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"Introduction -- Counterfactual framework and assumptions -- Conventional methods for data balancing -- Sample selection and related models -- Propensity score matching and related models -- Propensity score subclassification -- Propensity score weighting -- Matching estimators -- Propensity score analysis with nonparametric regression -- Propensity score analysis of categorical or continuous treatments -- Selection bias and sensitivity analysis -- Concluding remar"

"PURPOSE: Laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) has become a standard operative procedure for GERD-related diseases in Japan, although meta-analyses have mainly evaluated findings from Western countries. The propensity score matching method was used to compare and investigate the treatment outcomes of two fundoplication procedures (the Nissen and Toupet methods).METHODS: Among 474 patients who underwent initial LF from December 1994 to April 2016, we extracted 401 cases (Nissen: 92 cases, Toupet: 309 cases), excluding 73 patients in whom follow-up was insufficient. We then matched 126 of these patients (63 per group).RESULTS: The esophageal acid reflux time (%) was 12.2:2.8, being higher in the Nissen group than in the Toupet group (p < 0.001). Regarding the surgical outcome, the amount of bleeding was higher in the Nissen group (p = 0.001), and the number of hospitalization days following surgery was longer (p = 0.003). Furthermore, a significantly rate of postoperative difficulty in swallowing (%) was observed in the Nissen group, at 13:0 (p = 0.004). The recurrence rate (%) was 8:3, with no difference between the two groups (p = 0.243).CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no marked difference in the recurrence rate between the two procedures, postoperative dysphagia was observed at a higher frequency with the Nissen method than the Toupet method."

"Ada anggapan umum dalam literatur dan diantara pembuat kebijakan bahwa remitansi migran memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumahtangga migran di daerah asal. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai remitansi baik internasional maupun internal di Indonesia yang dilakukan untuk memberikan kontribusi dalam menilai dampak dari remitansi pada kesejahteraan rumahtangga. Dengan menggunakan data longitudinal dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2000 sampai dengan tahun 2007 yaitu pada gelombang 3 dan 4, penelitian ini akan mengamati pengaruh dari perkembangan pendapatan remitansi pada investasi aset rumahtangga sebagai ukuran kesejahteraan antara penerima dan non-penerima. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode propensity score matching (PSM)untuk mengukur dampak pendapatan dari remitansi pada aset rumahtangga dan membandingkannya dengan rumahtangga non-remitansi. Ditemukan bahwa rumahtangga penerima remitansi secara signifikan memiliki tingkat kesejahteraan lebih tinggi sebesar 29,1% pada tahun 2000 dan 22,2% pada tahun 2007 ketika dibandingkan dengan rumahtangga nonpenerima remitansi.

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There is a common assumption in the literature and among policy makers that migrant remittances have an important role in improving the welfare of migrant households in the regions of origin. This study observe the international and internal remittances in Indonesia are being made to contribute in assessing the impact of remittances on household welfare. Using longitudinal data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) during 2000 until 2007 on wave 3 and 4, the study will observe at the impact of the development of remittance income on the household accumulated asset as a measure of well-being between recipients and non-recipients.

This research using propensity score matching (PSM) method to measure the revenue impact of remittances on household assets and comparing it to non-remittance households. It was found that remittance recipient households had significantly higher levels of welfare by 29.1% in 2000 and 22.2% in 2007 when compared to non-recipient households remittances."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh otonomi perempuan (economic decision making, freedom from threat, dan health care autonomy) terhadap kejadian diare pada balita di Indonesia menggunakan data SDKI 2017. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi logistik biner dan Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Hasil analisis regresi logistik biner menunjukan bahwa economic decision making, freedom from threat, dan health care autonomy signifikan secara statistik menurunkan peluang terjadinya diare pada balita dengan odds ratio masing-masing sebesar 0,887, 0,761, dan 0,874. Variabel bebas lainnya yang memiliki hubungan signifikan secara statistik terhadap diare pada balita yaitu umur ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, umur anak, durasi menyusu anak, klasifikasi wilayah tempat tinggal, sumber air minum rumah tangga, dan fasilitas sanitasi rumah tangga. Hasil tersebut diperkuat dengan hasil PSM yang menyatakan bahwa balita yang memiliki ibu dengan economic decision making, freedom from threat, dan health care autonomy memiliki resiko terkena diare lebih rendah masing-masing sebesar 1,71%, 3,36%, dan 1,9%. Oleh karena itu penting bagi pemangku kebijakan untuk terus meningkatkan otonomi perempuan, khususnya meningkatkan kebebasan perempuan dari ancaman dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga serta meningkatkan kemampuan perempuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam pembuatan keputusan perawatan kesehatan dan ekonomi sebagai upaya menekan prevalensi diare pada balita.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of women's autonomy (economic decision making, freedom from threat, and health care autonomy ) on childhood diarrhea in Indonesia using the 2017 IDHS data. Analytical method used in this study are binary logistic regression and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The results of the binary logistic regression showed that economic decision making, freedom from threat, and health care autonomy were statistically significant in reducing the chances of childhood diarrhea with odds ratios of 0.887, 0.761, and 0.874, respectively. Other independent variables that have a statistically significant relationship to the incidence of childhood diarrhea are maternal age, mother's education level, child's age, duration of breastfeeding, classification of residential area, household drinking water sources, and household sanitation facilities. These results are reinforced by PMS’s results which states that children who have mothers with economic decision making, freedom from threat, and health care autonomy have a lower risk of diarrhea by 1.71%, 3.36%, and 1.9, respectively. Therefore, it is important for policy makers to keep improving women’s autonomy especially in women's freedom from threat and domestic violence and improving women's participation in health care and economic decision making in case to reduce the chances of childhood diarrhea."

