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"Kondisi kritis iskemia tungkai merupakan manifestasi dan stadium akhir penyakit arteri perifer (PAP) yang dapat meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi bagi penderitanya. Dengan demikian perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kondisi kritis iskemia tungkai pada penderita PAP. Beberapa faktor tersebut diantaranya faktor usia, jenis kelamin, penyakit diabetes mellitus, hipertensi, kebiasaan merokok dan penyakit chronic kidney disease dengan tujuan agar pencegahan dan pelayanan terhadap pasien penderita PAP dapat ditingkatkan. Metode penelitian adalah studi potong lintang. Hasil penelitian dengan analisis regresi logistik biner menunjukkan kejadian kondisi kritis iskemia tungkai pada penderita PAP berhubungan secara signifikan oleh faktor diabetes mellitus (OR=3,5; 95% CI=1,431-8,533), hipertensi (OR=2,62; 95% CI=1,064-6,442), dan kebiasaan merokok (OR=2,92; 95% CI=1,059-8,035). Usia, jenis kelamin, dan chronic kidney disease tidak berhubungan signifikan terhadap kondisi kritis iskemia tungkai pada penderita PAP.

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Critical limb ischemia is the manifestation dan the last stage of perifer artery disease (PAD) which improves high risk of morbidity and mortality for its patient. Thus its needed to perform a research about factors related to critical limb ischemia in perifer artery disease’s patients, including age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking habit, and chronic kidney disease in purpose to increase prevention and treatment satisfactory of PAD’s patients. The research method is cross-sectional study.

The result with binary logistic regression analysis shows that critical limb ischemia in PAD's patients significantly related by diabetes mellitus (OR=3,5; 95% CI=1,431-8,533), hypertension (OR=2,62; 95% CI=1,064-6,442), and smoking habit (OR=2,92; 95% CI=1,059-8,035). Age, gender, and chronic kidney disease are not significantly related to critical limb ischemia in PAD’s patients."

"Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan kondisi yang mendorong perkembangan dan progresi penyakit arteri perifer (PAP). Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) memiliki peran dalam modulasi sistem imun yang merupakan komponen penting dalam patogenesis dari aterosklerosis. Peran SCFA dalam regulasi kadar glukosa dan aterosklerosis memiliki kemungkinan penggunaan SCFA sebagai upaya mencegah PAP pada pasien DM Tipe 2. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu hubungan antara SCFA dengan parameter ultrasonografi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 tanpa penyakit arteri perifer ekstremitas bawah Metode: Sebuah penelitian potong lintang pada pasien diabetes melitus tanpa PAP pada selama Februari 2023 s/d Mei 2023 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo. Seluruh pasien dilakukan ultrasonografi pada ekstremitas bawah untuk menilai diameter, volume flow, peak systolic value, gelombang spektral, dan plak. Kemudian dialukan pemeriksaan SCFA dari feses Hasil: Terdapat 39 pasien yang diikutsertakan pada penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan korelasi positif sedang antara diameter SFA dengan propionat persen (r= 0,408; p= 0,025), terdapat korelasi negatif antara PSV CFA dengan total SCFA (p= 0,007), korelasi positif antara valerat persen dengan PSV PTA (r= 0,375; p= 0,041) dan PSV DPA (r= 0,379; p= 0,039), terdapat korelasi antara VF DPA dengan total SCFA (p =0.025), dan korelasi antara VF PTA dengan total SCFA (p=0,006) dan asetat absolut (p=0,038). Hasil ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh antropometri, jenis kelamin, kadar kolesterol, tekanan darah dan kadar gula darah pasien Kesimpulan: Terdapat potensi hubungan antara kadar SCFA dengan parameter ultrasonografi ekstremitas bawah. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain kohort dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih banyak untuk mengevaluasi efek sebab-akibat terkait hubungan SCFA dengan parameter-parameter klinis dan ultrasonografi pasien DM tanpa PAP.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition that promotes the development and progression of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) has a role in modulating the immune system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The role of SCFA in the regulation of glucose levels and atherosclerosis has the possibility of using SCFA as an effort to prevent PAD in Type 2 DM patients. Therefore, this study aims to find out the relationship between SCFA and ultrasound parameters in type 2 DM patients without lower extremity peripheral artery disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study of DM patients without PAD from February 2023 to May 2023 at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital. All patients underwent ultrasonography of the lower extremities to assess diameter, volume flow, peak systolic value, spectral waves, and plaques. Then a SCFA examination of the stool is carried out Results: There were 39 patients included in this study. This study found a positive correlation between SFA diameter and propionate percent (r= 0,408; p= 0,025), there was a negative correlation between PSV CFA and total SCFA (p= 0,007), a positive correlation between valerate percent and PSV PTA (r= 0,375 ; p = 0,041) and PSV DPA (r = 0,379; p = 0,039), there is a correlation between VF DPA and total SCFA (p = 0,025), and a correlation between VF PTA and total SCFA (p = 0,006) and absolute acetate (p =0.038). These results can be influenced by anthropometry, gender, cholesterol levels, blood pressure and blood sugar levels of the patient. Conclusion: There is a potential relationship between SCFA levels and lower extremity ultrasound parameters. Further research is needed with a cohort design with a larger number of samples to evaluate the causal effect related to the relationship between SCFA and clinical and ultrasound parameters of DM patients without PAP."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi penyakit arteri perifer PAP pada pasien dengan penyakit ginjal kronik PGK terlihat meningkat sejak stadium 3. Alat diagnostik nilai indeks ankle brachial ABI cukup akurat dalam mendeteksi PAP pada populasi normal. Pada PGK yang sering terjadi kalsifikasi pembuluh darah dimana nilai ABI dapat menjadi normal atau tinggi meski sudah ada stenosis pembuluh darah. Kalsifikasi pada ibu jari jarang terjadi membuat pemeriksaan nilai indeks toe brachial TBI mempunyai kelebihan dalam menilai PAP pada PGK.Tujuan: Untuk mendapatkan proporsi PAP berdasarkan nilai ABI dan TBI serta informasi mengenai profil PAP pada PGK predialisis dan faktor yang diduga berhubungan. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada pasien PGK di poliklinik Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, poliklinik Ginjal Hipertensi, poliklinik Kardiologi dan poliklinik Kardiologi Pusat Jantung Terpadu RSCM periode Oktober 2015-Maret 2016. Data didapatkan dari hasil wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik, nilai ABI dan TBI, serta pemeriksaan laboratorium. Studi deskriptif dilakukan dengan melihat proporsi PAP berdasarkan nilai ABI dan TBI, proporsi variabel dan penentuan nilai rerata dan median. Hasil: Terdapat 75 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Proporsi PAP berdasarkan nilai ABI dan TBI 60 IK 95 49 -; 71. Nilai ABI. 0,9 dan TBI. 0,7 digunakan sebagai cut off dalam diagnosis PAP. Proporsi PAP pada tiap stadium ginjal mulai terlihat besar. Pasien dengan PAP lebih banyak laki-laki 51,1 dan rerata IMT 23,57 3,5 kg/m2. Median usia pasien 64 tahun 33-74 tahun. Nilai median ABI 1,04 0,7-1,26 dan TBI 0,61 0,31-0,74. Sebagian besar tidak merokok 53,3, mempunyai komorbiditas hipertensi 84, diabetes melitus 64, penyakit jantung koroner 57 dan dislipidemia 40. Nilai median laju filtrasi glomerulus 31,6 6,3-57,6, nilai median albuminuria 153 mg/g kreatinin 7,9-10767,3, nilai median kalsium. mg/dL 7,2-9,8 mg/dL, nilai median fosfat 3,9 mg/dL 1,9-5,7 mg/dL, rerata nilai produk CaxPO4 33,7 6,5 mg2/dL2 dan nilai median hsCRP 1,3 mg/L 0,1-19,19 mg/L. Proporsi pasien dengan hipertensi lebih besar pada pasien dengan PAP. Sementara proporsi DM tidak terkontrol lebih besar dibandingkan yang terkontrol 44. 20. Simpulan: Proporsi PAP pada pasien PGK predialisis berdasarkan nilai ABI dan TBI sebesar 60. PAP pada PGK predialisis lebih banyak pada subjek dengan komorbiditas, diabetes melitus yang tidak terkontrol, stadium. klasifikasi Fontaine dan kecenderungan albuminuria yang meningkat.

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Background The prevalence of peripheral artery disease PAD in chronic kidney disease patients is increasing in CKD stage. or higher. Ankle brachial index is an accurate diagnostic tool in population without CKD. Higher prevalence of arterial calcification in CKD can lead to. normal or high ABI in stenotic vessel. Toe vessels are less susceptible to calcification, therefore toe brachial index TBI measurement can be more useful for PAD assessment in CKD population.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the profile of PAD based on ankle brachial index and toe brachial index in predialysis CKD patients.

