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"[This book biographies of 'famous' entrepreneurs which are informative. While informative, these are usually of a non-academic nature. Academic studies tend to focus on the political and economic environment in which present day Chinese entrepreneurs have to operate. Both these types of publications shed light on the entrepreneurial identity. This study aims at filling the research gap with a core question : why do some people become entrepreneurs? The authors have analysed the life stories of a number of Chinese private entrepreneurs to reveal how the entrepreneurial identity of each of them has emerged at the cross section of a number of other identities. This book therefore contributes to a better understanding of Chinese entrepreneurship and the study of entrepreneurship in general. , This book biographies of 'famous' entrepreneurs which are informative. While informative, these are usually of a non-academic nature. Academic studies tend to focus on the political and economic environment in which present day Chinese entrepreneurs have to operate. Both these types of publications shed light on the entrepreneurial identity. This study aims at filling the research gap with a core question : why do some people become entrepreneurs? The authors have analysed the life stories of a number of Chinese private entrepreneurs to reveal how the entrepreneurial identity of each of them has emerged at the cross section of a number of other identities. This book therefore contributes to a better understanding of Chinese entrepreneurship and the study of entrepreneurship in general. ]"

"Sebagai salah satu titik utama dalam proses customer journey, interaksi antar konsumen dalam komunitas berbasis sosial media berperan krusial sebagai sistem penciptaan brand meaning, dan juga berpotensi mengarahkan perilaku konsumen. Dikarenakan perannya yang esensial, maka mengevaluasi dinamika interaksi antar konsumen adalah dasar dari desain penelitian ini. Sebagai salah satu teori yang sesuai untuk mendalami dinamika komunitas brand online, maka pada studi ini, teori social capital digunakan untuk menelaah akumulasi sumber daya sosial yang terjadi pada tingkatan kolektif dan juga individu, serta dampaknya pada jangka panjang terhadap brand.Untuk mengkontraskan tingkatan social capital, makai penelitian ini mengkombinasikan elemen social capital yang terakumulasi secara kolektif dan berimplikasi secara personal. selanjutnya tiga jenis motivasi intrinsik sebagai anteseden untuk mewakili karakteristik pengguna sosial media secara umum. Sebagai konsekuensi akhir, perilaku loyalitas terhadap brand dan komunitas digunakan sebagai konstruk yang menegaskan implikasi jangka panjang. Hasil pengolahan data yang bersumber dari 540 responden, menyatakan bahwa akumulasi social capital hanya akan terjadi jika adanya partisipasi anggota kepada suatu konten atau interaksi sesama anggota. Untuk pengguna yang hanya menyerap informasi, walaupun keberadaan mereka meningkatkan profil komunitas, tidak mampu berkontribusi kepada pembentukan sumber daya kolektif. Selanjutnya sumber daya yang terakumulasi akan memberdayakan individu-indvidu untuk mengadopsi dan menginterpretasi nilai-nilai terkait brand dan akhirnya mengarahkan kepada suatu perilaku loyal kepada brand dan komunitas.

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In the concept of the customer journey, interactions among customers on social media stand out as a critical point, playing a crucial role in shaping brand meaning and influencing consumer behaviors. Given its significance, this study is grounded in evaluating the dynamics of consumer interactions within the context of a virtual community. Social capital is chosen as a suitable theory for studying the mechanics of online brand communities, examining the accumulation of social resources at both the collective and individual levels. Furthermore, it delves into its long-term impact on the brand.

To contrast the levels of social capital, this study integrates the elements of social capital that are collectively accrued and examines their impact on an individual level. Additionally, three types of intrinsic motivations are incorporated to convey the general characteristics of social media users. The ultimate outcomes are loyalty behaviors toward the brand and the community. The results of the data analysis, derived from 540 respondents, indicate that the accumulation of social capital is contingent upon active and continuous participation from community members. While passive members may increase community profiles in terms of numbers, merely acquiring information inactively does not contribute to the development of collective resources. Additionally, the accumulated social resources guide individuals toward a commitment to adopting and interpreting brand values, ultimately leading to loyalty behaviors towards both the brand and the community."

