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"ABSTRAKKorosi merupakan suatu proses degradasi material akibat interaksi denganlingkungannya. Inhibitor korosi merupakan suatu zat yang dapat menghambatproses korosi. Bahan organik dipilih sebagai alternatif karena bersifat aman,mudah didapatkan, bersifat biodegradable, biaya murah, dan ramah lingkungan.Penelitian ini merupakan studi tentang inhibitor korosi menggunakan senyawaorganik yang dilakukan pada material baja API 5L di lingkungan larutan NaCl3,5%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari efek penggunaan campuranekstrak daun sirsak dan ubi ungu sebagai inhibitor korosi dengan variasikonsentrasi. Ekstrak daun sirsak dan ubi ungu dipilih sebagai inhibitor korosikarena mengandung senyawa antioksidan yang dapat menghambat laju korosi.Pengukuran laju korosi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kehilangan beratdan polarisasi. Mekanisme terjadinya korosi diuji dengan menggunakanElectrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) sementara karakterisasi darimaterial inhibitor organik dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode FourierTransform Infra-Red (FTIR). Tipe ikatan kimia yang terbentuk di lapisanpermukaan baja dianalisa dengan metode FTIR yang mengindikasikan adanyagugus fungsi karbonil (C=O) dan hidroksil (O-H) yang berkombinasi membentuksuatu lapisan. Di dalam larutan 100 mL NaCl 3,5%, penambahan ekstrak daunsirsak sebanyak 1 mL menghasilkan efisiensi inhibitor sekitar 73,38% (melaluipengujian polarisasi) dan di dalam larutan 520 mL NaCl 3,5%, penambahanekstrak daun sirsak sebanyak 1 mL menghasilkan efisiensi inhibitor sekitar 50%(melalui pengujian kehilangan berat). Kemudian, penambahan ekstrak ubi ungusebanyak 1-5 mL menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan efisiensi inhibitor. Ekstrakdaun sirsak dan ubi ungu bekerja dengan membentuk suatu lapisan tipis yangmengendap (adsorpsi) pada permukaan logam sebagai lapisan pelindung yangdapat menghambat reaksi logam tersebut dengan lingkungannya. Mekanisme inijuga didukung dengan meningkatnya nilai tahanan polarisasi dari permukaan bajasetelah ditambahkan inhibitor.

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ABSTRACTCorrosion is a degradation of the material due to its interaction with theenvironment. Corrosion inhibitor is a substance that can inhibit the corrosionprocess. The use of organic corrosion inhibitor become a new alternative toachieve that goal, it happen because the organic corrosion inhibitor is safe, cheap,biodegradable, and environmentally friendly. This research is the study ofcorrosion inhibitor using organic compounds for API 5L steel in 3.5% NaClsolution. This research was conducted to study the use of mixture of annonamuricata leaves and purple sweet potato extracts as corrosion inhibitor withvariable concentration. Annona muricata leaves and purple sweet potato extractsare selected as corrosion inhibitor because they contain antioxidant compoundsthat can inhibit the corrosion rate. Corrosion rate measurement method wasconducted by using the weight loss and polarization methods. Corrosionmechanism was examined by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)while the characterization of organic inhibitor material was carried out using themethod of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The type of chemical bonds onthe steel surface layer was analyzed by FTIR method which indicated the presenceof functional groups carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (O-H) which combined as filmforming. In a solution containing 100 mL 3.5% NaCl, the addition of 1 mLannona muricata leaves extract resulted in approximately 73.38% inhibitorefficiency (using the polarization method) and in a solution containing 520 mL3.5% NaCl, the addition of 1 mL annona muricata leaves extract resulted inapproximately 50% inhibitor efficiency (using the weight loss method). Then, theaddition of 1-5 mL purple sweet potato extract resulted the decreasing of inhibitorefficiency. Annona muricata leaves and purple sweet potato extracts work byforming a thin layer which settles (adsorption) to metal surfaces as a protectivelayer that can inhibit the reaction of the metal with its environment. Thismechanism is also supported by the increased value of the polarization resistanceof the steel surface after addition of inhibitor."

