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"This paper examines the ways in which God the Creator, the High God, is described in Toba Batak folk-tales. The sources for this investigation are stories recorded in pre-colonial (around 1850), colonial and post-colonial times (up to 2014). In different stories the High God can appear under various names, forms and gender, and resides in various places never inhabited by humans. Unlike a Deus otiosus, the Toba Batak High God is not "inactive" after creation,but continues to be involved in the life of mankind through local or supra-local manifestations. Although he rules the realm of death, he is nevertheless regarded as the source of life, fertility, health and prosperity. There are also stories about manifestations of God in which he shares the experience of suffering with human beings. The main Toba Batak community rituals in pre-colonial times were addressed to a manifestation of the High God."

"Traditional calendar of Batak, ethnic group of North Sumatra"

"Traditional calendar of Batak, ethnic group of North Sumatra"

"Ethnic identity, social life, and religion of Batak people in Indonesia."

"Upacara hak-hakan sebenarnya merupakan istilah lokal untuk menyebut tradisi yang mereka banggakan yaitu hak-hakan. hak-hakan merupakan tradisi yang langka dan hanya ada satu wilayah di Kabupaten Wonosobo, bahkan di Privinsi Jawa Tengah...."

"Sembahyang Cengbeng merupakan tradisi sembahyang ke kuburan leluhur karena telah dilakukan oleh masyarakat Tiongkok sejak dinasti Jin (265-420). Tradisi ini dilakukan pada bulan dua dan bulan tujuh penanggalan bulan （阴历）, masyarakat Tionghoa akan pergi ke kuburan leluhur atau orang tua untuk membersihkan dan sembahyang kepada leluhur. Tradisi ini masih terus dilakukan karena adanya pengaruh ajaran Konfusius, yaitu ajaran bakti 孝dan keluarga 家. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna bakti dan kekeluargaan yang terdapat pada sembahyang Cengbeng di Singkawang. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara. Setelah pengumpulan data, hasil dari penelitian ini akan dianalisis dengan teori.

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Cengbeng prayer is a tradition of praying to the ancestral graves because it has been carried out by Chinese people since the Jin dynasty (265-420). This tradition is carried out in the second and seventh months of the lunar calendar（阴历）, Chinese people will go to the graves of their ancestors or parents to clean and pray to their ancestors. This tradition is still carried out because of the influence of Confucius teachings, namely the teachings of filial piety 孝 and kinship 家. This study aims to determine the meaning of devotion and kinship contained in the Cengbeng prayer tradition in Singkawang. The method used to conduct this research is a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews. After collecting the data, the results of this study will be analyzed by theory."