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"Skripsi ini membahas terkait energi terbarukan yang akan menggantikan salah satu energi yang dibutuhkan masyarakat, yaitu Liquiefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Energi terbarukan yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini adalah Dimethyl Ether (DME). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa studi numerik melalui software Ansys yang dapat menganalisa suatu fluida, dalam hal ini api yang dihasilkan dari Dimethyl Ether (DME). Terdapat beberapa variabel yang diteliti pada skripsi ini, yaitu temperature pada inlet fuel dan wall nozzle, kecepatan inlet fuel, dan ukuran nozzle yang digunakan pada area api. Hasil penilitian ini menghasilkan karakteristik api Dimethyl Ether (DME) yang baik sehingga dapat diaplikasikan dalam penggunaan Dimethyl Ether (DME) nantinya untuk keperluan masyarakat ataupun industri.

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This thesis discusses about renewable energy which will replace one of the energy needed by the community, namely Liquiefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). The renewable energy discussed in this thesis is Dimethyl Ether (DME). This research uses a numerical study analysis through Ansys software which can analyze a fluid, in this case a fire produced from Dimethyl Ether (DME). There are several variables studied in this thesis, namely the temperature at the fuel inlet and nozzle wall, the fuel inlet velocity, and the size of the nozzle used in the fire area. The results of this research produce good fire characteristics of Dimethyl Ether (DME) so that it can be applied in the use of Dimethyl Ether (DME) later for community or industrial purposes."

"Sel surya berbasis lapisan tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) dianggap sebagai material alternatif yang menjanjikan dikarenakan mengandung bahan yang ketersediaannya berlimpah di bumi. Untuk mewujudkan sel surya dengan biaya yang terjangkau, metode SILAR dipilih karena kesederhanaannya untuk proses pembuatan lapisan tipis CZTS. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan waktu pencelupan anionik terhadap sifat optis lapisan tipis CZTS berupa nilai energi celah. Dengan hanya menggunakan siklus sebanyak 30, digunakan variabel waktu pencelupan anionik yang lebih lama yaitu 30, 40, 50, dan 60 detik pada sampel yang mengalami dua perlakuan anil, yaitu anil tanpa sulfur dan anil dengan suasana sulfur. Pada sampel anil tanpa sulfur didapatkan nilai energi celah menurun hingga pencelupan 40 detik, setelah itu meningkat, dan menurun kembali saat pencelupan 60 detik. Sedangkan pada sampel anil dengan sulfur nilai energic celah menurun hingga pencelupan 50 detik kemudian meningkat saat pencelupan 60 detik. Dengan meningkatnya waktu pencelupan anionik maka nilai energi celah yang diperoleh akan semakin rendah dengan tingkat kristalinitas yang semakin baik.

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Thin-film solar cells Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is considered as a promising alternative material due to the availability in the earth crust. To realize solar cells with reasonable costs, SILAR method is chosen because of its simplicity for CZTS thin film manufacturing process.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of anionic immersion time changes to the band gap energy of CZTS. Using 30 immersion cycles, anionic immersion time is varied for 30, 40, 50, and 60 seconds. Annealing treatment was done in non-sulfur and sulfur atmosphere.

Non-sulfur annealed sample show a deacreasing band gap energy as increasing anionic immersion time, but increasing after 40 seconds and decreasing again on 60 seconds. In the other hand, sulfur annealed sample show deacreasing band gap energy to 50 seconds but increasing again on 60 seconds. Increasing of immersion time results the decreasing of the band gap energy followed by the increasing of the crystallinity."

