran pendidikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Ukuran ketimpangan pendapatan yang digunakan adalah koefisien Gini. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dari 33 provinsi di Indonesia dari tahun 2007 hingga 2016. Dengan menggunakan model panel random effects, terbukti bahwa pengeluaran pendidikan dan koefisien Gini berhubungan positif. Dapat diartikan bahwa peningkatan alokasi pengeluaran pendidikan tidak mengarah pada pengurangan ketimpangan pendapatan. Dengan melihat dari sisi efek jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, studi ini menemukan bahwa ketimpangan pendapatan menurun dengan meningkatnya pengeluaran pendidikan dalam jangka pendek tetapi meningkat dalam jangka panjang. Dengan demikian, efek penurunan ketimpangan pendapatan melalui peningkatan pengeluaran pendidikan di Indonesia tidak berkelanjutan dalam jangka panjang. Terlebih lagi, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tingkat kemiskinan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi meningkatkan ketimpangan pendapatan, yang menyiratkan bahwa manfaat dari kenaikan ekonomi hanya diterima oleh masyarakat kelas menengah ke atas melainkan masyrakat miskin."

"Di balik pesatnya keberhasilan ekonomi Tiongkok akibat reformasi ekonomi yang menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat, negara ini juga memiliki banyak masalah ekonomi seperti Meningkatnya Ketimpangan Pendapatan akibat pertumbuhan yang tinggi ini. Masalahnya dapat diperiksa dengan menganalisis Koefisien GINI dan Pandangan Politik negara tersebut.

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Behind the rapid success of China’s economy due to an economic reform which created a rapid economic growth, the country also has many economic problems such as Rising Income Inequality due to this high growth. The problem can be examined by analysing the country’s GINI Coefficient and Political Views."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh keterbukaan perdagangan internasional terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia menggunakan model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu nilai ekspor impor, Pendapatan Domestik Bruto (PDB), pendapatan per kapita, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, dan indeks gini hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek keterbukaan perdagangan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Tetapi, dalam jangka panjang keterbukaan perdagangan internasional tidak berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan. Analisis Impulse Response Function (IRF) memberikan simpulan bahwa ketimpangan ketimpangan pendapatan memberikan respons yang positif, kecuali pada tahun ketiga. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEDV), keterbukaan perdagangan tidak berkontribusi besar dalam memengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Variabel yang kontribusi terbesar dalam memengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan adalah pertumbuhan ekonomi, akan tetapi pertumbuhan ekonomi semakin memperburuk ketimpangan pendapatan dalam jangka panjang. "

"This book contains a high-level collection of papers by some of today's leading distributional analysts. The chapters are well-chosen and are written by respected authors with international profiles. The book will be highly valued as a reference work, by research economists and practitioners, as well as by postgraduate students and professors at universities where distributional measurement theory and application is dealt with at the PhD level.' - Peter Lambert, University of Oregon, "

"Research in Labor Economics volume 44 contains new and innovative research on the causes and consequences of inequality and well-being of the workforce."

"Jambi Province is a province on Sumatra Island with a land area of 5,016,005 hectares, of which 2,098,535 ha are forest areas. With the potential of existing resources, Jambi province's economic growth in the last ten years has been on a positive trend, but for the period 2006 to 2018, experienced significant land degradation which causes the shrinkage of the province natural forest areas. This research aims to analyze the relationship that occurs between variables of primary forest areas, income inequality, and economic growth in Jambi Province by using the vector autoregression method followed by stationarity test, optimum lag test, cointegration test, var stability test, variance decomposition, and granger causality test. Based on the causality of the three research variables, the Granger causality test results indicate that there is a unidirectional causality between income inequality that occurs in Jambi Province and the percentage of primary forest area in Jambi Province that is still available. In addition, the results of the VAR analysis show that based on the t-statistic value, income inequality in period eight significantly affected the percentage of primary forest area in Jambi Province in the following year. Besides that, based on the coefficient, income inequality negatively affected primary forest areas the following year in period eight. The results of the Decomposition Variant test predicted that in period 1, the primary forest area variable affected 99.98% of the primary forest area variable. Income inequality had an effect of 0.02% on primary forest areas, and economic growth in period one did not affect primary forest areas. Predictions for the 10th period show that the primary forest area affects 52.62% of the primary forest area, while 29.81% and 17.56% of the primary forest area in the 10th period are affected by income inequality and economic growth. The analysis above shows the critical role of primary forests in Jambi Province for the existing inequality and economic growth in Jambi Province. Deforestation and non-optimal primary forest management can have a negative impact on the value of income inequality in Jambi Province. Therefore, a policy framework on forestry in Jambi Province is needed that involves the development of plantation forests as an effort that could overcome the decrease in wood supply."

