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"ABSTRACTAudio description is to describe for people with visual impairments what they can't perceive if they don't see it. AD covers almost all fields of the society, e.g. film, theatre, opera, ballet, circus, football, exhibitions, museums, architecture, gardens and conferences. In Sweden, television offers some audio described programmes, and the Swedish Film institute supports to some extent audio description of movies. A lot more needs to be done. Since 2011, some 70 Swedish audio descriptors have been trained at Fellingsbro folkhögskola in Örebro, for instance in how to audiodescribe films of different genres. In connection with a conference on Accessible cinema in 2015, the jury of a contest gave their criteria for how to evaluate the different ways of audio describing a scene from a film. Their criteria were: content and relevance (balance between "the whole" picture and which details that have to be described and which ones can you skip), tempo (incl timing) and empathy. Explain, for instance, unexpected sounds where they appear, adjust your voice and empathy to the atmosphere of the film. There should be even more criteria - like the technical sound quality, and that the audio description is in a good language and that the speaker (not always the audio descriptor) has a good voice. The writer of this article is herself a trained audio descriptor and she is also teaching her students some audio description when she is a Swedish teacher in Poland and Japan. Research on audio description is more and more established, internationally and in Sweden. The Swedish AD research at Lund university is focused on cognitive science and carried out in close contact with people with visual impairment and their organisations, The Institute for Interpreting and Translation Studies, and professional audio descriptors."

"Dewasa ini kekerasan terhadap perempuan  baik itu secara verbal maupun non-verbal semakin marak dikarenakan adanya diskriminasi dan stereotype yang disematkan lingkungan kepada perempuan. Banyak karya sastra termasuk novel Jawa mengonfigurasikan isu-isu ketidakadilan dan kekerasan berbasis gender. Novel kumpulan roman dari Suparto Brata berjudul Ser! Randha Cocak menggambarkan tentang perjuangan kehidupan perempuan di tengah ranah publik dan stigma janda. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana strategi tindakan tokoh perempuan dalam menghadapi lingkungan yang mendiskriminasi mereka? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguraikan strategi perempuan Jawa dalam menyelesaikan masalah diskriminasi dan stigma digambarkan oleh Suparto Brata melalui ketiga tokoh perempuan utama dalam Novel Ser! Randha Cocak. Landasan konseptual yang digunakan adalah konsep hidup nrima dan prinsip rukun hormat Jawa, dengan pendekatan kritik sastra feminis. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif analisis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Showing dan Telling. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan keberhasilan ketiga tokoh perempuan utama dalam memperjuangkan kesetaraan gender, yakni berhasil mengubah habitus lingkungan tentang ekpektasi-ekspresi terhadap perempuan dengan tindakannya. Perjuangan ketiga tokoh perempuan tersebut melahirkan keterbukaan atau pelepasan ekspektasi masyarakat terhadap perempuan sehingga perempuan mendapatkan peran serta kedudukan yang sama dengan laki-laki, dalam rangka memajukan kehidupan diri serta berperan dalam masyarakat.

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In recent years, The number of Abuse of Women is reaching a new high caused by discrimination and negative stereotyping toward women. There are numerous literature, Javanese novels included, configured issues of injustice and gender-based abuse. An Anthology by Suparto Brata titled "Ser! Randha Cocak" tells a story of struggles and stigmatization of being a widow in the public eye. The main problem formulation of this study is "how the female protagonist strategized her action againts hostile environments she lived in?". Conceptual foundation of this study is the concept of "acceptance" and "Javanese harmony", with feminist literature critical approach. this study utilized  Qualitative Descriptive analytical method. Data for this research is collected with "Showing & telling" technique. This study concludes that the three female protagonists succeed in their struggle promoting gender equality, by changing environment's habitus about expression-expectation on women and their actions. The protagonists finally realized openness or the release of society's expectation on women, allowing them to gain equal status to men in advancing both the lives of society and their own lives."