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"ABSTRACTPURPOSE:Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various types of airway inflammation and obstruction. Therefore, it is classified into several subphenotypes, such as early onset atopic, obese non eosinophilic, benign, and eosinophilic asthma, using cluster analysis. A number of asthmatics frequently experience exacerbation over a longterm follow up period, but the exacerbation prone subphenotype has rarely been evaluated by cluster analysis. This prompted us to identify clusters reflecting asthma exacerbation. METHODS:A uniform cluster analysis method was applied to 259 adult asthmatics who were regularly followed up for over 1 year using 12 variables, selected on the basis of their contribution to asthma phenotypes. After clustering, clinical profiles and exacerbation rates during follow up were compared among the clusters. RESULTS:Four sub phenotypes were identified: cluster 1 was comprised of patients with early onset atopic asthma with preserved lung function, cluster 2 late onset non atopic asthma with impaired lung function, cluster 3 early onset atopic asthma with severely impaired lung function, and cluster 4 late onset non atopic asthma with well preserved lung function. The patients in clusters 2 and 3 were identified as exacerbation prone asthmatics, showing a higher risk of asthma exacerbation.CONCLUSIONS: Two different phenotypes of exacerbation prone asthma were identified among Korean asthmatics using cluster analysis; both were characterized by impaired lung function, but the age at asthma onset and atopic status were different between the two."

"ABSTRAKJurnal ini membahas mengenai kritik sosial yang ingin disampaikan oleh Kim Chi Ha terhadap pemerintahan Park Chung Hee dalam tiga puisinya yang berjudul Tanenun Mokmareumeuro, Yeoul 2 dan Jageun Geoseul Boja. Jurnal ini ingin memperlihatkan keadaan Korea Selatan yang menderita akibat pemerintahan Park Chung Hee yang otoriter dan anti demokrasi, melalui kritik yang disampaikan oleh Kim Chi Ha melalui simbol-simbol yang ada di dalam puisinya. Metode yang digunakan adalah melalui pendekatan semiotik dengan metode kualitatif serta analisis deskriptif dan penggunaan metode studi pustaka sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketiga puisi karangan Kim Chi Ha menggambarkan pemerintahan Park Chung Hee yang anti demokrasi, tidak memperlakukan rakyatnya secara manusiawi dan tidak adanya hubungan yang harmonis antara rakyat dan pemerintah.

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ABSTRACTThis journal discusses the social criticism from Kim Chi Ha to Park Chung Hee 39 s government in his three poems entitled Tanenun Mokmareumeuro, Yeoul 2 and Jageun Geoseul Boja. This journal wants to show the state of South Korea suffering from authoritarian and anti democratic of Park Chung Hee rsquo s government, through criticism delivered by Kim Chi Ha by symbols in his poetry. The method used is through semiotic method with qualitative methods and descriptive analysis and the use of literature as a method of data collection. The results of the research from this journal are through the criticisms of Taneun Mokmareumeuro poetry, Yeoul 2 and Jageun Geoseul Boja, seen that the Park Chung Hee government is an anti democratic government, does not treat its people humanely and there is no harmonious relationship between the people and government."