Methods: cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient clinics of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital from October 2015 to March 2016. The data were obtained by interview, ABI and TBI measurement, and analyzing the laboratories values.

Results: In 75 patients ABI and TBI measurement were conducted simultaneously. ABI 0.9 and or TBI 0.7 had been used as cut off values for diagnosing PAD. PAD proportion based on ABI and TBI in CKD predialysis is 60 IK 95 49 - 71. PAD proportion in every CKD stage are high. Most of the subject are male 51.1 and the mean body mass index value is 23.57 3.5 kg m2. The age median is 64 year old 33 74 year old. The median value of ABI is 1.04 0.7 1.26 and TBI 0.61 0.31 0.74. Most of the patients are non smoker 53.3, had hypertension 84, diabetic 64, coronary artery disease 57 and dyslipidemia 40. Median value of glomerulus filtration rate is 31.6 ml menit 1.73 m2 6.3 57.6 ml menit 1.73 m2, median value of albuminuria 153 mg. kreatinin 7.9 10767.3 median value of calcium. mg dL 7.2 9.8 mg dL, median value of phosphate 3.9 mg dL 1.9 5.7 mg dL, mean value of CaxPO4 product is 33.7 6.5 mg2 dL2 and median value of hsCRP 1.3 mg. 0.1 19.19 mg.. Most patient with PAD had. greater proportion of hypertension. The proportion of uncontrolled diabetes are higher in patient with PAD 44 vs 20.

Conclusion PAD proportion based on ABI and TBI is 60 IK 95 49 - 71. Most of the patients with PAD in CKD predialyis are with uncontrolled diabetes, stage II of Fontaine classification, increased albuminuria. "

"Latar belakang: Pada iskemia tungkai kritis (ITK) infrapoplitea, tatalaksana utama bertujuan untuk revaskularisasi. Salah satu teknik revaskularisasi ITK infrapoplitea adalah plain old balloon angioplasty. Namun, masih terdapat re-stenosis yang terjadi setelah prosedur tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai luaran prosedur disertai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort retrospektif, dengan populasi seluruh pasien ITK infrapoplitea yang menjalani tatalaksana revaskularisasi plain old balloon angioplasty di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Januari 2013-Mei 2017. Faktor inklusi yaitu subjek dengan PAP Rutherford derajat ≥ 4 dan kontrol minimal 1 kali pasca prosedur. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui rekam medis dan registrasi pasien divisi bedah vaskular Departemen Ilmu Bedah RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Luaran yang dinilai adalah kejadian re-stenosis, amputasi, dan penyembuhan luka 1 tahun pasca-tindakan. Faktor yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah demografi, indeks massa tubuh (IMT),ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) komorbiditas, dan derajat Rutherford. Hasil: Terdapat 28 pasien subjek dalam penelitian ini. Kejadian re-stenosis terjadi pada 53,6% subjek. Kejadian amputasi terjadi pada 50% subjek. Luka semakin memburuk ditemukan pada 46,4% subjek. Terdapat hubungan antara perburukan luka pasca tindakan dengan derajat Rutherford subjek (p = 0,030). Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) dengan perbaikan luka pasca tindakan (p = 0,014). Tidak didapatkan hubungan faktor lain dengan luaran ITK infrapoplitea yang menjalani plain old balloon angioplasty. Kesimpulan: Luaran ITK infrapoplitea yang menjalani plain old balloon angioplasty belum baik dilihat dari tingginya luaran re-stenosis, amputasi, dan penyembuhan luka. Derajat Rutherford sebelum tindakan berhubungan dengan luaran penyembuhan luka pasca tindakan.

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Background: In infrapopliteal critical limb ischemia (CLI), the treatment aimed to re-vascularized the vessel. One of infrapopliteal CLI re-vascularization technique is plain old balloon angioplasty. However, there were re-stenosis reported after that procedure. A study to evaluate the procedure outcome and the factors affecting it.

Methods: The design of this study is retrospective cohort, with population include all infrapopliteal CLI patients underwent plain old balloon angioplasty re-vascularization in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from Janury 2013-May 2017. Subjects with Rutherford category ≥ 4 and return to hospital to control minimal 1 time after procedure. Data acquired through medical record and Vascular Surgery Division registry. Outcome evaluated including re-stenosis, amputation, and wound healing 1-year post-procedure. Factors analysed in this study were demography, body mass index (BMI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), comorbidity, and rutherford category.

