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Skold, Ola
"This book, which is the translated version of a Swedish book, combines a general introduction of a variety of antibiotics with a more in-depth discussion of resistance. The focus on resistance in learning about antibiotics will help future scientists recognize the problem antibiotics resistance poses for medicinal and drug-related fields, and perhaps trigger more research and discoveries to fight antibiotic resistant strains. Current overviews of the topic are included, along with specific discussions on the individual mechanisms (betalactams, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, etc) used in various antibacterial agents and explanations of how resistances to those develop. Methods for counteracting resistance development in bacteria are discussed as well."
Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2011
e20394988
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Anthony R.M. Coates, editor
"This book describes antibiotic resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria. It starts with an overview of the erosion of the efficacy of antibiotics by resistance and the decrease in the rate of replacement of redundant compounds. The origins of antibiotic resistance are then described. It is proposed that there is a large bacterial resistome which is a collection of all resistance genes and their precursors in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Ongoing resistance surveillance programs are also discussed, together with the perspective of a clinical microbiologist.
The book then turns to specific themes such as the most serious area of resistance in pathogens, namely in Gram-negative organisms. The role of combinations of antibiotics in combating resistance emergence is discussed, particularly in the tuberculosis field, and then the importance of non-multiplying and persistent bacteria which are phenotypically resistant to antibiotics and prolong the duration of therapy of antibiotics which leads to poor compliance and resistance emergence. The role of anti-microbial compounds in textiles is covered, with its potential to exacerbate the spread of resistance. Then, efflux pumps are discussed. The final chapter describes the compounds which are in late stage clinical development, illustrating the paucity of the antibiotic pipeline, especially for Gram-negative bacteria."
Berlin: [, Springer], 2012
e20417720
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Bowater, Laura
Cambridge: UK Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017
616.014 BOW m
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nur Alina Rahmadiani
"Resistensi antibiotik merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pengobatan berbagai penyakit infeksi, termasuk di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil penggunaan antibiotik cefepime sebagai bagian dari kelompok antibiotik "reserve" di RSUP Fatmawati pada periode Januari hingga Oktober 2023. Penggunaan cefepime ditujukan untuk infeksi bakteri yang resisten terhadap berbagai antibiotik lain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah retrospektif dengan mengumpulkan data dari rekam medis pasien, hasil uji kultur, dan konsultasi dengan Komite Pengendalian Resistensi Antimikroba (KPRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien yang menggunakan cefepime adalah kelompok usia lanjut (>60 tahun), dengan tingkat mortalitas yang cukup tinggi. Dari hasil uji kultur, ditemukan bahwa sekitar 57,14% biakan menunjukkan hasil negatif, sedangkan selebihnya menunjukkan adanya bakteri seperti Escherichia coli dan Acinetobacter baumannii. Konsultasi dengan KPRA dilakukan untuk sekitar 65,08% pasien, dan persetujuan penggunaan cefepime diberikan pada 33,33% pasien. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan cefepime memerlukan evaluasi lebih lanjut berdasarkan hasil kultur dan sensitivitas untuk meminimalkan risiko resistensi antibiotik yang lebih tinggi.

Antibiotic resistance is a global health issue affecting the effectiveness of treatment for various infectious diseases, including in hospitals. This study aims to analyze the profile of cefepime usage as a "reserve" antibiotic at RSUP Fatmawati from January to October 2023. Cefepime is used for bacterial infections that are resistant to various other antibiotics. This retrospective study collected data from patient medical records, culture test results, and consultations with the Antimicrobial Resistance Control Committee (KPRA). The results showed that most patients using cefepime were elderly (>60 years), with a relatively high mortality rate. Culture tests revealed that 57.14% of the cultures were negative, while the remaining cultures indicated the presence of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Consultations with KPRA were conducted for about 65.08% of the patients, with cefepime approval granted for 33.33% of them. This study concludes that cefepime use requires further evaluation based on culture and sensitivity tests to minimize the risk of increased antibiotic resistance. "
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2023
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Maulana Rosyady
"Latar belakang: Resistensi antibiotik merupakan ancaman kesehatan global. Tingginya tingkat reproduksi mikroorganisme dan kemampuan tekanan selektif yang kuat dari mikroorganisme menghadapi antibiotik pilihan merupakan permasalahan penggunaan antibiotik saat ini. Salah satu cara agar dapat menguatkan pemahaman dan ketaatan staf medis adalah melalui edukasi. Pemanfaatan teknologi seperti e-learning merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan dan ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik.
