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"The intent of this paper is to search for the significant landscape design elements of classical Roman Villa Suburbana appeared at the beginning of the first century A.D. Pliny the Younger was one of Roman statesman who was famous with his publications of nine books of literary letters. Among his letter were detail descriptions of the Laurentine Villa and the Tuscan Villa. These two villas are one of the oldest sources of information to study the evolvement and give influence to the history of garden design. This paper begins with the discussion of who is Pliny and how his letters are so important to the history of garden design. Then, it will continue with interpreting Pliny's letters for the Laurentine Villa and the Tuscan Villas, learning how the landscape context, the villas, the relationships between the villa and the garden, and the significant elements of the gardens are organized."

"Rumah Panggung lahan basah umumnya memiliki dua jenis rumah panggung yaitu Rumah Bantaran Sungai dan Rumah Tepi Sungai. Rumah Bantaran Sungai (RBS) merupakan rumah panggung yang pondasinya berada di area aliran sungai sedangkan Rumah Tepi Sungai (RTS) merupakan rumah yang pondasinya berada di area rawa tenang berair. Pada pengamatan awal terlihat bahwa kualitas fisik dari RBS kurang baik jika dibandingkan dengan RTS. Penelitian ini kemudian bertujuan untuk mencari tahu bagaimana ketahanan dari segi struktur, material serta kemudahan dalam teknik konstruksi dan perawatan yang digunakan masyarakat setempat pada dua jenis rumah panggung ini dalam menghadapi kondisi lahan basah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis pengujian laboratorium pada bagian sambungan kayu dan simulasi keandalan bangunan secara digital pada bagian keseluruhan konstruksi. Pada hasil penelitian ini ditemukan RBS dan RTS memiliki perbedaan pada bagian konstruksi pondasi dan jenis sambungan yang digunakan. RBS menggunakan pondasi cerucuk Kayu Galam dengan sambungan Pen-Lobang sedangkan RTS menggunakan pondasi tiang menerus Kayu Galam yang disambung dengan Kayu Ulin menggunakan sambungan Kayu Lidah. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa konstruksi pada RBS ternyata memiliki daya tahan yang lebih baik dari RTS. Hal ini disebabkan kondisi alam RTS yang berada diatas arus sungai menuntut masyarakat menggunakan konstruksi yang lebih memudahkan saat proses konstruksi. Secara keseluruhan ketahanan pada rumah panggung masih bisa dikatakan baik dikarenakan material kayu yang digunakan sangat cocok dengan kondisi Lahan Basah.

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Wetland stilt houses generally have two types of stilt houses, namely the Riverbank House and the Riverside House. The Riverside House (RBS) is a stilt house whose foundation is in a watershed area, while the Riverside House (RTS) is a stilt house whose foundation is in a non-tidal swamp area. At the initial observation, it was seen that the physical quality of the RBS was not as good as RTS. This study then aims to find out how the durability in terms of structure, material, and ease of construction and maintenance techniques used by the local community in these two types of stilt houses in dealing with wetland conditions. This research is quantitative empirical research using laboratory test analysis methods on the wood joints section and digital simulation of building reliability in the overall construction section. In the results of this study, it was found that RBS and RTS had differences in the foundation construction section and the type of connection used. RBS uses the Galam Wood cerucuk foundation with a pin-hole wood joint while the RTS uses a continuous pile foundation of Galam wood which is connected to Ulin Wood using a joint called Kayu Lidah. From the test results, it was found that the construction on RBS turned out to have better durability than RTS. This is due to the natural condition of the RTS which is above the river flow, which requires the community to use construction that makes it easier during the construction process. Overall, the durability of the stilt house is categorized in good condition because the wood material used is very suitable for Wetland conditions."

"Kisah cerita yang terdapat di dalam novel Umare Izuru Nayami merupakan ungkapan pengarang Arishima Takeo akan penderitaan-penderitaan apa saja yang dialami seorang seniman dalam mencapai cita-cita hidup yang harmonis. Hal yang dapat menimbulkan penderitaan ini dapat disebabkan karena pada dasarnya dunia seni dan dunia nyata tidak senantiasa searah, karena tidak selamanya kedua hal itu dapat mendukung satu sama lain."

"Catalogue of an exhibition held at Vancouver Art Gallery, Feb. 5-Apr. 4, 1994; Centre canadien d'architecture, Montreal, Sept. 20, 1994-Jan 29, 1995; and the Carleton University Art Gallery, Ottawa, Aug. 6-Oct. 29, 1995."