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"The monetary analysis in this annual report explain the causes of inflation which is encumbering Indonesia's economy. There is no denying that the Government was the largest source of the increased volume of money in circulation in 1958. This book includes in year 1958-1959, international developments, monetary developments, public finance, banking and credit, foreign transactions and arrangements, production, prices and social development, activities of the bank, and management of the bank."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap profitabilitas bank. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) dengan data tahunan selama 10 tahun yaitu pada periode 2011-2020. Pada penelitian ini inklusi keuangan menggunakan dua indikator yaitu jumlah rekening pinjaman per 1000 orang dewasa dan jumlah kredit UMKM. Sementara untuk profitabilitas bank menggunakan indikator Return on Asset (ROA) dan Return on Equity (ROE). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa jumlah rekening pinjaman dan jumlah kredit UMKM signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap ROE. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa inklusi keuangan dengan indikator rekening pinjaman dan kredit UMKM memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas bank di Indonesia.

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This study aims to determine the effect of financial inclusion on bank profitability. This study uses the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method with annual data for 10 years, that’s in the 2011-2020 period. In this study, financial inclusion uses two indicators, namely the number of loan accounts per 1000 adults and the number of MSME loans. Meanwhile, for bank profitability, the indicators of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) are used. This study found that the financial inclusion with indicators of MSME loans and credit accounts has a negative effect on bank profitability in Indonesia."

"This book gives insight on the dynamics and route of economic policies that have been taken and implemented since the point of institutional reforms in 1998 that is triggered from the context of financial crisis in 1997/​1998. The condition that brought different paradigm on the landscape of economic and development policies, especially on the case of monetary and financial structure, international trade sector, manufacturing sector, taxes administration policy, and the evolved context of decentralization and development of public sector policies in general.Given state of current economic development, this book offers suggestions to address economic issues that require improvements. This book is unique as: 1) it is about Indonesia, a country that mostly affected by 1997/​1998 financial crisis, which also lead to a change in regime, 2) It cover a broad range of thematic topics on sectors development and institutional changes from major policies that have been taken, 3) It posted both existing and future challenges on monetary and financial sectors, trade, manufacturing and competitiveness, as well as on development of decentralization policies"

"Kebijakan moneter dalam suatu negara adalah kunci untuk menggapai tujuan perekonomian dalam skala makro. Bank Sentral yang telah diberikan amanah oleh pemerintah sebagai pengelola kebijakan moneter selalu berupaya mengendalikan jumlah uang beredar dengan menjaga nilai uang agar tetap stabil dari berbagai factor baik internal maupun eksternal. Di sisi yang lain, Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang menerapkan dual monetary system, dimana kebijakan moneter dengan instrumen konvensional dan syariah berjalan berdampingan. Hal tersebut tentunya akan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap kondisi di sektor riil maupun sektor moneter dalam perekonomian. Oleh karena itu, otoritas moneter menyusun berbagai penerapan kebijakan moneter ganda untuk mengatasi isu utama perekonomian nasional, yaitu tingkat inflasi dan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas dan pengaruh dari mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter konvensional yang tercermin dari suku bunga Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (SBI), total kredit bank konvensional (LOAN), dan rata-rata yield Surat Utang Negara (SUN) serta transmisi kebijakan moneter syariah yang tercermin dari bagi hasil Sertifikat Bank Indonesia Syariah (SBIS), total pembiayaan bank syariah (FINC), dan rata-rata yield Surat Berharga Syariah Negara (SBSN), terhadap tingkat inflasi dan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia pada Januari 2013 sampai Desember 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis VAR/VECM dengan data sekunder jenis time series. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang, variabel LOAN dan FINC memiliki pengaruh yang negative sedangkan dalam jangka pendek variabel SBSN memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Adapun untuk inflasi, dalam jangka panjang variabel SBIS dan FINC memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap tingkat inflasi, sedangkan variabel SBSN memiliki pengaruh yang negative. Pada analisis efektivitas yang diukur dengan pengujian Impulse Response Function (IRF) dan Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) menunjukkan hasil bahwa kebijakan moneter syariah memiliki kontribusi yang lebih besar terhadap pengendalian tingkat inflasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi dibandingkan kebijakan moneter konvensional.

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Monetary policy in a country is the key to achieve economic goals on a macro scale. The Central Bank, which has been given the mandate by the government as the manager of monetary policy, always tries to control the money supply by keeping the value of money stable from various factors, both internal and external. On the other hand, Indonesia is one of the countries that implements a dual monetary system, where monetary policy with conventional and sharia instruments goes side by side. This of course will have a different effect on conditions in the real sector and the monetary sector in the economy. Because of this, the monetary authorities prepared various implementations of dual monetary policies to address the main issues of the national economy, namely the rate of inflation and the rate of economic growth. This study aims to examine the effectiveness and influence of the conventional monetary policy transmission mechanism as reflected in interest rates on Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI), total conventional bank loans (LOAN), and the average yield of Government Bonds (SUN) and sharia monetary policy transmission. which is reflected in the profit sharing of Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificates (SBIS), total Islamic bank financing (FINC), and the average yield of State Sharia Securities (SBSN), toward inflation rate and economic growth rate in Indonesia from January 2013 to December 2019. This study used the VAR/VECM analysis method with secondary data of the time series type. The results of this study indicate that for long-term economic growth, the LOAN and FINC variables have a negative effect, while in the short term, SBSN variables have a positive effect on economic growth. As for inflation, in the long-term the SBIS and FINC variables have a positive effect on the inflation rate, while the SBSN variable has a negative influence. In the effectiveness analysis as measured by the Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) tests, the results show that Islamic monetary policy has a greater contribution to controlling inflation rates and economic growth than conventional monetary policy."

"Bank di Indonesia telah menginisiasi kebijakan pembiayaan berkelanjutan sejak tahun 2016 yang diinisiasi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan di Indonesia. Salah satu fokus utama dari penerapan kebijakan itu pada Bank di Indonesia adalah pada industri kelapa sawit. Kebijakan keuangan berkelanjutan di Indonesia membuat Bank harus lebih memperhatikan risiko lingkungan dalam kegiatan pembiayaan. Penerbitan Laporan Keberlanjutan dan Rencana Aksi Keuangan Berkelanjutan tiap tahun juga menjadi kewajiban baru bagi Bank di Indonesia di bawah kebijakan ini. Fokus riset ini adalah untuk menganalisa kebijakan pembiayaan berkelanjutan pada industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan skema pembiayaan berkelanjutan bagi industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode campuran dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa skema terkait keberlanjutan dapat diterapkan sebagai skema pembiayaan berkelanjutan bagi Industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah target keberlanjutan yang harus diterapkan pada skema terkait keberlanjutan meliputi aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan.

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Banks in Indonesia have initiated sustainable financing policies since 2016 which were initiated by the Financial Services Authority in Indonesia. One of the main focuses of implementing this policy at Banks in Indonesia is the palm oil industry. Sustainable finance policies in Indonesia require Banks to pay more attention to environmental risks in financing activities. The annual issuance of a Sustainability Report and Action Plan for Sustainable Finance is also a new obligation for Banks in Indonesia under this policy. The focus of this research is to analyze sustainable financing policies in the palm oil industry in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to produce a sustainable financing scheme for the palm oil industry in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with mixed methods in data collection. The results of this study indicate that the sustainable linked loan can be applied as a sustainable financing scheme for the palm oil industry in Indonesia. The conclusion of this research is that sustainability targets must be applied to sustainabile linked loan covering economic, social, and environmental aspects."