"ABSTRAKEfek inhibisi korosi dan sifat-sifat adsorpsi oleh ekstrak daun Annona Muricata (sirsak) pada baja karbon dalam larutan asam 1M HCl telah dipelajari menggunakan teknik konvensional metode berat hilang pada variasi waktu, konsentrasi dan suhu. Parameter-parameter termodinamika seperti energi aktivasi, entalpi, entropi dan perubahan energi bebas dihitung. Polarisasi elektrokimia telah dievaluasi untuk memastikan jenis inhibitor. Spektra infrared dan GCMS dilakukan untuk mengetahui senyawa ekstrak yang berperan dalam proses inhibisi. Keseluruhan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirsakdapat digunakan sebagai inhibitor korosi yang efektif pada baja karbon di lingkungan 1M HCl dengan pencapaian efisiensi 93,68% pada konsentrasi 6000 ppm selama 120 jam. Mekanisme inhibisi adalah adsorpsi fisiosorpsi berdasar rendahnya nilai entalpi dan energi bebas. Inhibisi diketahui meningkat dengan peningkatan konsentrasi dari ekstrak serta menurun dengan peningkatan suhu. Kurva polarisasi menunjukkan inhibitor ini berperilaku sebagai inhibitor campuran dengan dominan pada inhibisi katodik.

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AbstractThe corrosion inhibition effect and adsorption properties by the extract of Annona Muricata (graviola) leaves on carbon steel in hydrochloric acid were studied using convensional mass loss method at various time, concentrations and temperature. Thermodynamic parameters such as energy activation, enthalpy, entropy and change in the free energy are calculated. Electrochemical polarization was evaluated to confirm the type of inhibitor. Infra red spectra & GCMS are evaluated to reveal compounds of extract which effect the inhibition process. Theentire study shows that ethanol extract of Annona Muricata leaves could serve as an effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl media with optimum efficiency of inhibitor up to 93,68 % for 120 hours. Mechanism of inhibition is fisiosorpsi adsorption due to low entalphy and free energy. Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the leaves extract and decrease with increasing temperature. Polarisation curves reavealed that this inhibitor act as a mixed type inhibitor with predominant in catodic inhibition."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Demam tifoid disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri gram negatif Salmonella typhii. Gejala dari demam tifoid adalah demam, nyeri abdomen, sakit kepala, dan menurunnya nafsu makan. Penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan telah memunculkan permasalahan dalam pengobatan demam tifoid, yaitu resistensi Salmonella typhii terhadap beberapa antibiotik standar. Daun Annona muricata atau sirsak sering digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional dan terbukti memiliki sifat antimikrobial terhadap S.typhii. Maka, penggunaan ekstrak daun Annona muricata diharapkan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S.typhii.Metode: Daun sirsak diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dan menggunakan pelarut metanol. Kemudian ekstrak diencerkan menjadi 4 konsentrasi (400 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml) dan diuji efek antibakterinya terhadap isolat bakteri Salmonella typhii melalui metode difusi cakram. Lalu, diameter zona hambat dari setiap cakram diukur dan diinterpretasikan.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini, tidak terdapat zona inhibisi pada kertas cakram yang mengandung ekstrak daun Annona muricata.Konklusi: Oleh karena itu, efek antibakteri ekstrak daun Annona muricata terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.typhii tidak dapat diamati dengan metode difusi cakram dikarenakan metode difusi cakram dapat mengurangi difusi molekul ekstrak ke dalam agar. Namun, metode dilusi cair, dapat menunjukkan efek antibakteri ekstrak daun Annona muricata."

"Pendahuluan: Hiperglikemia yang berlangsung lama dan tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat meningkatkan produksi ROS dan menyebabkan infertilitas pada pria. Daun sirsak (Annona muricata) merupakan salah satu herbal dengan efek antidiabetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (EEDS) terhadap ukuran diameter tubulus seminiferus, jumlah sel sertoli, dan jumlah sel leydig pada mencit yang mengalami diabetes mellitus. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi eksperimental. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 30 ekor mencit jantan Swiss Webster yang diinduksi aloksan selama 3 hari, yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan 3 kelompok uji dengan dosis EEDS masing-masing 150, 300, dan 600 mg/kgBB. EEDS diberikan setiap hari selama 14 hari. Semua preparat jaringan testis diwarnai dengan pewarnaan HE dan diamati pada perbesaran 40x. Diameter tubulus seminiferus diukur menggunakan program Axiovision Release 4.8. Jumlah sel sertoli dan sel leydig dihitung menggunakan perangkat lunak image J. Hasil: EEDS dalam semua dosis uji tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan pada ukuran diameter tubulus seminiferus. EEDS dosis 150, 300, dan 600 mg/kgBB secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel sertoli dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif (p<0,05). EEDS dosis 300 mg/kgBB signifikan dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel leydig dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Pemberian EEDS selama 14 hari pada mencit yang diinduksi aloksan tidak mengubah ukuran diameter tubulus seminiferus secara signifikan, namun dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel sertoli dan sel leydig secara signifikan dibandingkan jika tidak diberi pengobatan apapun(