Results: There were 28 patients acquired in this study. Re-stenosis occurred in 53.6% subjects. Amputation occurred in 50% subjects. Wound worsen in 46.4% subjects. There were association of wound worsening and Rutherford category (p = 0.030). There were association of history of coronary artery disease (CAD) with wound healing post-procedure (p = 0.014). There were no association of other factors with infrapopliteal CLI underwent plain old balloon angioplasty.

Discussion: Infrapopliteal CLI outcome underwent plain old balloon angioplasty were not yet favourable from re-stenosis, amputation rate, and wound healing. Rutherford category pre-procedure associated with wound healing after procedure."

"Studi ini mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian amputasi mayor pada pasien Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI) klasifikasi Rutherford IIb dan seberapa besar pengaruhnya. Penelitian ini berdesain kuantitatif dengan desain kohort retrospektif terhadap semua pasien RSCM pada tahun 2014-2019 dengan diagnosis ALI Rutherford IIb. Data demografi dan faktor risiko, dianalisa untuk mendapatkan korelasinya dengan tindakan amputasi mayor. Pada penelitian ini,  insiden amputasi mayor pada total subjek adalah 39,2%. Rata-rata subjek berusia 60 tahun, dengan insiden komorbiditas diabetes mellitus 32,4%, gangguan ginjal kronik 19,6%, hipertensi 41,2%, dan penyakit jantung koroner 39,2%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan hipertensi meningkatkan risiko amputasi mayor 27,4 kali, riwayat penyakit jantung koroner meningkatkan risiko 10,7 kali, dan diabetes mellitus meningkatkan risiko 9,8 kali, semua secara signifikan. Merokok ditemukan sebagai faktor risiko tidak langsung terhadap kejadian amputasi mayor.Kata kunci: Acute limb ischemia, Amputasi mayor, Rutherford IIb

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This study identifies the factors associated with major amputation in patients with Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI) Rutherford Stage IIb and how much they affect it. This is a quantitative study with retrospective cohort design for all patients with ALI in Rutherford IIb stage in 2014-2019. Demographics and risk factors were all analyzed in order to find the correlation with the incidence of major amputation. In this study, the incident of major amputation on the overall subject was 39.2%. The mean age for the subjects was 60 years old, and the comorbidity incidence of diabetes is 32.4%, chronic kidney disease is 19.6%, hypertension is 41.2%, and coronary heart disease is 39.2%. The result of the analysis shows that hypertension increases the risk of major amputation in patients with ALI in Rutherford IIb stage by 27.4 times, while coronary heart disease does by 10.7 times and diabetes does by 9.8 times, all statistically significant. Smoking is also found as an indirect risk factor to the incident of major amputation.Key words: Acute limb ischemia, Major amputation, Rutherford IIb"