Metode: Penelitian intervensi ini melibatkan seluruh DPJP dan PPDS Sp1 Ilmu Kesehatan Anak yang berstatus aktif di FKUI RSCM. Intervensi e-learning dilakukan terhadap DPJP dan PPDS dengan topik Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) via website EMAS UI kemudian dinilai tingkat pengetahuan pra- dan pasca-intervensi. Penggunaan antibiotik satu bulan pra- dan pasca-intervensi dinilai dengan alur Gyssens untuk menilai ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik.
Hasil: Total penggunaan antibiotik pra- dan pasca-intervensi berturut-turut adalah 248 dan 229 antibiotik. Sebanyak 135 (54,4%) penggunaan antibiotik pra-intervensi dan 170 (72,24%) penggunaan antibiotik pasca-intervensi dinilai tepat. Analisis bivariat terhadap ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna pra- dan pasca-intervensi (OR= 0,537, IK 95% 0,363-0,795; p< 0,002). Sebanyak 42 dari total 56 DPJP anak dan 119 dari total 123 PPDS Sp1 Ilmu Kesehatan Anak mengikuti intervensi e-learning. Analisis bivariat menunjukan terdapat hubungan bermakna terhadap tingkat pengetahuan DPJP pra- dan pasca-intervensi (1 vs 32; p<0,001) dan PPDS pra- dan pasca-intervensi (10 vs 66; p<0,001).
Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan signifikan tingkat ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien anak di ruang perawatan RSCM dan tingkat pengetahuan ketepatan pemberian antibiotik pada DPJP dan PPDS setelah dilakukan intervensi edukasi melalui metode e-learning.

Backgorund: Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. The high rate of reproduction of microorganisms and the strong selective pressure ability of microorganisms against antibiotics are the problems of the current use of antibiotics. Education is a way to strengthen the understanding and obedience of medical staff. Utilization of technology such as e-learning can be used to increase the level of knowledge and the effectiveness of using antibiotics.
Method: This intervention study involved all active pediatric staff and pediatric residents from the Department of Child Health in FMUI-CMH. Staff and residents underwent intervention through e-learning on the topic of Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) via the EMAS UI website, and then the level of their pre- and post-intervention knowledge was assessed. The use of antibiotics one month pre- and post-intervention was assessed by Gyssen's flowchart to assess the appropriateness of the antibiotics usage.
Result: A total of 135 (54.4%) uses of pre-intervention antibiotics and 170 (72.24%) uses of post-intervention antibiotics were considered appropriate. Bivariate analysis of the appropriate use of antibiotics showed that there was a significant relationship pre- and post-intervention (135 vs. 170, 95% CI 0.363-0.795; p 0.002). Forty two out of 56 staff and 119 out of 123 residents participate in e-learning. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of pre- and post-intervention in pediatric staff (1 vs. 32; p 0.001) and pre- and post-intervention pediatric residents (10 vs. 66; p 0.001).
Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the appropriateness level of using antibiotics in pediatric patients at CMH and the level of knowledge about the appropriateness of giving antibiotics to staff and residents after educational interventions were carried out through the e-learning.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Siregar, Eunike Hanna Dameria
"Latar Belakang : Meropenem, salah satu antibiotik yang paling efektif terhadap bakteri gram negatif dan bakteri gram positif, dianggap sebagai pengobatan terakhir yang paling dapat diandalkan untuk infeksi bakteri. Penyebaran yang cepat dari resistensi meropenem, terutama diantara bakteri gram negatif, merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sangat penting. Berbagai faktor diketahui berhubungan dengan kejadian resistensi meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif, namun penelitian yang dilakukan pada pasien infeksi intra abdomen masih terbatas.
Tujuan : Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan resistensi antibiotik meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif pada pasien infeksi intra-abdomen di RSCM tahun 2013-2017.
Metode : Penelitian desain cross sectional dengan mengambil data dari rekam medis pasien infeksi intra abdomen pada rentang waktu tahun 2013-2017 sebanyak keseluruhan populasi terjangkau.
Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik dari faktor-faktor yaitu, usia, jenis kelamin, penyakit yang menyertai, riwayat antibiotik, jumlah leukosit dan jumlah albumin yang berhubungan dengan resistensi meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif.
Kesimpulan : Usia, jenis kelamin, penyakit yang menyertai, riwayat antibiotik, jumlah leukosit dan jumlah albumin bukan merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan resistensi meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif pada pasien infeksi intra abdomen. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan resistensi meropenem terhadap bakteri gram negatif pada pasien infeksi intra abdomen.

Background : Meropenem, one of the most effective antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, is considered to be the most reliable last treatment for bacterial infections. The rapid spread of meropenem resistance, especially among gram negative bacteria, is a very important health problem. Various factors are known to be associated with the incidence of meropenem resistance to gram-negative bacteria, but studies conducted on patients with intra-abdominal infections are still limited.