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).Introduction: Prolonged and uncontrolled hyperglycemia increases production of ROS and causes male infertility. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata) is herbal medicine that is known to have antidiabetic effect. This study aimed to observe the potential effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (EESL) to the alteration of seminiferous tubules’ diameter, sertoli cells’ amount and leydig cells’ amount, as the indicators of male infertility. Method: This is a true experimental in vivo study with randomized control group. The sample used for this study are 30 alloxan-induced Swiss Webster mice which was devided into positive control group, negative control group, and three trial groups (1: 150 mg/kg, 2: 300 mg/kg, 3: 600 mg/kg). EESL solution was given everyday during 14 days. All histopathology preparations were stained by HE-staining and observed on 40x magnification. Diameters of seminiferous tubules were measured by Axiovision Release program version 4.8. The amounts of sertoli and leydig cells were counted by Image J software. Results: EESL in every trial dose doesn’t have significant effect to the diameter of seminiferous tubules on every trial groups. EESL 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg has a significant effect to increase the amounts of sertoli cells (p=0,003). EESL 300 mg/kg has a significant effect to increase the amounts of leydig cells (p=0,03). Conclusion: Administration of Annona muricata leaf during 14 days on alloxan-induced mice doesn’t significantly affect diameters of seminiferous tubules. In contrast, it significantly increases the amounts of sertoli and leydig cells."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian pemanfaatan ekstrak tumbuh-tumbuhan sebagai inhibitor korosibelakangan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaanpenggunaan bahan-bahan kimia yang ramah lingkungan. Pemanfaatan ekstraktumbuh-tumbuhan sebagai inhibitor korosi menjadi penting mengingatkarakteristiknya ramah lingkungan (green inhibitor), mudah ketersediaannnya,sumberdaya yang melimpah dan dapat diperbaharui, prosedur produksi yangsederhana, dan biaya produksi yang cukup kompetitif. Dalam penelitian inidilakukan pengujian eksperimental efek sinergis jenis inhhibitor baru yaituekstrak ubi ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) yang memiliki kandungan utamaantosianin dengan inhibitor komersial berbasis amine (aniline) dan denganinhibitor asam askorbat.Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis laju kororsi dan efisiensi inhibisikorosi logam baja (API 5L) di dalam lingkungan air terproduksi menggunakaninhibitor campuran ekstrak ubi ungu dan inhibitor komersial berbasis amine(aniline). Selain itu dilakukan pula analisis laju korosi, efisiensi inhibisi,mekanisme proteksi dan model lapisan inhibisi korosi logam baja (API 5L) didalam lingkungan 3,5% NaCl menggunakan inhibitor campuran ekstrak ubi ungudan asam askorbat.Metode pengukuran laju korosi dan efisiensi inhibisi dilakukanmenggunakan elektrokimia kurva polarisasi. Mekanisme korosi diteliti denganmenggunakan metode Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Untukmenganalisis model lapisan inhibisi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodeFourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pencampuran ekstrak ubi ungumemiliki kemampuan sinergis dengan inhibitor komersial berbasis amine (aniline)pada fraksi volume ekstrak ubi ungu sebesar 25% dengan menghasilkan efisiensiinhibisi sebesar 82,14%. Sebagai pembanding, pada sistem yang samapenggunaan esktrak ubi ungu saja menghasilkan efisiensi inhibisi 68,30%,sedangkan penggunaan inhibitor komersial berbasis amine (aniline) sajamenghasilkan efisiensi inhibisi 74,88%.Penambahan volume ekstrak ubi ungu dari 1 mL hingga 4 mL kedalaminhibitor asam askorbat 10-4 M meningkatkan efisiensi inhibisi korosi logam baja(API 5L) dalam larutan 3,5% NaCl dari efisiensi inhibisi sebesar 23,37% menjadi57,52%. Campuran inhibitor korosi tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kurvapolarisasi anodik maupun katodik sehingga dapat berperan sebagai mixedinhibitor. Pengujian EIS menunjukan proses korosi dikontrol oleh mekanismepasivasi yang ditunjukan oleh adanya peningkatan tahanan permukaan korosi.Pada lapisan permukaan terjadi proses adsorpsi dan pembentukan kelatorgano (flavonoid) logam dimana ekstrak ubi ungu dengan kandungan utamaantosianin berperan sebagai pembentuk metal-chelated. Pembentukan kelatekstrak ubi ungu-Fe-asam askorbat terjadi pada gugus hidroksil dan karbonil.Lokasi terjadinya ligan kelat ekstrak ubi ungu dengan kandungan utma antosianinterjadi pada ikatan 3?, 4? Dihydroxy cincin B atau 3-Hydroxy 4-Carbonyl cincin C;

