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"Pemillihan ukuran gigi anterior atas yang tepat saat pembuatan gigi tiruan sehingga menghasilkan penampilan yang baik secara estetik, merupakan suatu tantangan. Terdapat berbagai metode untuk menentukan lebar gigi anterior atas apabila tidak tersedianya catatan pra-ekstraksi. Meskipun sejumlah metode telah dikemukakan, cara penentuan lebar gigi anterior atas yang tepat masih belum dapat dipastikan, khususnya lebar gigi insisif sentral atas dan lebar enam gigi anterior atas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah jarak bizygomatik, jarak interkomisural, jarak interalar, jarak intercanthal dan jarak interpupil dapat digunakan sebagai panduan untuk pemilihan lebar gigi anterior atas pada populasi di Jakarta. Subjek berjumlah 100 orang (30 laki-laki dan 70 perempuan) dengan rentang usia 18-35 tahun, dipilih berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Digunakan alat modifikasi Trubyte dengan milimeter blok yang dicetak pada plastik transparan untuk pengukuran wajah. Jangka kaliper digunakan untuk mengukur lebar gigi anterior atas. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis statistik menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lebar enam gigi anterior atas maupun lebar gigi insisif sentral atas tidak berkorelasi terhadap jarak bizygomatik, jarak interkomisural, jarak intercanthal, jarak interpupil. Jarak interkomisural berkorelasi terhadap jarak bizygomatik, jarak interalar, jarak intercanthal dan jarak interpupil secara signifikan. Dengan segala keterbatasan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa lebar enam gigi anterior atas dan lebar gigi insisif sentral atas hanya berkorelasi terhadap jarak interalar dan jenis kelamin.

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Selection of appropriate size of the maxillary anterior teeth for dentures to provide an esthetically pleasing appearance is a challenge. Various guidelines have been suggested for determining the width of the maxillary anterior teeth when pre extraction records are not available. In spite of numerous methods available, the establishment of correct selection of the width of the maxillary anterior teeth has not been defined yet, especially the width of maxillary central incisor and the width of six anterior teeth.

A clinical study was conducted to determine whether bizygomatic width, intercommissural distance, interalar distance, intercanthal distance and interpupillary distance can be used as a guide for selection of width of maxillary anterior teeth of Jakarta population. A total of 100 subjects (30 males and 70 females) of 18-35 years were selected, based on predetermined selection criteria. A modified Trubyte with millimeter block imprints on a transparent sheet was constructed and used for the measurements. A caliper was used for measuring the width of maxillary anterior teeth. The data were statistically analyzed using the Pearson Correlation.

The results of this study showed that the width of six maxillary anterior teeth and the width of maxillary central incisor were not correlated with the bizygomatic width, intercommissural distance, intercanthal distance and interpupillary distance. The intercommissural distance was significantly correlated with bizygomatic width, interalar distance, intercanthal distance and interpupillary distance. Within the limitations of the study it can be concluded that the width of six maxillary anterior teeth and the width of maxillary central incisor were correlated only with interalar distance and sex variable."

"Latar belakang: Penggunaan alat ortodonti lepas dapat menyebabkan retensi plak dan bakteri yang menyebabkan menurunnya derajat keasaman saliva. Agen anti mikroba diperlukan untuk mengurangi jumlah plak dan bakteri tersebut. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas perendaman alat ortodonti lepas dengan bahan pembersih gigi tiruan terhadap perubahan pH saliva pada pasien di RSGM-P FKG UI. Metode: Dua puluh subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok K1 dan K2 dilakukan perendaman alat ortodonti lepas menggunakan aquabides untuk kelompok (K1) dan larutan bahan pembersih gigi tiruan untuk kelompok (K2). Perendaman dilakukan 5 menit selama 4 hari berturut-turut. Subjek diinstruksikan membersihkan alat ortodonti lepas dua kali sehari dan mengurangi konsumsi makanan manis, asam, dan soda. Dilakukan pengukuran pH saliva pada awal dan hari kelima pemakaian alat ortodonti lepas. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisa statistik uji t, perubahan pH saliva sebelum dan setelah alat ortodonti lepas direndam dengan aquabides dan bahan pembersih gigi tiruan menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dengan nilai p < 0,01. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bahan pembersih gigi tiruan efektif membersihkan plak dan bakteri serta menjaga kestabilan pH saliva. Kesimpulan: Perendaman alat ortodonti lepas menggunakan bahan pembersih gigi tiruan efektif menjaga kestabilan pH saliva di rongga mulut pada pasien pengguna alat ortodonti lepas.

