Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Industri pengolahan minyak bumi merupakan industri yang sangat kompetitif dimana margin produksi yang sangat ketat memaksanya untuk selalu berupaya meminimalkan produksi produk yang bernilai rendah. Petroleum coke atau sering pula disebut sebagai green coke merupakan produk yang dihasilkan oleh unit delayed coker di dalam suatu kompleks pengolahan minyak bumi. Isu lingkungan yang terkait dengan pemanfaatannya menjadikan produk ini memiliki nilai jual yang relatif rendah. Beberapa cara dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai jualnya, salah satunya adalah dengan memanfaatkan proses gasifikasi. Di dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan analisa keekonomian pemanfaatan petroleum coke melalui proses gasifikasi autotermis dan alotermis untuk menghasilkan metanol.Dari hasil studi yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh perbandingan indikator keekonomian dari kedua konfigurasi tersebut yakni untuk autotermis dan alotermis secara berurutan, NPV 239,93 juta US$, 220,59 juta US$; IRR 19,11%, 20,07%; PBP 8,74, 8,21 tahun. Disamping itu, dari hasil analisa sensitifitas diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa nilai keekonomian proyek akan sangat bergantung pada variasi harga jual produk metanol.

---

Petroleum processing industry is a highly competitive industry where margins are very tight production forced him to always seek to minimize the production of low-value products. Petroleum coke or sometimes referred to as green coke is a product produced by a delayed coker unit in petroleum refinery complex. Environmental issues associated with their use has a direct impact on the low economic value of this product. Several ways can be done to increase the economic value, one of which is to utilize the gasification process. In this study, an economic analysis is conducted for the use of petroleum coke autothermic and allothermic gasification process to produce methanol.

From the study, the economic indicator is concluded for the autohtermic and allothermic configuration subsequently, NPV 239.93 million US$, 220.59 million US$, IRR 19.11%, 20.07%, PBP 8.74, 8.21 years. From the sensitivity anlaysis, it is also conluded that both project are sensitive to the price of the methanol."

"Exposure therapy is one of the most robust and most effective standard procedures among the behavioral psychotherapy variants. Initially frequently used as a stand-alone treatment particular for anxiety disorders, it is nowadays typically used in the context of a conceptually wider framework of cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) in a variety of formats and techniques. Over the past two decades and as a result of the increasing emphasis on cognitive factors, however, exposure therapy and its core principles have also become increasingly diffuse. Being usually embedded in complex CBT procedures, and frequently used interchangeably with the term cognitive-behavior therapy, principles and unique procedures of exposure therapy appear to be more and more confuse, particularly when conceptually important boundaries between cognitive, affective, and behavioral components in the process of intervention have become blurred. We feel that this development is threatening to the integrity of exposure therapy as a scientifically based, highly effective psychological treatment approach. Also see the risk that the apparent lack of attention devoted to exposure therapy and its foundations might result in a deterioration of the effectiveness of behavioral psychotherapies."