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ABSTRACTResearch of utilization of plant extracts as a corrosion inhibitor recentlyincreased along with the increasing demand for the use of chemicals that areenvironmentally friendly. Utilization of plant extracts as a corrosion inhibitorbecomes important given the characteristics of environmentally friendly (greeninhibitor), easy availability, resources are abundant and renewable, the productionprocedure is simple, and the production costs are quite competitive. In thisresearch, experimental testing of the synergistic effects of new types inhibitor ieextract purple potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) which has the main content ofanthocyanin with commercial inhibitor-based amine (aniline) and with ascorbicacid inhibitors.The study aims to analyze the rate of corrosion and metal corrosioninhibition efficiency of steel (API 5L) in the produced water environment using amixed inhibitor purple sweet potato extract and commercial-based inhibitors ofamine (aniline). In addition, the corrosion rate analysis was also performed,inhibition efficiency, protection mechanisms and models of metal corrosioninhibition layer steel (API 5L) in the neighborhood of 3.5% NaCl using a mixedinhibitor purple sweet potato extract and ascorbic acid.Method of measuring the rate of corrosion and inhibition efficiency wasperformed using electrochemical polarization curves. Corrosion mechanismsinvestigated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). To analyze themodel layer of inhibition were calculated using Fourier Transform Infra Red(FTIR) spectroscopy.The results showed that mixing purple sweetpotato extract has the abilityto synergistically with commercial inhibitor-based amine (aniline) in purplesweetpotato extract volume fraction of 25% with a yield of 82.14% inhibitionefficiency. For comparison, the same system using purple sweet potato extractonly produce inhibition efficiency of 68.30%, while the use of commercial-basedinhibitors of amine (aniline) alone resulted in inhibition efficiency of 74.88%.The addition of purple sweet potato extract volume of 1 mL to 4 mL intoascorbic acid inhibitors 10-4 M improving steel metal corrosion inhibitionefficiency (API 5L) in a solution of 3.5% NaCl of inhibition efficiency of 23.37%to 57.52%. The corrosion inhibitor mixture affect the anodic and cathodicpolarization curves so that it can act as a mixed inhibitor. Testing EIS shows thecorrosion process is controlled by the passivation mechanism indicated by anincrease in the surface resistance of corrosion.On the surface layer of a process of adsorption and formation of organochelates (flavonoids) in which the metal purple sweet potato extract with the maincontent of anthocyanins act as forming metal-chelated. Location of the chelatingligand purple sweet potato extract with the main content of anthocyanins occur inbond 3 ', 4' dihydroxy ring B or 3-Hydroxy 4-Carbonyl ring C.;Research of utilization of plant extracts as a corrosion inhibitor recentlyincreased along with the increasing demand for the use of chemicals that areenvironmentally friendly. Utilization of plant extracts as a corrosion inhibitorbecomes important given the characteristics of environmentally friendly (greeninhibitor), easy availability, resources are abundant and renewable, the productionprocedure is simple, and the production costs are quite competitive. In thisresearch, experimental testing of the synergistic effects of new types inhibitor ieextract purple potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) which has the main content ofanthocyanin with commercial inhibitor-based amine (aniline) and with ascorbicacid inhibitors.The study aims to analyze the rate of corrosion and metal corrosioninhibition efficiency of steel (API 5L) in the produced water environment using amixed inhibitor purple sweet potato extract and commercial-based inhibitors ofamine (aniline). In addition, the corrosion rate analysis was also performed,inhibition efficiency, protection mechanisms and models of metal corrosioninhibition layer steel (API 5L) in the neighborhood of 3.5% NaCl using a mixedinhibitor purple sweet potato extract and ascorbic acid.Method of measuring the rate of corrosion and inhibition efficiency wasperformed using electrochemical polarization curves. Corrosion mechanismsinvestigated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). To analyze themodel layer of inhibition were calculated using Fourier Transform Infra Red(FTIR) spectroscopy.The results showed that mixing purple sweetpotato extract has the abilityto synergistically with commercial inhibitor-based amine (aniline) in purplesweetpotato extract volume fraction of 25% with a yield of 82.14% inhibitionefficiency. For comparison, the same system using purple sweet potato extractonly produce inhibition efficiency of 68.30%, while the use of commercial-basedinhibitors of amine (aniline) alone resulted in inhibition efficiency of 74.88%.The addition of purple sweet potato extract volume of 1 mL to 4 mL intoascorbic acid inhibitors 10-4 M improving steel metal corrosion inhibitionefficiency (API 5L) in a solution of 3.5% NaCl of inhibition efficiency of 23.37%to 57.52%. The corrosion inhibitor mixture affect the anodic and cathodicpolarization curves so that it can act as a mixed inhibitor. Testing EIS shows thecorrosion process is controlled by the passivation mechanism indicated by anincrease in the surface resistance of corrosion.On the surface layer of a process of adsorption and formation of organochelates (flavonoids) in which the metal purple sweet potato extract with the maincontent of anthocyanins act as forming metal-chelated. Location of the chelatingligand purple sweet potato extract with the main content of anthocyanins occur inbond 3 ', 4' dihydroxy ring B or 3-Hydroxy 4-Carbonyl ring C., Research of utilization of plant extracts as a corrosion inhibitor recentlyincreased along with the increasing demand for the use of chemicals that areenvironmentally friendly. Utilization of plant extracts as a corrosion inhibitorbecomes important given the characteristics of environmentally friendly (greeninhibitor), easy availability, resources are abundant and renewable, the productionprocedure is simple, and the production costs are quite competitive. In thisresearch, experimental testing of the synergistic effects of new types inhibitor ieextract purple potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) which has the main content ofanthocyanin with commercial inhibitor-based amine (aniline) and with ascorbicacid inhibitors.The study aims to analyze the rate of corrosion and metal corrosioninhibition efficiency of steel (API 5L) in the produced water environment using amixed inhibitor purple sweet potato extract and commercial-based inhibitors ofamine (aniline). In addition, the corrosion rate analysis was also performed,inhibition efficiency, protection mechanisms and models of metal corrosioninhibition layer steel (API 5L) in the neighborhood of 3.5% NaCl using a mixedinhibitor purple sweet potato extract and ascorbic acid.Method of measuring the rate of corrosion and inhibition efficiency wasperformed using electrochemical polarization curves. Corrosion mechanismsinvestigated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). To analyze themodel layer of inhibition were calculated using Fourier Transform Infra Red(FTIR) spectroscopy.The results showed that mixing purple sweetpotato extract has the abilityto synergistically with commercial inhibitor-based amine (aniline) in purplesweetpotato extract volume fraction of 25% with a yield of 82.14% inhibitionefficiency. For comparison, the same system using purple sweet potato extractonly produce inhibition efficiency of 68.30%, while the use of commercial-basedinhibitors of amine (aniline) alone resulted in inhibition efficiency of 74.88%.The addition of purple sweet potato extract volume of 1 mL to 4 mL intoascorbic acid inhibitors 10-4 M improving steel metal corrosion inhibitionefficiency (API 5L) in a solution of 3.5% NaCl of inhibition efficiency of 23.37%to 57.52%. The corrosion inhibitor mixture affect the anodic and cathodicpolarization curves so that it can act as a mixed inhibitor. Testing EIS shows thecorrosion process is controlled by the passivation mechanism indicated by anincrease in the surface resistance of corrosion.On the surface layer of a process of adsorption and formation of organochelates (flavonoids) in which the metal purple sweet potato extract with the maincontent of anthocyanins act as forming metal-chelated. Location of the chelatingligand purple sweet potato extract with the main content of anthocyanins occur inbond 3 ', 4' dihydroxy ring B or 3-Hydroxy 4-Carbonyl ring C.]"