"ABSTRACTA crucial aspect of many biological processes at molecular level is the transfer and storagemechanism of bioenergy released in the reaction of the hydrolysis of Adenosinetriphosphate(ATP) by biomacromolecule especially protein. Model of Soliton Davydov is a new breakthroughthat could describe that mechanism. There are two model proposed by Davydovnamely that based on: simplified ansatz 2 D and more complicated ansatz 1 D . Here wehave reformulated quantum mechanical the Davydov theory, using least action principle.Temperature effect has been inserted using standard method of statistical mechanics for 1 Dand using Langevin equation for 2 D . Dynamical aspect of the model is analyzed bynumerical calculation. We found two dynamical cases: the traveling and pinning soliton thatare related to the energi transfer and storage mechanism in the protein. Traveling and pinningsoliton can be controlled by strength of coupling parameter and the appropriate initialcondition. In 3- channel (chain) approximation, we found the breather phenomena in whichits frequency is determined by interchain coupling parameter. The 1 D and 2 D modelshave the same dynamical characteristics at zero temperature, but at finite temperature 1 Dmore reliable than 2 D ."

"ABSTRAKKrisis energi merupakan salah satu permasalahan serius yang dihadapi saat ini. Sumber energy dari bahan bakar fosil semakin menipis sementara pertumbuhan akan kebutuhan energi sendiri semakihn meningkat. Hal ini berkorelasi langsung dengan masalah lingkungan seperti pemanasan global. Hidrogen merupakan salah satu harapan untuk energi masa depan, namun hal itu masih terkendala dalam proses distribusi dan penyimpanannya. Salah satu cara mengatasi kendala tersebut adalah dengan sistem adsorpsi menggunakan CarbonNanotubes. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) merupakan media penyimpan hidrogen yang baik karena memiliki luas permukaan dan volume pori yang besar. Bagaimana meningkatkan kinerja CNT masih sangat menarik untuk diteliti. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi CNT dalam melakukan adsorpsi hidrogen, salah satunya adalah chirality dari CNT. Namun penelitian secara eksperimental banyak terkendala dalam hal biaya, maka perlu didukung metoda lain untuk menunjangnya seperti Simulasi Dinamika Molekular.Tulisan ini membahas mengenai pengaruh dari chirality CNT terhadap kemampuan dalam adsorpsi hidrogen yang dilakukan dengan simulasi dinamika molekular.

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ABSTRACTEnergy crisis is one of the serious problem in the last decade. Energysources from fossil fuels are running low while need of energy is extremely increase. This directly correlates with environment issues such as global warming. Hydrogen is one of hope for energy future, but its have some problems with distribution and storage process. One of many solution on adsorption system is using carbon nano tubes. Carbon Nano tubes is a good hydrogen storage media because it has large surface area and pore volume. How to improve the performance of CNT in adsorption is a interesting study. There are some factorthat affect hydrogen adsorption in CNT, one of them is chirality of CNT. However, many experimental studies have some problem in high cost, so it is necessary other methods to solve this problem such as molecular dynamic simulation. This paper discusses about effect of CNT chirality in hydrogen adsorption by molecular dynamic simulation"

"A new, more assertive and confident Russia is emerging from the ashes of the old Soviet Union. Given its huge oil and gas reserves, energy policy could well be instrumental in the future of Russia's foreign policy. Under a strong leadership of President Vladimir Putin, the new Russia is gaining in influence through a series of strategic moves revolving around in geopolitical assets in energy. Developments Flaming of the Russian [gas and oil] pipelines, laid down in t.he Energy Strategy 2003, are all but indicative of how the Plan served both economic and strategic considerations. Westward, the Plan may widen the wedge between the old and new member of NATO and/ or the European Union. Eastward, the Russian may succeed to grasp the olive branch of japan and the Friendship of China. As an equal partner of the West and a nearly-dominant peer of the East, Russia managed well a balance- exchangeable-relation to shift preference from one to the other and, more importantly, to drive squabble inside the crowds. A Eurasian order is about to emerge, with the Russian Federation at the centre~stage."

"The increasing demands on energy supply especially for natural gas and oil in the European Unions has made the bargaining power of Russia and Turkey stronger. Just before the raising oil prices, these country played a small part in the "giant" EU political-economic game. However, things turn to be interesting when Russia turns to act as the game - director using its superiority as the major supplier of EU energy. As well as Russia, Turkey's geopolitical advantage as the new East-West energy corridor, bridging the east energy producer and the west consumer, will become a key player actor for EU energy security supply. This paper will examine the European Union Energy Challenges and its dilemma in securing their energy supply."