"Beberapa literatur terbaru mengungkapkan bahwa saat ini konsumsi conspicuous tidak hanya mencakup barang-barang terlihat (visible good) saja, melainkan juga barang-barang tak terlihat (invisible good), yang sebagian besar merupakan kebutuhan dasar individu. Konsumsi conspicuous sangat erat kaitannya dengan ketimpangan pendapatan dan karakteristik regional seperti etnis dan agama, namun penelitian antara ketiga variabel ini masih sangat terbatas, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Indonesia memiliki ketimpangan pendapatan yang cukup tinggi serta keberagaman etnis dan agama yang sangat luas, sehingga akan sangat mempengaruhi bagaimana share dari konsumsi conspicuous rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan data pooled konsumsi rumah tangga yang disediakan oleh BPS dari tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2018. Dengan metode 2SLS, hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa (1) ketimpangan pendapatan tidak memiliki pengaruh, tetapi kedua variabel karakteristik regional berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap share konsumsi conspicuous untuk visible good dan (2) ketimpangan pendapatan dan kedua variabel karakteristik regional berpengaruh secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap share konsumsi conspicuous untuk invisible good

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The latest literature reveals that currently conspicuous consumption includes not only visible goods, but also invisible good, which are mostly basic individual needs. Conspicuous consumption is closely related to income inequality and regional characteristics such as ethnicity and religion, however research between these three variables is still very limited, especially in developing countries. Indonesia has a fairly high income inequality as well as a very wide ethnic and religious diversity, so that it will greatly affect how the share of conspicuous household consumption is. This study uses pooled household consumption data provided by BPS from 2017 to 2018.With the 2SLS method, the results of this study find that (1) income inequality has no effect, but the two regional characteristic variables have a positive and significant effect on consumption share conspicuous for visible good and (2) income inequality and the two regional characteristic variables have a negative and significant effect on the share of conspicuous consumption for invisible good."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketimpangan pendapatan yang terjadi antar-daerah di Indonesia yang dibagi ke dalam Wilayah Pesisir Kota, Pesisir Non Kota, dan Non Pesisir. Ketimpangan pendapatan yang terjadi tersebut digambarkan oleh kecenderungan wilayah pesisir yang lebih maju dibanding non pesisir serta keberagaman karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh wilayah pesisir itu sendiri. Dengan menggunakan Fixed Effect dan Random Effect Model pada data panel, kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan yang terjadi di dalam wilayah lebih besar dibandingkan ketimpangan antar-wilayah, dimana perbedaan struktur ekonomi berpengaruh positif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan yang terjadi di masing-masing wilayah.

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This research aims to analyze the income inequality between regions in Indonesia which are divided into the Urban Coastal, Non-Urban Coastal, and Non-Coastal. Income inequality is described by the tendency of coastal region that is more advanced than non-coastal region as well as the diversity of characteristics possessed by the coastal region itself. By using the Fixed Effects and Random Effects Model in the data panel, the conclusions of this research indicate that income inequality within region is greater than inequality between region, where differences in economic structure has a positive effect on income inequality in each region."