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari mekanisme ekstrak kunyit putih Curcuma Zedoaria dan ekstrak ubi jalar ungu Ipomoea Batatas sebagai inhibitor korosi ramah lingkungan untuk API 5L pada lingkungan 3,5 NaCl. Karakterisasi kedua inhibitor dilakukan dengan pengujian FTIR dan menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang terdapat pada kedua inhibitor tersebut adalah senyawa flavonoid. Pengujian polarisasi potensiodinamik dan EIS dengan variasi penambahan inhibitor serta campuran antara kedua inhibitor dilakukan untuk mempelajari sifat inhibisi, dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa masing ndash; masing kedua inhibitor dapat digunakan sebagai inhibitor ramah lingkungan untuk logam API 5L pada lingkungan 3,5 NaCl sedangkan campuran antara kedua inhibitor tersebut tidak dapat melindungi logam API 5L pada lingkungan 3,5 NaCl. Dari pengujian polarisasi potensiodinamik menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan konsentrasi inhibitor ekstrak kunyit putih maka laju korosi akan semakin menurun dan nilai efisiensi inhibisi semakin naik dengan nilai tertinggi adalah 70,5 , sedangkan dengan penambahan konsentrasi inhibitor ekstrak ubi jalar ungu laju korosi semakin turun dengan nilai efisiensi inhibisi maksimal sebesar 15,09. Namun hasil pengujian polarisasi potensiodinamik untuk inhibitor ekstrak kunyit putih 400 ppm yang ditambah dengan ekstrak ubi jalr ungu menunjukkan nilai laju korosi yang semakin meningkat. Hasil pengujian EIS menunjukkan bahwa kedua inhibitor ini dapat melindungi logam dengan membentuk sebuah lapisan film yang melapisi permukaan logam. Mekanisme adsorpsi inhibitor menunjukkan sebagai mekanisme adsorpsi secara fisik dan kimia serta sesuai dengan model dari Langmuir.

