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"The study of teenagers in the classroom, and how they interact with one another and their teachers, can tell us a great deal about late-modern society. In this revealing account, Ben Rampton presents the extensive sociolinguistic research he carried out in an inner-city high school. Through his vivid analysis of classroom talk, he offers answers to some important questions: does social class still count for young people, or is it in demise? Are traditional authority relationships in schools being undermined? How is this affected by popular media culture? His study, which provides numerous transcripts and three extensive case studies, introduces a way of perceiving established ideas in sociolinguistics, such as identity, insecurity, the orderliness of classroom talk, and the experience of learning at school. In doing so, Rampton shows how work in sociolinguistics can contribute to some major debates in sociology, anthropology, cultural studies and education."

"The language of young people is central in sociolinguistic research, as it is seen to be innovative and a primary source of knowledge about linguistic change and the role of language. This volume brings together a team of leading scholars to explore and compare linguistic practices of young people in multilingual urban spaces, with analyses ranging from grammar to ideology. It includes fascinating examples from cities in Europe, Africa, Canada and the US to demonstrate how young people express their identities through language, for example in hip-hop lyrics and new social media. This is the first book to cover the topic from a globally diverse perspective, and it investigates how linguistic practices across different communities intersect with age, ethnicity, gender and class. In doing so it shows commonalities and differences in how young people experience, act and relate to the contemporary social, cultural and linguistic complexity of the twenty-first century."

"Latar Belakang: Selain usia, prevalensi sindrom metabolik (SM) dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan tempat tinggal. Perubahan pola asupan makan yang dipengaruhi laju urbanisasi dipercaya memicu terjadinya inflamasi usus. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) merupakan petanda baru yang banyak diteliti dalam inflamasi usus serta penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan resistensi insulin (HOMA-IR), sindrom metabolik, dan LCN-2 pada dewasa muda di urban dan rural serta mencari korelasi antara HOMA-IR dan LCN-2. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini dilakukan tahun 2018-2019 pada 475 mahasiswa berusia 18-20 tahun. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi antropometri, glukosa darah puasa, insulin puasa, profil lipid dan kadar LCN2 serum. Setelah menjalani wawancara dan pemeriksaan fisik, sampel darah disimpan pada suhu khusus (-800C). Pemeriksaan sampel dilakukan pada satu waktu (2020) untuk mengurangi bias hasil akibat perbedaan waktu dan penanganan sampel. LCN2 diperiksa dengan menggunakan Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL DuoSet ELISA dari R&D systems.Hasil Penelitian: Prevalensi SM di daerah urban dan rural berturut-turut adalah 2,8% dan 0,85%. Sementara itu prevalensi obesitas sentral total, di urban dan di rural masing-masing sebesar 15,4%; 23,1%; dan 7.3%. Kelompok urban memiliki HOMA-IR lebih tinggi (0,99 vs 0,78; p<0,001) dibandingkan kelompok rural. Nilai LCN2 lebih rendah di daerah urban bila dibandingkan dengan daerah rural (161,80 ng/mL vs 246,6 ng/ml, p<0,001). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara HOMA-IR dengan LCN2 (r:-0,75, p:0,110).Kesimpulan: Prevalensi SM pada dewasa muda lebih tinggi pada daerah urban bila dibandingkan dengan daerah rural. Prevalensi obesitas sentral lebih tinggi di urban dibandingkan dengan rural. Rerata HOMA-IR di daerah urban lebih tinggi dibandingkan rural. Rerata LCN2 lebih tinggi di rural dibandingkan urban. Tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai LCN2 pada kelompok SM dan kelompok tanpa SM. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara HOMA IR dan LCN2.

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Background/Objective: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome not only influenced by age but also residency area. The alteration of dietary pattern due to urbanization presumed to initiate gut inflammation. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is a novel marker for gut inflammation and also cardiovascular disease. This study aim to compare insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), metabolic syndrome, and LCN-2 level in late adolescent in urban and rural area. Methods Cross sectional study was done during 2018 and 2019, which included 475 colleague students (18-20 years old) in urban and rural. We measured anthropometric parameter, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile and LCN2 level. After respondent interview and physical examination, blood sample kept in specific freezer (-800C). The analysis of respondent’s blood sample executed in similar time (2020) to prevent result bias due to the different time of sampling management.

Methods: Cross sectional study was done during 2018 and 2019, which included 475 colleague students (18-20 years old) in urban and rural. We measured anthropometric parameter, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile and LCN2 level. After respondent interview and physical examination, blood sample kept in specific freezer (-800C). The analysis of respondent’s blood sample executed in similar time (2020) to prevent result bias due to the different time of sampling management.

Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in urban dan rural were 2.9% and 0.8%. Meanwhile the prevalence of central obesity in total, urban and rural were 15,4%; 23,1%; and 7.3%. Urban group has higher HOMA-IR value than rural group (0.99 vs 0.78; p<0.001). LCN2 value was lower in urban compared with rural area (161.80 ng/mL vs 246.6 ng/mL, p<0.001). There was no correlation between HOMA-IR and LCN2 (r: -0.075. p: 0.110).

Conclusions: The prevalence of MS in late adolescent higher in urban compare with rural area. Central obesity prevalence was higher in urban area. HOMA-IR were differed significantly in urban compared with rural in total population and male population. LCN2 value was differed significantly between urban and rural. However, LCN2 was not significantly differed between MS and without MS Group. Furthermore LCN2 and HOMA-IR shows no correlation"

"AbstrakObservers of Timorese culture have long maintained a preoccupation with the term Lulik. Its meanings have fluctuated in the past one-and a half centurie with prominent associations including idolatry, the sacred or prohibited, black magic, Timorese animist expression, or the core of Timorese culture.But Timorese have also commonly used the word as an adjective. This paper attempts to trace the origin of the bifurcated usages of the word Lulik through a reading of early missionary efforts to translate Portuguese religious texts into Tetun since the 1870s. In the early European missionaries ethnographic reports, Lulik was identified as the Other of Catholicism, the opponent to be suppressed. It was adopted as the translation of idolatry in missionary Tetun texts. However, it was impossible to maintain the singular pejorative meaning of Lulik, as the Timorese preferred to call Catholic priests nai lulik (Lord Lulik). A Timorese collaborator on Bible translation further took advantage of the missionaries ignorance of Timorese culture and language: Jesus was called Maromak Oan (the ritual ruler in Wehali) and liurai (the indigenous executive authority), while Caiaphas became the head sacerdote (the Portuguese word for priest) and Pontius Pilate was called Em-Boot (the title for a Portuguese governor). The upshot was that an attempt to present Catholicism as a European religion failed in Tetun, and the Passion became a story of an innocent native who was executed by the colonial and religious authorities. The missionaries Europe centric mistranslation of Lulik and the Timorese cosmology, however, strongly influenced the way the academic discourse on Lulik has developed in the following generations"