"Neurofeedback is utilized by over 10,000 clinicians worldwide with new techniques and uses being found regularly. Z score neurofeedback is a new technique using a normative database to identify and target a specific individual?s area of dysregulation allowing for faster and more effective treatment. The book describes how to perform z score neurofeedback, as well as research indicating its effectiveness for a variety of disorders including pain, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, PTSD, ADHD, TBI, headache, frontal lobe disorders, or for cognitive enhancement. "

"Kegagalan dalam penyediaan air bisa berdampak terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga miskin. Menurut Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010, salah satu sumber air bersih yang sudah memenuhi standar persyaratan khusus air minum adalah air perpipaan atau air leding. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan kesejahteraan pada pada rumah tangga miskin pengguna sumber air leding terhadap bukan pengguna dengan menggunakan metode Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kesejahteraan yang signifikan antara rumah tangga pengguna air leding dan tidak di kalangan penduduk miskin.

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The quality of water supply could have impact to household welfare. According to Ministry of Health Regulation No. 492/Menkes/PER/IV/2010, pipeline water is one of the sources of clean water that meets the requirements of drinking water standard. This study aims to look at the difference in the welfare of poor households who use the pipeline water using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The result shows that the welfare of pipeline water users is significantly higher than non-users. To expand the program, we suggest that the government should subsidies the poor household to make pipeline water accessible for them."

"Pemerintah mengesahkan Undang-Undang No. 33 tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (UUJPH) sebagai aturan mandatory halal dengan harapan dapat terwujudnya perlindungan untuk konsumen muslim dan untuk memberikan nilai tambah bagi pelaku UMK. Namun hingga tahun 2019, hanya sebesar 1% UMK yang sudah bersertifikat halal (MUI, 2021) sehingga untuk dapat melihat dampak dari sertifikat halal terhadap kinerja, peneliti membandingkan antara kinerja UMK yang bersertifikat halal dengan UMK yang belum bersertifikat halal menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Metode PSM dapat menyeimbangkan atau menyamakan kelompok subjek penelitian dengan metode matching. Dengan metode ini kelompok treatmen dipasangkan dengan kelompok nontreatmen berdasarkan kovariat yang diamati. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengurangi bias dalam estimasi efek perlakuan pada data yang bersifat observasi karena adanya faktor confounding. Propensity Score merupakan probabilitas bersyarat mendapatkan perlakuan tertentu berdasarkan kovariat yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa ada perbedaan kinerja antara UMK yang bersertifikat halal dengan UMK yang tidak bersertifikat halal namun pengaruh dari sertifikat halal tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja UMK.

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The government passed Undang Undang No. 33, 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee (UUJPH) as a mandatory halal regulation in the hope of realizing protection for Muslim consumers and to provide added value for MSEs. However, until 2019, only 1% of MSEs have been certified halal (MUI, 2021) so to be able to see the impact of halal certificates on performance, researchers compare the performance of MSEs that are halal certified and MSEs that have not been certified halal using a quantitative research design with the method Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The PSM method can balance or equalize groups of research subjects with the matching method. With this method the treatment group is paired with the non-treated group based on the observed covariates. This method is used to reduce bias in the estimation of treatment effects on observational data due to confounding factors. Propensity Score is a conditional probability of getting a certain treatment based on the observed covariates. The results of the study stated that there was a difference in performance between MSEs that were halal-certified and MSEs that were not halal-certified, but the effect of the halal certificate was not significant on the performance of MSEs."