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This study was conducted to study the mechanism of white turmeric extract Curcuma Zedoaria and purple sweet potato extract Ipomoea Batatas as a green corrosion inhibitor for API 5L in a 3.5 NaCl environment. The characterization of both inhibitors was done by FTIR testing and showed that the compounds present in both inhibitors were flavonoids. Potentiodynamic polarization and EIS polarization with variation of inhibitor addition and mixture of both inhibitors were performed to study the inhibitory properties, from this study it can be seen that each of the two inhibitors can be used as a green corrosion inhibitor for API 5L metal in a 3.5 NaCl environment whereas the mixture between the two inhibitors can not protect the 5L API in the 3.5 NaCl environment.

From potentiodynamic polarization testing showed that with the addition of white turmeric extract inhibitor concentration, the corrosion rate will decrease and the value of inhibition efficiency increases with the highest value is 70,5 , whereas with the addition of purple sweet potato extract inhibitor concentration decreasing with efficiency value maximum inhibition of 15.09.

However, potentiodinamic polarization test results for a 400 ppm white turmeric extract inhibitor added with purple java extract showed an increasing rate of corrosion rate. The results of the EIS test show that these two inhibitors can protect the metal by forming a film coating that coats the metal surface. The mechanism of adsorption inhibitor shows as a physical and chemical adsorption mechanism and is in accordance with the model of Langmuir. "

"Pendahuluan: Hiperglikemia yang memicu peningkatan stress oksidatif dapat menyebabkan inflamasi pada jaringan hepar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun Annona muricata yang memiliki fungsi hepato-protektif terhadap perubahan histopatologi hepar mencit yang mengalami diabetes mellitus. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit Swiss Webster yang akan dibagi secara acak ke dalam 5 kelompok: kelompok Kontrol Negatif (KN), Kontrol Positif (KP), Dosis Rendah (DR), Dosis Sedang (DS), dan Dosis Tinggi (DT). Gambaran histopatologi akan dinilai menggunakan skor NASH CRN yang kemudian akan diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 24 dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Sementara kadar glukosa darah akan diuji menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dengan post hoc Mann Whitney U Test. Hasil: Hasil uji ekstrak etanol daun Annona murica menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan pada perubahan pengaruh inflamasi lobular (p=0,000) dan steatosis (p=0,001). Data kadar glukosa darah yang didapatkan pada pre-test (H0) dibandingkan dengan post-test (H14) tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna(p=0,542). Di antara masing-masing data dari 5 kelompok pada hari ke-14 setelah perlakuan (H14) tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,553). Pada penelitian ini juga ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel steatosis dengan inflamasi lobular (p=0,535). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Annona muricata terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan terhadap pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Annona muricata terhadap perubahan steatosis dan inflamasi lobular hepar mencit.Introduction: Hyperglycemia which triggers an increase in oxidative stress can cause inflammation of the liver tissue. This study aims to look at the effect of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaves which has a hepato-protective function on liver histopathological changes in mice that have diabetes mellitus. Method: This study used 25 Swiss Webster mice which were randomly divided into 5 groups: the Negative Control (KN), Positive Control (KP) group, the treatment group dose 150 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg. Histopathological features will be assessed using the NASH CRN score which will then be processed using SPSS version 24 using the Chi-Square test. While blood glucose levels will be tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the post hoc Mann Whitney U Test. Results: The results of the ethanol extract of Annona murica leaves in the 5 dose groups showed significant differences in lobular inflammation (p = 0,000) and steatosis (p = 0.001). While blood glucose levels obtained at the pre-test (H0) compared with the post- test (H14) did not have a significant difference (p = 0.542). The 14th day of the test (H14) between the 5 dose groups did not have a significant difference (p = 0.553). In this study also found a significant relationship between steatosis variables with lobular inflammation (p = 0.535). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship to the ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaves on changes in steatosis and lobular liver inflammation in mice. There was no significant relationship in ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaves administration on mice blood glucose level."