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Background: The usage of removable orthodontic appliance can cause plaque retention and bacterias can decrease pH level of saliva. Antimicrobial agent is needed to reduce the number of plaque and bacterias.

Aim: To know the submersion’s effectivity of removable orthodontic appliances with prothese’s cleansing agent towards patient’s alteration of pH saliva in RSGMP-FKG UI.

Methods: Twenty subjects are divided into two groups, K1 and K2. For group K1, removable orthodontic appliances is submerged in aquadest and prothese’s cleansing agent for group K2 for five minutes and four days (once per day). Subjects are instructed to clean removable appliance twice per day and to reduce the consumption of sweet and sour dietary and soda. The measurement of pH saliva is done on the first and the fifth day of removable orthodontics appliance’s usage.

Result: Based on statistic analysis, the alteration of pH level of saliva percentage after removable orthodontic appliance is submerged with aquadest and Polident prothese’s cleansing agent show a significant result with p<0.01. It shows that the prothese`s cleaning agents is effective for plaque and bacterical cleaning and keep the pH level of saliva`s normally.

Conclusion: Removable orthodontic appliance submersion using prothese’s cleansing agent is effective to maintain pH level of saliva’s stability in normal condition."

"Perawatan ortodontik terus berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan tuntutan masyarakat. Fasial merupakan bagian yang penting bagi manusia, demikian pula dengan profil fasial sehubungan dengan kebutuhan estetis. Pertimbangan perawatan ortodontik terkait erat dengan perubahan jaringan lunak profil fasial. Dibutuhkan perangkat yang relatif sederhana dan terjangkau secara luas untuk memprakirakan perubahan fasial dan menjelaskannya kepada pasien. Tujuan: Memperoleh cara memprakirakan perubahan jaringan lunak profil fasial pasien pasca perawatan ortodontik yang terjangkau secara luas. Tempat dan Waktu: Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Ortodonti dan Klinik Radiologi Kedokteran Gigi, Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, bulan November 2010 sampai dengan September 2011. Metode: Radiograf sefalometri lateral standar sebelum dan sesudah perawatan dari 133 paseien pasca perawatan ortodontik sejak tahun 1995 sampai dengan tahun 2005, yang diambil secara konsekutif. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan pada 29 radiograf sefalometri untuk mengevaluasi keandalan (reliability) pengukuran dan kesahihan (validity) metode pengukuran menggunakan uji Bland-Altman. Penapakan dan pengukuran terhadap landmarks dilakukan secara manual pada radograf sefalometri analog dan secara digital pada radiograf sefalometri yang telah didigitasi menggunakan alat pindai Medi 2000. Penapakan dan pengukuran secara manual menggunakan pinsil mekanik dan kaliper digital, serta piranti lunak Adobe Photoshop Extended CS4 untuk penapakan dan pengukuran digital. Penelitian kedua untuk memperoleh formula indeks perubahan jaringan lunak profil fasial lateral, melalui analisis uji t, analisis korelasi dan regresi linier terhadap landmarks jaringan lunak, jaringan keras, ketebalan jaringan lunak, posisi gigi, serta faktor risiko terkait. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji manova untuk memperoleh indeks tiap titik jaringan lunak profil fasial setelah perawatan ortodonti. Hasil: Uji reliabilitas dan validitas pengukuran pada penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pengukuran manual dan digital. Pada penelitian kedua terdapat perubahan pada landmarks jaringan lunak: Labrale superior, Stomion superior, Stomion inferior, Labrale mental, dan Pogonion. Pada komponen dento-kraniofasial terdapat perubahan pada: jaringan keras titik A, ketebalan Labrale superior, ketebalan Pogonion, posisi geligi insisif sentral atas, insisif sentral bawah, molar atas dan molar bawah. Dari analisis regresi linier diperoleh formula indeksperubahan jaringan lunak profil fasial lateral pasca perawatan ortodontik. Dari uji manova diperoleh formulasi indeks perubahantiap titik yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan jaringan lunak profil fasial. Kesimpulan: Indeks perubahan jaringan lunak profil fasial pasca perawatan ortodontik dapat dilakukan melalui pengukuran radiograf sefalometri yang telah didigitasi, dengan menggunakan piranti lunak yang tersedia secara umum, menggunakan formulasi hasil analisis terhadap jaringan lunak, komponen dento-kraniofasial, komponen karakteristik dan komponen perawatan. Indeks ini dapat digunakan secara luas, sekaligus untuk menjelaskan perubahan jaringan lunak pada pasien.