"Penetapan Kalimantan Timur sebagai Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) baru berdampak perlipatan kebutuhan energi. Diusulkan prinsip dasar pemenuhan kebutuhan energi serta konsumsi energi: (i) Menjadikan pembangunan IKN momentum mengembangkan sistem penyediaan energi Kalimantan secara luas, (ii) Mengandalkan pemenuhan kebutuhan energi dari sumber-sumber lokal, (iii) Mengutamakan sumber-sumber energi Kalimantan untuk Kalimantan terlebih dahulu, (iv) Mengutamakan penggunaan energi bersih dan terbarukan, (v) Mengembangkan/ memperkokoh interkoneksi infratruktur energi se-Kalimantan, serta (vi) Menggunakan energi secara efisien. Diusulkan proyek strategis energi: (i) Pembangunan jaringan transmisi gas bumi dari lokasi ketersediaan gas bumi (atau LNG) di Kalimantan Timur ke IKN, (ii) Penguatan jaringan transmisi interkoneksi kelistrikan seKalimantan, (iii) Pembangunan PLTA skala besar memanfaatkan potensi sungai-sungai besar di Kalimantan, (iv) Pembangunan installasi dan penggunaan energi bersih, dan (v) Pembangunan sistem transportasi hemat energi dan ramah lingkungan."

"Hasil pertemuan COP 26 (Conference of the Parties 26^th) Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa berkomitmen untuk menekan laju percepatan perubahan iklim akibat emisi karbon dengan menggantikan energi berbahan baku fosil menjadi energi baru terbarukan (EBT). Indonesia menargetkan pada tahun 2060 phase out batu-bara diganti EBT pada tahun 2056. Sebagai negara tropis yang dialiri banyak sungai dan terdapat banyak danau, Indonesia memiliki potensi energi air sebesar 75.000 MW. Dibeberapa daerah terpencil keperluan daya listrik yang digunakan skala piko (< 5kW). Turbin vortek dipilih karena cocok untuk aliran sungai dengan tinggi jatuh air rendah, biaya pemeliharaan dan konstruksi murah, serta ramah untuk ekosistem dalam air. Studi ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan kinerja vortek terhadap perbedaan bentuk sudu skala piko. Studi ini dilakukan dengan variasi bentuk sudu lurus, miring, dan melengkung. Berdasarkan seluruh hasil studi turbin vortek dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk sudu terbaik yang diperoleh secara analitik, numerikal dan eksperimenal adalah sudu miring dengan effisiensi hidrolik sebesar 68% untuk analitikal, 36%, untuk numerical, dan 29% untuk eksperimenal. Perbedaan efisiensi antara perhitungan analitikal, numerikal dan eksperimenal terjadi karena adanya beberapa kerugian-kerugian yang tidak dapat dihitung dalam perhitungan metode eksperimenal.

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The results of the COP 26 (Conference of the Parties 26th) meeting of the United Nations Framework Convention are committed to reducing the rate of acceleration of climate change due to carbon emissions by replacing energy made from fossil fuels into new and renewable energy (EBT). Indonesia targets that in 2060 the coal phase out will be replaced by renewable energy in 2056. As a tropical country with many rivers and many lakes, Indonesia has a water energy potential of 75,000 MW. In some remote areas, the need for electrical power is pico scale (< 5kW). The vortex turbine was chosen because it is suitable for river flow with low water fall, relatively low maintenance and construction costs, and friendly to the aquatic ecosystem. This study aims to compare the performance of the vortex to the differences in the shape of the pico scale blade. This study was carried out with variations in the shape of the straight, tilted, and curved blades. Based on all the results of the vortex turbine study, it can be concluded that the best blade shape obtained analytically, numerically and experimentally is an inclined blade with a hydraulic efficiency of 68% for analytical, 36%, for numerical, and 29% for experimental. The difference in efficiency between analytical, numerical and experimental calculations occurs because of some losses that cannot be calculated in the calculation of the experimental method."