"Korosi sebagai penyebab utama kegagalan di industri migas dapat dicegah dengan menggunakan green inhibitor yang bersifat aman, mudah diperoleh, biodegradeable, murah, dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar optimal campuran kedua ekstrak ubi ungu dan melinjo untuk melindungi baja API 5L di lingkungan NaCl 3,5% dengan metode kehilangan berat dan polarisasi. Kedua green inhibitor dipilih karena mengandung senyawa antioksidan yang dapat menghambat laju korosi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua inhibitor yang digunakan anti-sinergis dimana kebanyakan variasi kadar pencampuran melindungi sampel kurang baik dibandingkan dengan salah satu inhibitor tersebut. Pencampuran 6 ml kedua ekstrak menghasilkan perlindungan maksimal terhadap korosi.

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Corrosion as the main cause of material failure in oil industries can be prevented with green inhibitors, which are easily accessible, biodegradable, cheap and environmental friendly. This research is intended to determined the optimal mixing concentration of both purple sweet potato and melinjo extract in protecting API 5L steel in NaCl 3,5% environment by weight loss and polarization tests. These inhibitors are selected as they contain antioxidants to decrease corrosion rate. The results of the research conclude that these inhibitors not anti-synergic as most of the mixing concentration provide worse protection against corrosion than either one of the inhibitors. The optimal mixing concentration is both extracts at 6 ml."

"Indonesia kaya akan sumber daya alam, terutama daun salam dan cengkeh yang telah terbukti memiliki memiliki sifat antioksidant yang tinggi. Sifat antioksidan ini dapat dimanfaatkan juga sebagai inhibitor korosi ramah lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian mempelajari dan menganalisa pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun salam dan minyak cengkeh serta campuran keduanya sebagai inhibitor ramah lingkungan pada baja karbon API 5L grade B di larutan HCl 1M. Metode pengujian adalah uji polarisasi dan EIS dengan konsentrasi penambahan ekstrak berbeda, yaitu 13 ml/L, 26 ml/L, 40 ml/L dan 53 ml/L untuk tiap ekstrak dan konsentrasi ekstrak campuran 13 ml/L dengan perbandingan komposisi yaitu 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 dan 3:1. Pengujian FTIR juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa aktif pada lapisan pelindung yang terbentuk. Hasil pengujian Polarisasi didapatkan efisiensi inhibitor tertinggi yang dari ekstrak daun salam adalah EI = 86.27 pada konsentrasi 53 ml/L dan dari minyak cengkeh adalah EI = 82.15 dengan laju pada konsentrasi 53 ml/L. Sementara itu pada ekstrak campuran dari daun salam dan minyak cengkeh didapat efisiensi inhibitor tertinggi EI = 91.51 dengan rasio pencampuran 1:2. Mekanisme inhibisinya diperkirakan secara fisik dan chemisorption. Pengujian FTIR diperkirakan lapisan senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai lapisan pelindung pada permukaan sampel adalah Flavanoid dan Eugenol.

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Bay leaf and clove oil are very abundant in Indonesia, and have been proven that they have antioxindant and anti aging effect. The antioxidant properties can be utilized as well as environmentall friendly corrosion inhibitor. The aim of this research is to study and analyze the effect of bay leaf extract and cloves oil and a mixture of both as an corrosion inhibitor. Electrochemical polarization test and EIS test were used ini measuring the inhibitor efficiency at a different concentration of extract i.e 13 ml L, 26 ml L, 40 ml L and 53 ml for each extracts, and 13 ml L for their mixture with a composition ratio of bay leaf extract to clove oil, 1 1, 1 2, 1 3, 2 1 and 3 1.

The highest efficiency inhibitor of indonesian bay leaf extract was 86.27 at concentration 53 ml L and for clove oil extract obtained 82.15 at concentration 40 ml L. The addition of their mixture showed good interaction with efficiency inhibitor 91.51 at composition ratio 1 2. FTIR test result on sample which was immersed in HCl 1 M solution had identified primarily the presence of phenolic compound group tannin, flavanoid with bay leaf extract and eugenol compound on clove oil extract."