""In recent years, immigration researchers have increasingly drawn on the concept of social capital and the role of social networks to understand the dynamics of immigrant experiences. How can they help to explain what brings migrants from some countries to others, or why members of different immigrant groups experience widely varying outcomes in their community settings, occupational opportunities, and educational outcomes? This timely book examines the major issues in social capital research, showing how economic and social contexts shape networks in the process of migration, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of this approach to the study of international migration. By drawing on a broad range of examples from major immigrant groups, the book takes network-based social capital theory out of the realm of abstraction and reveals the insights it offers."--"

"Leading scholars in the field of social networks from diverse disciplines present the first systematic and comprehensive collection of current theories and empirical research on the informal connections that individuals have for support, help, and information from other people. Expanding on concepts originally formulated by Pierre Bourdieu and James Coleman, this seminal work will find an essential place with educators and students in the fields of social networks, rational choice theory, institutions, and the socioeconomics of poverty, labor markets, social psychology, and race.The volume is divided into three parts. The first segment clarifies social capital as a concept and explores its theoretical and operational bases. Additional segments provide brief accounts that place the development of social capital in the context of the family of capital theorists, and identify some critical but controversial perspectives and statements regarding social capital in the literature. The editors then make the argument for the network perspective, why and how such a perspective can clarify controversies and advance our understanding of a whole range of instrumental and expressive outcomes.Social Capital further provides a forum for ongoing research programs initiated by social scientists working at the crossroads of formal theory and new methods. These scholars and programs share certain understandings and approaches in their analyses of social capital. They argue that social networks are the foundation of social capital. Social networks simultaneously capture individuals and social structure, thus serving as a vital conceptual link between actions and structural constraints, between micro- and macro-level analyses, and between relational and collective dynamic processes. They are further cognizant of the dual significance of the "structural" features of the social networks and the "resources" embedded in the networks as defining elements of social capital"

"ABSTRAKMelihat kondisi Ambon pasca konflik, yang antara lain ditandai dengan lemahnya kebijakan manajemen pelayanan publik; masih rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik; pertumbuhan ekonomi yang belum merata; dinamika ketenagakerjaan, bursa tenaga kerja yang belum memadai; belum tuntasnya penanganan pengungsi; lemahnya proses penegakan hukum menyangkut hak-hak perdata pengungsi; masih kentalnya kondisi segregasi sosial berdasarkan garis agama; penataan kota dan pedagang kaki lima yang masih semerawut; perebutan lahan proyek yang masih tinggi; serta lemahnya akses publik terhadap kontrol pengelolaan sumber daya alam, menunjukkan bahwa penanganan konflik Ambon memang tidak berorientasi pada rekonstruksi modal sosial. Penanganan konflik yang berorientasi pada rekonstruksi modal sosial mencerminkan pada tujuan untuk kerjasama yang muncul dalam struktur sosial, norma-norma, dan otoritas dengan aturan yang diakui umum. Kondisi yang demikian berasal dari hubungan antara anggota unit sosial dan dengan demikian, eksistensinya muncul dalam tindakan nyata.Modal sosial dalam perspektif ini adalah fungsi dari totalitas hubungan horizontal dan vertikal, formal dan informal dan jaringan dalam suatu unit sosial tertentu (kerangka kerja makro). Modal sosial dapat diakumulasikan pada tingkat yang berbeda dan dalam berbagai bentuk. Efek positif pada masyarakat hanya dapat dicapai jika tingkat mikro, meso dan makro terjadi dalam interaksi yang dinamis dan koheren, serta lingkup yang cocok.Membangun struktur pada meso dan tingkat makro adalah tindakan yang diperlukan dalam proses rekonstruksi, tetapi tidak bisa sukses jika tidak memiliki dasar yang stabil dari tingkat mikro masing-masing pihak yang berkonflik. Tingkat mikro dari nilai-nilai bersama, sikap, hubungan, kepercayaan, dan lainlain tidak dapat diimpor, atau berubah seketika atau dipaksakan dari luar.Dalam situasi pasca konflik, sangat tidak mungkin untuk merehabilitasi modal sosial yang sudah ada sebelumnya, oleh karena itu modal sosial yang baru perlu dibangun. Untuk mendukung pernyataan bahwa rekonstruksi muncul tergantung pada tingkat mikro, bukti-bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa ukuran dan kepadatan jaringan dan lembaga-lembaga sosial, dan sifat interaksi interpersonal, secara signifikan mempengaruhi efisiensi dan keberlanjutan program pembangunan. Pengaturan kelembagaan juga harus dipertimbangkan ketika merancang intervensi, upaya diarahkan untuk membantu orang tetap terhubung dengan partisipasi masyarakat, hubungan antara masyarakat sipil dan pemerintah, dan evolusi lembaga-lembaga demokratis