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Atherosklerosis adalah suatu proses penyakit yang difus, dengan adanya satu pembuluh darah yang rusak akan memprediksikan adanya kelainan pada pembuluh darah lain. Ankle Brachial Indeks (ABI) dan Toe Brakhial Indeks (TBI) adalah test non invasif terbukti sensitive dan spesifik untuk mendeteksi beratnya penyakit arteri perifer.Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan derajat Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) Asimtomatis dengan beratnya Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) stabilMetode : Dilakukan studi potong lintang pada tujuh puluh tiga pasien PJK stabil yang menjalani angiografi koroner. Derajat stenosis arteri coroner dinilai dengan skor Gensini > 40 (berat) dan < 40 (ringan-sedang). PAP dinilai dengan pemeriksaan ABI dan TBI dengan metode Oscillomtreic. Analisis menggunakan uji Spearman correlation test dan uji Pearson correlation test.Hasil : Proporsi PAP asimtomatis pada PJK stabil 47 pasien (64,4%). Nilai median ABI adalah 1,07 (kisaran 0,57-1,27), nilai rerata TBI adalah 0,57 (SB 0,155) dan nilai rerata skor Gensini adalah 46,60 (SB 33,64). Analisis bivariat ABI dengan skor Gensini menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi (r=-0,099, p 0,407) dan analis bivariate TBI dengan skor Gensini juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi (r= -0,153, p= 0,196)Simpulan : ABI dan TBI dengan metode Oscillometric tidak berkorelasi dengan derajat stenosis arteri koroner berdasarkan skor Gensini. ABI dan TBI tidak memiliki kemampuan yang baik untuk membedakan pasien PJK ringan-sedang dan berat berdasarkan skor Gensini.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction : Atherosclerosis is a diffuse disease process; in which damaged of a blood vessel will predict abnormalities in other blood vessels. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Toe Brachial Index (TBI) are non-invasive tests, which are proved to be sensitive and specific for detecting and assessing the severity of peripheral arterial disease.Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate of correlation between the degree Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAP) asymptomatic with the severity of stable coronary heart disease (CHD)Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted on seventy-three patients with stable CAD undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed using a GENSINI scoring system, which scores > 40 were considered severe and scores <40 were considered mild to moderate. Peripheral Arterial Disease was assessed by examination of ABI and TBI with oscillomtric method. Spearman correlation and Pearson correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the studied variables.Results : The proportion of asymptomatic CHD in stable PAP was 47 patients (64.4%). The median value of ankle brachial index was 1.07 (range from 0.57 to 1.27), the mean score of Toe Brachial Index (± 0.155) and the mean score of GENSINI was 46.60 (± 33.64). There was no significant correlation between ankle brachial index and Toe Brachial Index with the GENSINI score with p=0.407 (r = -0.099) and p= 0.196 (r = -0.153), respectively. Conclusion : The study revealed that ABI and TBI with oscillometric method were not correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis defined by the GENSINI score. ABI and TBI did not have a good potential to distinguish patients with mild-moderate and severe stable CHD based on the GENSINI scores.;Introduction : Atherosclerosis is a diffuse disease process; in which damaged of a blood vessel will predict abnormalities in other blood vessels. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Toe Brachial Index (TBI) are non-invasive tests, which are proved to be sensitive and specific for detecting and assessing the severity of peripheral arterial disease.Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate of correlation between the degree Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAP) asymptomatic with the severity of stable coronary heart disease (CHD)Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted on seventy-three patients with stable CAD undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed using a GENSINI scoring system, which scores > 40 were considered severe and scores <40 were considered mild to moderate. Peripheral Arterial Disease was assessed by examination of ABI and TBI with oscillomtric method. Spearman correlation and Pearson correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the studied variables.Results : The proportion of asymptomatic CHD in stable PAP was 47 patients (64.4%). The median value of ankle brachial index was 1.07 (range from 0.57 to 1.27), the mean score of Toe Brachial Index (± 0.155) and the mean score of GENSINI was 46.60 (± 33.64). There was no significant correlation between ankle brachial index and Toe Brachial Index with the GENSINI score with p=0.407 (r = -0.099) and p= 0.196 (r = -0.153), respectively. Conclusion : The study revealed that ABI and TBI with oscillometric method were not correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis defined by the GENSINI score. ABI and TBI did not have a good potential to distinguish patients with mild-moderate and severe stable CHD based on the GENSINI scores.;Introduction : Atherosclerosis is a diffuse disease process; in which damaged of a blood vessel will predict abnormalities in other blood vessels. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Toe Brachial Index (TBI) are non-invasive tests, which are proved to be sensitive and specific for detecting and assessing the severity of peripheral arterial disease.Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate of correlation between the degree Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAP) asymptomatic with the severity of stable coronary heart disease (CHD)Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted on seventy-three patients with stable CAD undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed using a GENSINI scoring system, which scores > 40 were considered severe and scores <40 were considered mild to moderate. Peripheral Arterial Disease was assessed by examination of ABI and TBI with oscillomtric method. Spearman correlation and Pearson correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the studied variables.Results : The proportion of asymptomatic CHD in stable PAP was 47 patients (64.4%). The median value of ankle brachial index was 1.07 (range from 0.57 to 1.27), the mean score of Toe Brachial Index (± 0.155) and the mean score of GENSINI was 46.60 (± 33.64). There was no significant correlation between ankle brachial index and Toe Brachial Index with the GENSINI score with p=0.407 (r = -0.099) and p= 0.196 (r = -0.153), respectively. Conclusion : The study revealed that ABI and TBI with oscillometric method were not correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis defined by the GENSINI score. ABI and TBI did not have a good potential to distinguish patients with mild-moderate and severe stable CHD based on the GENSINI scores.;Introduction : Atherosclerosis is a diffuse disease process; in which damaged of a blood vessel will predict abnormalities in other blood vessels. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Toe Brachial Index (TBI) are non-invasive tests, which are proved to be sensitive and specific for detecting and assessing the severity of peripheral arterial disease.Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate of correlation between the degree Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAP) asymptomatic with the severity of stable coronary heart disease (CHD)Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted on seventy-three patients with stable CAD undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed using a GENSINI scoring system, which scores > 40 were considered severe and scores <40 were considered mild to moderate. Peripheral Arterial Disease was assessed by examination of ABI and TBI with oscillomtric method. Spearman correlation and Pearson correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the studied variables.Results : The proportion of asymptomatic CHD in stable PAP was 47 patients (64.4%). The median value of ankle brachial index was 1.07 (range from 0.57 to 1.27), the mean score of Toe Brachial Index (± 0.155) and the mean score of GENSINI was 46.60 (± 33.64). There was no significant correlation between ankle brachial index and Toe Brachial Index with the GENSINI score with p=0.407 (r = -0.099) and p= 0.196 (r = -0.153), respectively. Conclusion : The study revealed that ABI and TBI with oscillometric method were not correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis defined by the GENSINI score. ABI and TBI did not have a good potential to distinguish patients with mild-moderate and severe stable CHD based on the GENSINI scores.;Introduction : Atherosclerosis is a diffuse disease process; in which damaged of a blood vessel will predict abnormalities in other blood vessels. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Toe Brachial Index (TBI) are non-invasive tests, which are proved to be sensitive and specific for detecting and assessing the severity of peripheral arterial disease.Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate of correlation between the degree Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAP) asymptomatic with the severity of stable coronary heart disease (CHD)Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted on seventy-three patients with stable CAD undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed using a GENSINI scoring system, which scores > 40 were considered severe and scores <40 were considered mild to moderate. Peripheral Arterial Disease was assessed by examination of ABI and TBI with oscillomtric method. Spearman correlation and Pearson correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the studied variables.Results : The proportion of asymptomatic CHD in stable PAP was 47 patients (64.4%). The median value of ankle brachial index was 1.07 (range from 0.57 to 1.27), the mean score of Toe Brachial Index (± 0.155) and the mean score of GENSINI was 46.60 (± 33.64). There was no significant correlation between ankle brachial index and Toe Brachial Index with the GENSINI score with p=0.407 (r = -0.099) and p= 0.196 (r = -0.153), respectively. Conclusion : The study revealed that ABI and TBI with oscillometric method were not correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis defined by the GENSINI score. ABI and TBI did not have a good potential to distinguish patients with mild-moderate and severe stable CHD based on the GENSINI scores., Introduction : Atherosclerosis is a diffuse disease process; in which damaged of a blood vessel will predict abnormalities in other blood vessels. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Toe Brachial Index (TBI) are non-invasive tests, which are proved to be sensitive and specific for detecting and assessing the severity of peripheral arterial disease.Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate of correlation between the degree Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAP) asymptomatic with the severity of stable coronary heart disease (CHD)Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted on seventy-three patients with stable CAD undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed using a GENSINI scoring system, which scores > 40 were considered severe and scores <40 were considered mild to moderate. Peripheral Arterial Disease was assessed by examination of ABI and TBI with oscillomtric method. Spearman correlation and Pearson correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the studied variables.Results : The proportion of asymptomatic CHD in stable PAP was 47 patients (64.4%). The median value of ankle brachial index was 1.07 (range from 0.57 to 1.27), the mean score of Toe Brachial Index (± 0.155) and the mean score of GENSINI was 46.60 (± 33.64). There was no significant correlation between ankle brachial index and Toe Brachial Index with the GENSINI score with p=0.407 (r = -0.099) and p= 0.196 (r = -0.153), respectively. Conclusion : The study revealed that ABI and TBI with oscillometric method were not correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis defined by the GENSINI score. ABI and TBI did not have a good potential to distinguish patients with mild-moderate and severe stable CHD based on the GENSINI scores.]"