Objectives : To determine the factors associated with meropenem resistance against gram-negative bacteria in patients with intra-abdominal infections at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in the year of 2013-2017.
Methods : A cross sectional design study by taking data from medical records of intra-abdominal infection patients in the period of 2013-2017 as much as the entire affordable population.
Results : There were no statistically significant differences in factors, namely age, sex, accompanying disease, history of antibiotics, number of leucocyte and amount of albumin associated with meropenem resistance against gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusion : Age, sex, accompanying disease, history of antibiotics, number of leucocytes and amount of albumin are not factors associated with meropenem resistance against gram-negative bacteria in patients with intra-abdominal infections. Further research is needed to determine the effect of other factors related to meropenem resistance against gram-negative bacteria in patients with intra-abdominal infections.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"The book starts with four chapters in which the potential, advantages, and phylogeny of enzybiotics are reviewed. Then, the new ways of controlling infections by Gramnegative bacteria and an updated view of bacteriophage holins are presented. After a review of antistaphylococcal lytic enzymes, the book goes on to discuss membrane targeted enzybiotics, as well as the design of phage cocktails for current therapy. Finally, the last two chapters deal respectively with the novel methods to identify new enzybiotics and the use of modified phages to induce suicide in bacteria.
Enzybiotics is a promising way of fighting bacterial or fungal infectious diseases by using viruses or viral-derived lysins. Drawing from the fields of medicinal chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry, this book presents the state of the science in enzybiotics research, fully exploring its emerging therapeutic applications.
The book begins with four chapters that review the potential applications, possible advantages, and phylogeny of enzybiotics. Next, the book explores :
- A new approach to controlling infections using Gram-negative bacteria
- Bacteriophage holins and their membrane-disrupting activity
- Anti-staphylococcal lytic enzymes
- Membrane-targeted enzybiotics
- Design of phage cocktails for therapy from a host-range point of view
- Novel methods to identify new enzybiotics
- Genetically modified phages that deliver suicidal genes to target bacteria
The authors, all active enzybiotics researchers, offer a variety of perspectives, the benefit of their own hands-on investigations, as well as a thorough review and analysis of the current literature.
As more and more bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, the development of new disease-fighting agents has become essential. This book demonstrates the full potential of the emerging field of enzybiotics to control infectious diseases. Moreover, it will serve as a springboard for new research and the development of new therapeutics."
Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2010
e20393912
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Isravani Valencia
"Provinsi DKI Jakarta umumnya mengandalkan tangki septik di perumahan dan IPAL permukiman di kawasan tertentu sebagai tempat pembuangan tinja setempat serta membuang cairan efluennya ke saluran drainase, tetapi penelitian mengenai kinerja penyisihan unsur AMR-nya masih minim. IPAL permukiman sebagai salah satu sistem pengolahan tinja setempat menciptakan kondisi yang kondusif bagi terjadinya akuisisi resistensi antarinang via transfer gen horizontal (HGT) berdasarkan kelimpahan nutrisi, kelimpahan mobile genetic elements (MGE) yang memfasilitasi HGT, proses pengolahan, kandungan logam berat sebagai tekanan selektif, dan variabel lain-lain. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis prevalensi ARG dan MGE dengan metode High-Throughput Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HT-qPCR), tingkat reduksi atau peningkatan ARG dan MGE, serta hubungan antara logam berat dan MGE dengan ARG di IPAL permukiman. Sebanyak 8 dari 65 gen target masih terdeteksi di semua sampel unit final (n = 8). Salah satunya adalah crAss56 yang mengindikasikan bahwa efluen cairan IPAL permukiman menjadi potensial sumber diseminasi AMR di hilir. IPAL permukiman tidak menunjukkan kemampuan reduksi kelimpahan absolut gen 16S rRNA, MGE, ARG yang konsisten, bahkan salah satunya (ST4) mengamplifikasi semua gen-gen tersebut. Terlihat pola kelimpahan ARG berbeda antara IPAL permukiman terindikasi terbengkalai dengan yang beroperasional yang menyiratkan mekanisme pengolahan tertentu, seperti pengolahan biologis (aerobik, anaerobik, kombinasi) dan klorinasi, dapat berkontribusi dalam proliferasi ARG. Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi signifikan secara statistik (p-value < 0.05) dengan arah positif antara mangan (Mn) vs. ARG (qacE∆1_3 > aph3-ib > ereA), seng (Zn) vs. ARG (aph3-ib > vanA > ereA > blaSHV11 > intl3 > qnrS2), serta MGE (intl3) vs. ARG (ereA > vanA > aph3-ib > blaSHV11 > qacE∆1_3 > qnrS2). Maka, korelasi tersebut menandakan intl3 memiliki potensial tinggi sebagai fasilitator HGT. Logam berat juga mungkin menginduksi HGT dan/atau menyeleksi dengan antibiotik secara bersamaan terhadap ARB. Maka, penemuan penelitian ini menyorotkan pentingnya diadakannya pemantauan AMR di berbagai sistem air limbah, khususnya black water.

