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"Retaining the signature clarity and depth that made it an instant classic, this new fourth edition of The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization examines both the institutional and substantive law of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Fully updated to incorporate all new developments in the WTO's body of case law, this market-leading text offers readers a clear introduction to the basic principles of the multilateral trading system and a detailed examination of the law of the WTO. With integrated questions and assignments which allow readers to easily assess and reinforce their understanding and develop their analytical skills, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization is essential reading for all WTO law students and practitioners. Suitable for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, this classic text is also the ideal resource for practitioners, diplomats and policymakers looking for an introduction to the law of the WTO. "

"Berbagai mekanisme perlindungan global safeguards dalam WTO Agreement dan Free Trade Agreement (FTA) seperti pada Bilateral Trade Agreements (BTA) dan Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) didasarkan pada alasan-alasan yang berbeda, fungsi yang berbeda, juga memiliki mekanisme safeguards yang berbeda. Fungsi utama global safeguards sebagai instrumen sementara untuk melindungi industri dalam negeri dari kerugian serius dan atau ancaman kerugian serius disebabkan adanya lonjakan impor, sebagai akibat disepakatinya tingkat tarif liberalisasi perdagangan diantara Negara-negara Anggota WTO. Sehingga Negara-negara anggota WTO dapat menikmati fleksibilitas kebijakan tingkat tarif tertentu atas liberalisasi perdagangan. Pembebasan penerapan global safeguards antar pihak FTA tidak konsisten dengan WTO Agreement khususnya tidak sejalan dengan prinsip non-diskriminasi (Most-Favoured-Nation). Namun, pada prakteknya dibenarkan asalkan kondisi paralelisme terpenuhi. Pihak FTA juga dapat mengambil perlindungan bilateral safeguards dan regional safeguards terhadap pihak lain asalkan tingkat pembatasan tarif tidak membahayakan persyaratan yang terkait dengan menghilangkan hambatan sehubungan dengan substansial semua perdagangan. Mekanisme Bilateral safeguards dan regional safeguards di bawah FTA dirancang menyesuaikan laju liberalisasi lebih lanjut setelah pihak FTA melaksanakan rencana penghapusan tarif sebagaimana kesepakatan dalam BTA dan RTA. Karena fungsi mendasar ini, persyaratan substansial semua perdagangan berdasarkan ketentuan FTA dalam Pasal XXIV GATT 1994 merupakan satu-satunya ketentuan yang relevan terkait ketentuan bilateral safeguards dan regional safeguards. Diterapkan di FTA selama periode penghapusan tarif dan dalam batas tingkat tarif MFN, yang konsisten dengan aturan WTO. Pemberlakuan ketentuan global safeguards, bilateral safeguards, dan regional safeguards memiliki mekanisme persyaratan substantif dan prosedural dalam penerapannya. Mengingat kemungkinan banyak bentuk penerapan safeguards yang tumpang tindih, negosiator FTA dapat mengambil solusi legislatif yang efektif yang memasukkan ketentuan FTA yang secara eksplisit melarang bentuk-bentuk tertentu jika terjadi penerapan tumpang tindih yang tidak diinginkan. Tesis ini mengungkapkan bagaimana penerapan global safeguards dibandingkan dengan bilateral safeguards dan regional safeguards tersebut, juga akan memberikan preskripsi tentang hal-hal yang harus dilakukan dalam menerapkan ketentuan bilateral safeguards dan regional safeguards antar negara-negara anggota BTA dan RTA yang juga merupakan Negara-negara anggota WTO yang menerapkan ketentuan global safeguards.

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Various mechanisms of global safeguards in the WTO Agreements and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) such as the Bilateral Trade Agreements (BTA) and Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) is based on different reasons, different functions, also has a different mechanism of safeguards. The main function of global safeguards as a temporary instrument to protect domestic industry from serious injury or threat of serious injury caused by a surge in imports, as a result of the agreement on the level of tariff liberalization of trade between Member States of the WTO. So WTO member countries enjoy a certain level of policy flexibility tariff on trade liberalization. The mutual exemption of the global safeguards application among FTA parties is not inconsistent with the WTO Agreement in particular are not in line with the principle of non-discrimination (Most-Favored-Nation), provided that the parallelism condition is met. An FTA party may also take safeguards against another party as long as the restriction level from those safeguards does not harm the requirement associated with eliminating barriers with respect to substantially all trade. Bilateral and regional safeguards under the FTA are designed to be mechanism for adjusting the pace of further liberalization once FTA parties implement the tariff elimination plan as an agreement in BTA and RTA. Because of this fundamental function, the substantially all trade requirement under FTA provisions in the Article XXIV of GATT 1994 represent was the only relevant provisions of the relevant provisions under which bilateral and regional safeguards measures are disciplined. Any bilateral safeguards, which are applied to sector subject to FTA tariff elimination during the tariff elimination period and within the limits of the MFN tariff rate, which is consistent with WTO Agreement. Enforcement of global safeguards provisions, bilateral safeguards, and regional safeguards have substantive and procedural requirements mechanism in its application. Given the many possibilities for the application of safeguards, which forms overlap, FTA negotiators can take effective legislative solutions that incorporate the provisions of the FTA, which explicitly prohibits certain forms in case of adoption of unwanted overlap.

This thesis reveals how the global application of safeguards in comparison with bilateral and regional safeguards such safeguards, will also provide prescriptions about things to do in implementing the provisions of bilateral and regional safeguards between countries BTA and RTA member who is also the Member States WTO provisions which apply global safeguards."