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan penyakit arteri perifer (terutama critical limb ischemia) memiliki tingkat amputasi yang masih tinggi. Perkembangan teknik endovaskular memungkinkan tindakan revaskularisasi dengan tingkat keberhasilan yang tinggi dan komplikasi yang rendah dibandingkan operasi bypass.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan klinis 1 tahun setelah tindakan Percutaneus Transluminal Angioplasty dan distribusi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan klinis.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan penyakit arteri perifer yang menjalani tindakan PTA pada tahun 2008-2012 di Pelayanan Jantung Terpadu Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Pasien diikuti selama 1 tahun setelah tindakan PTA. Luaran yang dinilai pada penelitian ini adalah keberhasilan klinis dan limb salvage. Definisi keberhasilan klinis adalah tidak mengalami amputasi mayor, tidak terjadi restenosis, dan tidak mengalami nyeri berulang. Sedangkan tingkat limb salvage adalah proporsi pasien dengan plantar stand yang utuh setelah tindakan PTA.Hasil : Tindakan PTA dilakukan pada 43 pasien dengan diabetes tipe 2. Manifestasi paling sering adalah gangren (30.2%) dan luka iskemik (30.2%). Sedangkan 8(18.2%) pasien datang dengan nyeri pada istirahat dan 9(20.2%) pasien datang dengan klaudikasio. Selama 1 tahun, 3 pasien mengalami amputasi mayor, 3 pasien mengalami restenosis, dan 4 pasien mengalami nyeri berulang. Keberhasilan klinis untuk 1 tahun adalah 75% dan tingkat limb salvage selama 1 tahun adalah 90%. Pasien dengan diabetes terkendali dan CTO memiliki proporsi keberhasilan klinis yang lebih tinggi.Simpulan : Tindakan PTA pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan PAD memiliki keberhasilan klinis dan tingkat limb salvage yang cukup baik.Kata Kunci : Angioplasti; diabetes; critical limb ischemia; penyakit arteri perifer; PTA; limb Salvage