The DKI Jakarta Province generally relies on septic tanks in residential areas and tenement wastewater treatment plants in certain areas as on-site feces disposal sites along with discharging their effluent water into drainage channels, but research on their AMR element removal performance is still limited. Tenement WWTPs as one of the on-site feces treatment systems create conditions that are conducive to the acquisition of resistance between hosts via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) based on the abundance of nutrients, the abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGE) which facilitate HGT, treatment processes, heavy metal content as selective pressure, and other variables. Thus, this research was conducted to analyze the prevalence of ARG and MGE using the High-Throughput Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HT-qPCR) method, the level of reduction or increase in ARG and MGE, as well as the relationship between heavy metals and MGE and ARG in tenement WWTPs. A total of 8 of the 65 target genes were still detected in all final unit samples (n = 8). One of them was crAss56 which indicated that tenement WWTP effluent water is a potential source of downstream AMR dissemination. Tenement WWTPs did not show a consistent ability to reduce the absolute abundance of 16S rRNA, MGE, ARG genes, in fact one of them (ST4) amplified all of these genes. It can be seen that the pattern of ARG abundance is different between tenement WWTP indicated to be abandoned and those that are operational, which implies that certain treatment mechanisms, such as biological treatment (aerobic, anaerobic, combined) and chlorination, can contribute to the proliferation of ARGs. Spearman correlation analysis showed a statistically significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) in the positive direction between manganese (Mn) vs. ARGs (qacE∆1_3 > aph3-ib > ereA), zinc (Zn) vs. ARGs (aph3-ib > vanA > ereA > blaSHV11 > intl3 > qnrS2), as well as MGEs (intl3) vs. ARGs (ereA > vanA > aph3-ib > blaSHV11 > qacE∆1_3 > qnrS2). Therefore, this correlation indicates that intl3 has high potential as a facilitator of HGT. Heavy metals may also induce HGT and/or co-select against ARBs with antibiotics. Thus, the findings of this study highlight the importance of monitoring AMR in various wastewater systems, especially black water."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Mishbahus Surur
"Resistensi antibiotik merupakan permasalahan kesehatan global yang memerlukan perhatian serius, terutama di negara-negara berkembang dengan tingkat penggunaan antibiotik yang tinggi seperti Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat pengetahuan pengunjung Apotek Kimia Farma 321 Lamongrejo mengenai penggunaan antibiotik secara rasional dan memberikan intervensi edukasi terkait. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasional non-eksperimental dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei terstruktur yang terdiri dari 16 pertanyaan serta dilengkapi dengan kegiatan edukasi dan pembagian brosur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik (60%), diikuti oleh sangat baik (20%), cukup (15%), dan kurang (5%). Analisis topik survei menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan terkait cara penggunaan antibiotik memiliki tingkat pemahaman terendah (76,7%), dengan kesalahan persepsi terutama pada penghentian konsumsi antibiotik saat gejala membaik. Intervensi edukasi terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman responden terkait penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pelaksanaan edukasi berkelanjutan untuk mencegah resistensi antibiotik. Studi lanjutan dengan cakupan responden yang lebih luas dan pendekatan multidisiplin diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan strategi pengendalian resistensi antibiotik.

Antibiotic resistance is a global health issue requiring serious attention, particularly in developing countries with high antibiotic usage rates, such as Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge level of visitors to Kimia Farma Pharmacy 321 Lamongrejo regarding rational antibiotic use and to provide educational interventions on the subject. The study employed a non-experimental observational method with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through a structured survey comprising 16 questions, complemented by educational activities and the distribution of brochures. The results indicated that the majority of respondents demonstrated a good level of knowledge (60%), followed by very good (20%), sufficient (15%), and poor (5%). Topic-specific analysis revealed that knowledge related to antibiotic usage had the lowest understanding level (76.7%), with misconceptions particularly evident in stopping antibiotic consumption when symptoms improve. Educational interventions proved effective in enhancing respondents’ understanding of proper antibiotic use. The study concludes that continuous educational efforts are essential to prevent antibiotic resistance. Further research with a larger sample size and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended to optimize strategies for controlling antibiotic resistance. "
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2024
PR-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Interactions of yeasts, moulds, and antifungal agents : how to detect resistance covers the available antifungal agents, how to perform in vitro testing and how those results should be interpreted for the most common fungal pathogens."
New York: Springer, 2012
e20401556
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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