"Dewasa ini, fasilitasi perdagangan merupakan elemen penting dalam proses ekspor-impor suatu negara. Fasilitasi perdagangan pertama kali dibahas dalam Singapore Ministerial Conference tahun 1996 dan kemudian dikategorikan sebagai salah satu Singapore Issues. Akan tetapi, negosiasi terhadap fasilitasi perdagangan antara negara-negara WTO sempat mengalami deadlock dan menghabiskan waktu yang cukup lama. Hingga akhirnya pada 22 Februari 2017, Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan mulai diberlakukan bagi negara-negara anggota WTO. Dimulainya penerapan single window system di Indonesia, atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai Indonesia National Single Window INSW pada tahun 2008 menandai bahwa Indonesia menjalankan komitmen dalam negosiasi fasilitasi perdagangan WTO. Hal yang menarik adalah dalam hal ini Indonesia sudah mulai menerapkan kebijakan single window system sebelum kesepakatan terhadap Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan dicapai. Penerapan sistem ini dinilai penting oleh Indonesia demi menunjang proses ekspor-impor yang lebih efektif dan efisien, sebab seringkali proses tersebut memakan banyak waktu dan biaya yang cukup besar. Namun demikian, sebagai negara berkembang Indonesia membutuhkan dukungan baik secara kebijakan maupun pendanaan untuk dapat membangun sistem ini. Tulisan ini kemudian melihat bagaimana keterlibatan atau pengaruh WTO dan Bank Dunia dalam pengembangan sistem INSW. Dalam hal ini, pengaruh WTO lebih ditekankan pada penetapan aturan perdagangan yang berkaitan dengan fasilitasi perdagangan. Kemudian, keterlibatan Bank Dunia adalah dari sisi pendanaan dan pengawasan melalui program Development Policy Loan DPL yang mendukung policy reform, khususnya dalam kebijakan pengembangan sistem INSW. Cognitive authority yang dibangun oleh keduanya menunjukkan terdapat strong institutional belief untuk mewujudkan terciptanya perekonomian negara-negara di dunia yang lebih terbuka.

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Nowadays, trade facilitation is a prominent element in a country rsquo s export import process. Trade facilitation was first discussed at the Singapore Ministerial Conference in 1996 and subsequently categorized as one the ldquo Singapore Issues. However, the negotiations on trade facilitation had been deadlocked and took considerable time to reach the conclusion. On February 22, 2017, the Trade Facilitation Agreement was finally applied to all of the WTO member countries. The commencement of the implementation of single window system in Indonesia, or Indonesia National Single Window INSW in 2008, indicates that Indonesia is committed to WTO trade facilitation negotiations. Indonesia has implemented this system even long before the Trade Facilitation Agreement is reached, which is considered unique as Indonesia is categorized as a developing country. Implementation of this system is considered crucial for Indonesia in order to promote the efficiency and effectivity of trade process, because sometimes this process takes a lot of time and costly indeed. Nevertheless, as a developing country Indonesia needs both policy support and funding to build this system. This paper explains the involvement of WTO and The World Bank in developing INSW system. In this case, the involvement of WTO is more emphasized on setting trade rules, especially relating to trade facilitation. The World Banks involvement is more on funding and monitoring through Development Policy Loan DPL program that promotes policy reform, particularly in the development of INSW system. Their cognitive authority shows there is strong institutional belief to stimulate more liberalized world."

"Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan adalah perjanjian WTO yang berisi ketentuan tentang penyederhanaan prosedur bea cukai, yang dibuat untuk meningkatkan aliran perdagangan internasional. Indonesia adalah salah satu dari banyak anggota WTO yang meratifikasi Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan. Tesis ini membahas implikasi hukum ratifikasi Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan WTO dengan Indonesia. Secara khusus, tesis ini membahas alasan ratifikasi Indonesia dari Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan bersama dengan implikasi hukum ratifikasi. Tesis ini disusun dengan menggunakan Metode yuridis normatif, yang dilakukan dengan menggambarkan ketentuan tercantum dalam Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan dan membandingkannya dengan ketentuan yang berkaitan dengan fasilitasi perdagangan dalam beberapa undang-undang dan peraturan di Indonesia. Tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar ketentuan fasilitasi perdagangan dalam undang-undang tersebut dan peraturan di Indonesia sesuai dengan Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan, tetapi pada ketentuan fasilitasi perdagangan yang belum mengikuti Fasilitasi Perdagangan Kesepakatan, beberapa penyesuaian harus dilakukan. Tesis ini menyarankan Indonesia untuk melakukannya penyesuaian sehubungan dengan ketentuan fasilitasi perdagangan yang belum mengikuti Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan, karena dengan meratifikasi Fasilitasi Perdagangan

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Trade Facilitation Agreement is a WTO agreement that contains provisions on simplifying customs procedures, which are made to increase the flow of international trade. Indonesia is one of the many WTO members to ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement. This thesis discusses the legal implications of ratification WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement with Indonesia. Specifically, this thesis discusses the reasons for Indonesias ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement along with the legal implications of ratification. This thesis was prepared using a normative juridical method, which is done by describing the provisions contained in the Trade Facilitation Agreement and comparing it withProvisions relating to trade facilitation in several laws and regulations in Indonesia. This thesis concludes that most of the trade facilitation provisions in the law and regulations in Indonesia are in accordance with the Trade Facilitation Agreement, but on trade facilitation provisions that have not yet followed the Trade Facilitation Agreement, some adjustments must be made. This thesis recommends that Indonesia make adjustments with respect to trade facilitation provisions that have not yet followed the Trade Facilitation Agreement, because by ratifying Trade Facilitation"