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ABSTRACT Background : Diabetic patient with PAD (especially critical limb ischemia) still have a high rate of limb amputation. The development in endovascular technique allows revascularization with high level of success and low complication compare to surgical (bypass).Objectives :The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome 1 year after PTA in type 2 diabetic patient with PAD.Methods : This was a retrospective cohort study, with 1 year follow up, to evaluate the clinical outcome of diabetic patients with PAD that has undergone PTA procedure in 2008-2012 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The main outcome measured were clinical success and limb salvage rate. Clinical success defined as no major amputation, no restenosis, and no reccurence pain after PTA. Limb salvage rate defined as proportion of patient with intact plantar stand after PTA.Results : PTA was performed in 43 patient with diabetes. In this study most frequent manifestation were gangren (30.2%) and ischemic wounds (30.2%), while 8 patients (18.2%) came with resting pain, and 9 patients (20.2%) have claudication. During one year follow up 3 patients (6.9%) had major amputation, 3 patients (6.9%) had restenosis, and 4 patients had resting pain reccurence. The clinical succes rate for one year is 75%, with limb salvage rate for 1 year is 90%. Patients with controlled diabetes and chronic total occlusion had a higher proportion of clinical success.Conclusion : PTA procedure for diabetic patient with PAD has good clinical outcome with high level of limb salvage rate.Keyword : Angioplasty; critical limb ischemia; diabetes; peripheral arterial disease; PTA; limb salvage"

"Latar Belakang : Penyakit arteri perifer PAP ekstremitas bawah merupakan salah satu komplikasi makrovaskular DM tipe 2 yang memiliki angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Proses inflamasi telah diketahui berperan dalam terjadinya PAP pada penyandang DM tipe 2. Rasio neutrofil limfosit atau neutrophil lymphocyte ratio NLR telah digunakan sebagai penanda inflamasi kronik. Sejauh penelusuran kepustakaan yang dilakukan, belum didapatkan studi yang meneliti hubungan antara NLR dengan kejadian PAP ekstremitas bawah pada penyandang DM tipe 2. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan antara NLR dengan kejadian PAP ekstremitas bawah pada penyandang DM tipe 2. Metodologi : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan subjek penyandang DM tipe 2 yang menjalani pemeriksaan ankle brachial index ABI di poliklinik divisi Metabolik Endokrin RSCM periode Oktober 2015 ndash; September 2016. Didapatkan 249 subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Dilakukan pengambilan data sekunder dari rekam medis mengenai data ABI, NLR, data demografik serta faktor perancu. Subjek dinyatakan menderita PAP ekstremitas bawah jika memiliki nilai ABI le; 0,9 dengan pemeriksaan probe Doppler. Data NLR kemudian dikategorikan berdasarkan median nilai NLR dan dicari hubungan nilai NLR dengan kejadian PAP ekstremitas bawah. Uji chi square digunakan untuk analisis bivariat dan regresi logistik digunakan untuk analisis multivariat. Hasil : Penyakit arteri perifer ekstremitas bawah ditemukan pada 36 subjek 14,5. Didapatkan nilai median NLR total sebesar 2,11. Nilai median NLR didapatkan lebih tinggi pada kelompok PAP daripada tanpa PAP 2,46 vs 2,04. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara nilai NLR ge; 2,11 dengan kejadian PAP ekstremitas bawah pada penyandang DM tipe 2 PR 2,46, 95 IK 1,23 ndash; 4,87; p=0,007. Dengan menggunakan uji regresi logistik, diketahui bahwa hipertensi merupakan variabel perancu. Simpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara rasio neutrofil limfosit dengan kejadian penyakit arteri perifer ekstremitas bawah pada penyandang DM tipe 2.