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ABSTRAKObserving the condition of Ambon postconflict, which characterized by weak public service management policies; the low participation in public service; uneven economic growth; dynamics of employment, the labor market has not been adequately; unresolved problems of refugees; lack of law enforcement regarding civil rights of refugees; still strong conditions of social segregation based on religion; arrangement of the city and street vendors are still not organized; land grabbing project is still high; as well as the lack of public access to natural resources management control, indicates that the Ambon conflict resolution is not oriented on the reconstruction of social capital. Handling conflict oriented social capital reconstruction reflects the purpose of the agreement emerged in the social structure, norms, and authority that are recognized by the general rule. Such conditions derived from the relationship between the members of a social unit, and thus existence appeared in the action.Social capital in this perspective is a function of the totality of the relationship of horizontal and vertical, formal and informal, and social networks in a particular unit (macro framework). Social capital can be accumulated at different levels and in various forms. Positive effect on society can only be achieved if the level micro, meso, and macro occurs in a dynamic and coherent interactions, and the proper scope.Build structures at meso and macro levels are necessary actions in the reconstruction process, but it can not be successful if it does not have a stable base of micro-level of each party to the conflict. Micro level of shared values, attitudes, relationships, trust, and others can not be imported or change instantly or imposed from outside.In postconflict situations, to rehabilitate existing social capital is impossible, therefore, the new social capital needs to be built. To promote the statement that the reconstruction occurs depending on the micro level, evidence suggests that the size and density of the network, and social institutions, and the nature of interpersonal interaction, significantly affect the efficiency and sustainability of development programs. Institutional regulating should be considered when designing interventions, attempt directed to help people stay connected with community participation, the relationship between civil society and government, and the evolution of democratic institutions"

"[State-controlled listed companies have always dominated Chinese stock markets. As a result of the rampant scandals related to them, there have been voluminous academic efforts to explore their corporate governance, underpinned by agency costs. However, these studies have yet to examine the phenomenon from the perspective of venture capital and adaptive efficiency. During the last ten years, despite China's remarkable progress in the development of its venture capital market, its domestic venture capital has been marginalized by American competitors. Given the different performance between them, the author contends that the corporate governance system of Chinese state-controlled listed companies has hampered the performance of the institutional factors which are responsible for the prosperity of American venture capital in Chinese venture capital markets. With the practice of American venture capital as the mirror, he empirically demonstrates that Chinese domestic venture capital lacks the four factors related to the success of their American counterparts: large and independent funding, application of incentive mechanisms, efficient exit channels, and a high risk tolerance level. More importantly, these defects as a whole are closely linked to the corporate governance of state-controlled listed companies. Considering the potential negative consequences on economic and social development, the author identifies policy reforms underway to harmonize agency costs and adaptive efficiency. , State-controlled listed companies have always dominated Chinese stock markets. As a result of the rampant scandals related to them, there have been voluminous academic efforts to explore their corporate governance, underpinned by agency costs. However, these studies have yet to examine the phenomenon from the perspective of venture capital and adaptive efficiency. During the last ten years, despite China's remarkable progress in the development of its venture capital market, its domestic venture capital has been marginalized by American competitors. Given the different performance between them, the author contends that the corporate governance system of Chinese state-controlled listed companies has hampered the performance of the institutional factors which are responsible for the prosperity of American venture capital in Chinese venture capital markets. With the practice of American venture capital as the mirror, he empirically demonstrates that Chinese domestic venture capital lacks the four factors related to the success of their American counterparts: large and independent funding, application of incentive mechanisms, efficient exit channels, and a high risk tolerance level. More importantly, these defects as a whole are closely linked to the corporate governance of state-controlled listed companies. Considering the potential negative consequences on economic and social development, the author identifies policy reforms underway to harmonize agency costs and adaptive efficiency. ]"