"Pada proses pre-commisioning jaringan pipa bawah laut diperlukan pencegahan korosi dimana laju korosi material baja API 5L grade B di dalam larutan 3,5 % NaCl teraerasi pada kondisi steady masih relatif tinggi yang dapat mencapai lebih dari 20 mpy (0,5 mm/tahun). Upaya pencegahan korosi pada saat proses hydrotest dengan media air laut dilakukan dengan penambahan inhibitor anorganik yang mengandung zat corrosion inhibitor, oxygen scavenger dan biocide sehingga diperlukan bahan organik alternatif ramah lingkungan dengan kinerja yang lebih baik. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi efisiensi dari penggunaan campuran ekstrak sarang semut dan sirih merah sebagai alternatif inhibitor ramah lingkungan atau bahan campuran untuk mengurangi penggunaan inhibitor anorganik pada perlindungan korosi material baja API 5L Grade B dalam lingkungan 3,5% NaCl.Kemampuan inhibisi korosi dari hasil ekstrak bahan alami diinvestigasi dengan menggunakan pengujian Tafel polarisasi dan Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) serta diverifikasi dengan pengujian kehilangan berat. Kandungan senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak sarang semut dan sirih merah beserta senyawa teradsorpsi pada permukaan logam dan mekaniseme inhibisi elektrokimia diinvestigasi dengan pengujian EIS, FTIR dan model adsorpsi isoterm. Pada konsentrasi campuran green inhibitor 2ml sarang semut + 1ml sirih merah, effisiensi inhibitor dapat mencapai 73,66%. Pada penggunaan sebagai inhibitor campuran dengan inhibitor kimia pada konsentrasi campuran 1ml kimia + 2ml green inhibitor, dapat menurunkan laju korosi secara signifikan dari 0,42 mm/year menjadi 0,03 mm/year dengan efisiensi mencapai 93,15%. Inhibitor korosi tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kurva polarisasi anodik maupun katodik sehingga dapat berperan sebagai mixed inhibitor.Pengujian FTIR menunjukan adanya gugus-gugus fungsi ikatan kimia yang berkombinasi sebagai pembentuk lapisan (film forming) seperti Gugus hidroksil, karbonil, aromatik, alkane dan amina. Adsorpsi senyawa-senyawa terkandung dalam inhibitor sarang semut dan sirih merah pada permukaan logam terjadi spontan mengikuti Langmuir adsorpsi isoterm. Hasil ini sesuai dengan hipotesis awal bahwa ekstrak sarang semut dan sirih merah yang mengandung senyawa antioksidan dapat mencegah proses oksidasi pada permukaan logam sehingga akan mengurangi laju korosi.

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During pre-commissioning of subsea pipeline are require corrosion prevention since the corrosion rate of steel material of API 5L grade B in 3.5% NaCl aerated solution under steady state condition is still relatively high (can reach more than 0,5 mm/year). Method to prevent the corrosion during subsea pipeline hydrotest using seawater is generally by the addition of inorganic inhibitor containing corrosion inhibitor agent, oxygen scavenger and biocide, so that require to find out the alternative eco- friendly materials with better performance. The main objective of this study is to investigate the efficiency of the use of mixture of extract of myrmecodia pendans and piper crocatum as an alternative of eco-friendly inhibitor or a compound for reducing the use of inorganic inhibitors for corrosion protection of steel material API 5L Grade B in 3,5% NaCl Environmental.

The corrosion inhibition ability of natural ingredient extraction are investigated by using tafel polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and verified by weight loss test. The content of the active compounds in the extract of Myrmecodia Pendans and Piper Crocatum along with adsorption compound on metal surfaces and electrochemical inhibition mekaniseme are investigated by EIS, FTIR testing and model of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The addition of mixed green inhibitor concentration of 2ml myrmecodia pendans and 1ml piper crocatum is resulted in approximately 73.66% inhibitor efficiency while the addition of mixed green inhibitor into chemical inhibitor with concentration of 1ml for chemical and 2ml for green inhibitor are significantly reduce the corrosion rate from 0.42 mm/year to be 0.03 mm/year with approximately 93.15% inhibitor efficiency.

The green inhibitor affected the cathodic as well as the anodic polarization curves which were known as mixed corrosion inhibitor type. The type of chemical bonds on the steel surface layer was analyzed by FTIR method which indicated hydroxyl, carbonyl, aromatic, alkane and amine group. The adsorption of compounds contained in the myrmecodia pendans and piper crocatum inhibitor on a metal surface are occur spontaneously follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. These results are consistent with the initial hypothesis that the extract of myrmecodia pendans and piper crocatum contains antioxidant compound which can prevent the oxidation process in the metal surface thereby will reducing the corrosion rate."