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Background : Lower extremity peripheral artery disease PAD is one of diabetic macrovascular complication which has high rate of morbidity and mortality. Chronic inflammation has been known to have a role in the pathogenesis of PAD in diabetic patient. Recently, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio NLR has been used as a marker of chronic inflammation. To the best of our knowledge, there are no prior studies about the relationship between NLR and PAD in type 2 diabetic patients.

Aim : To determine the relationship between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and lower extremity peripheral artery disease in type 2 diabetic patient.

Methods : This was a cross sectional study on 249 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent ankle brachial index ABI examination at Metabolic and Endocrinology Divison in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between October 2015 ndash September 2016. The data were retrospectively collected from medical record. Lower extremity peripheral artery disease was defined as having ABI value le 0,9 by probe Doppler. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio were categorized based on the median value and the relationship with lower extremity PAD were determined. Chi square test was used for bivariate analysis and logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis against confounding variables.

Result : Lower extremity peripheral artery disease was found in 36 subject 14,5. Median of NLR was 2,11. The median value of NLR was found higher in subjects with lower extremity PAD than without PAD 2,46 vs 2,04. There was an association between NLR value ge 2,11 and lower extremity PAD in type 2 diabetic patient p 0,007 PR 2,46 and 95 CI 1,23 ndash 4,87. By using logistic regression, it was known that hypertension was the confounding variable.

Conclusion : There is a relationship between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and lower extremity peripheral artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Aterosklerosis merupakan penyakit sistemik, bisa terjadi di seluruh pembuluh darah. Pada arteri karotis terjadi penebalan tunika intima yang dapat dideteksi menggunakan penunjang non invasif yaitu dengan ultasound. Pada tungkai dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan non invasif yaitu Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) dan Toe-Brachial Index (TBI) untuk mengetahui adanya penyakit arteri perifer, dengan asumsi bahwa adanya penurunan ABI atau TBI menunjukkan sudah ada stenosis. Berdasarkan hal ini diduga terdapat hubungan antara ABI dan TBI dengan Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT). Tujuan: Mendapatkan hubungan antara ABI dan TBI dengan CIMT. Metode: Dilakukan studi potong lintang pada 36 pasien diabetes tipe II. Dilakukan pemeriksaan ABI dan TBI bila memenuhi kriteria Penyakit Arteri Perifer, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan ultrasound untuk mengetahui ketebalan tunika intima karotis. Hubungan antara ABI dan TBI dengan CIMT dihitung dengan Spearman. Hasil: Rerata ABI yang diperoleh adalah 0,97 ± 0,15, rerata TBI 0,56 ± 0,1. Nilai tengah CIMT 0,96 (0,77 - 3,60). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara ABI dengan CIMT (r=-259, p=0,127) dan terdapat hubungan negatif bermakna antara TBI dengan CIMT (r=-0,47, p=0,004). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara ABI dengan CIMT. Terdapat hubungan negatif bermakna antara TBI dengan CIMT.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that can be found in all arteries. Carotid Intima Media Thickness can be measure with ultrasound. Peripheral Artery Disease can be assessed with Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) And Toe Brachial Index (TBI). Low ABI or TBI can detect stenosis on the lower extremity arteries. Objective:To determine correlation between Ankle Brachial Index And Toe Brachial Index With Carotid Intima Media Thickness Methods: A cross sectional study on type II diabetic patients. Peripheral artery were assessed with Ankle Brachial Index and Toe Brachial Index. Carotid Intima Media Thickness measured with ultrasound. Correlation between ABI and TBI with CIMT were calculated with Spearman correlation test. Results: Mean Ankle Brachial Index were 0,97 ± 0,15, mean Toe Brachial Index 0,56 ± 0,1. Median of Carotid Intima Media Thickness 0,96 (0,77 - 3,60). Correlation between ABI with CIMT (r=-259, p=0,127) and TBI with CIMT (r=-0,47, p=0,004) Conclusions:There were no correlation between Ankle Brachial Index with Carotid Intima Media Thickness. There were negative correlation between Toe Brachial Index with Carotid Intima Media Thickness."