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Orthodontic treatment continues to develop along with the community demand. Facial is an important part of human body, as well as facial profile with respect to aesthetic needs. Orthodontic treatment considerations are associated with changes in soft tissue facial profile. It requires a relative simple and easy method to predict changes in patient?s facial profile and to explain possible treatment result to the patient.

Objective: The aim of this study is to obtain the method to predict patient?s facial profile soft tissue changes after orthodontic treatment.

Time and place of study: The study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics and the Dento-maxillofacial Radiology Clinic, Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, from November 2010 to September 2011.

Method: Good quality standard lateral cephalometric radiographs before and after treatment of 133 patients who had completed the orthodontic treatment from 1995 until 2005, were consecutively taken from the medical records. The study was conducted in two stages. The preliminary study on 29 radiographs that aimed to evaluate the reliability and the validity of measurement as the intra and inter observer agreement value, using the Bland-Altman test. Tracing of landmarks and measurements are carried out manually and digitally on lateral cephalometric radiograph that had been digitized using the Medi2000 scan tool. Tracing and measurements manually using mechanical pencil and digital calipers. Digital tracing and measurements were performed by the image-editing using the Adobe Photoshop CS4 Extended software. The second as the main study was to obtain index of the lateral soft tissue facial profile, using t test, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis of the soft and hard tissue landmarks, the soft tissue thickness, position of the teeth, as well as the related risk factors. Manova test were then performed to obtain the index of each soft tissue facial profile landmark points after treatment.

Results: Reliability and validity test of the measurements on preliminary research showed no significant differences between the manual and digital measurements. In the main study there were changes of the soft tissue landmarks: superior Labrale, Stomion superior, Stomion inferior, Labrale mental, and Pogonion. In the dento-craniofacial components there were changes in: hard tissue A-point, the thickness of the Superior Labrale, Pogonion thickness, position of the upper and lower central incisivus, upper and lower anchorage molars. The index of the lateral soft tissue facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment, the index of the lateral soft tissue facial profile landmark points during treatment were obtained. The manova test on the twelve landmark points were then performed to obtain the index of the each soft tissue facial profile points.

Conclusions: The index of the soft tissue facial profile after fixed orthodontic treatment could be acquired from digitized lateral cephalometric radiograph, using the available and common image editing software. The index formulation consist of the analysis of the soft tissues, dento-craniofacial components, characteristics components and treatment components. This index could then be used widely, as well as be used to explain the possible alterations in soft tissue after orthodontic treatment to the patient."

"Terlepasnya pasak tuang karena fitness yang tidak baik terhadap permukaan saluran akar, menyebabkan retensi pasak tidak optimal. Penelitian ini adalah suatu kwasi eksperimental laboratorik yang membandingkan akurasi pola pasak resin akrilik dan pola pasak inlay wax berdasarkan waktu penyimpanan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap celah marginal antara master die dengan spesimen menggunakan Electric Measuring Microscope MM-40 Nikon. Waktu penyimpanan yang diamati adalah 15 menit, 30 menit dan 24 jam. Secara deskriptif terbukti kontraksi inlay wax lebih besar dibandingkan kontraksi resin akrilik. Hasil uji ANOVA 2 arah menunjukkan interaksi antara waktu penyimpanan dan jenis bahan pola, sedangkan hasil ANOVA 1 arah menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar waktu penyimpanan masing-masing bahan pola pada P 0.000. Hasil uji Limit Significant Difference pada masing-masing bahan pola menyimpulkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antar waktu penyimpanan, sedangkan uji menyimpulkan pula perbedaan bermakna pada masing-masing waktu penyimpanan antara kedua bahan pola. Disimpulkan akurasi pola pasak resin akrilik lebih baik dibandingkan pola pasak inlay wax."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu bagian dalam menentukan diagnosis dan rencana perawatan ortodonti adalah analisis profil jaringan lunak pasien. E-line & Profil wajah merupakan metode yang dapat dipakai dalam menentukan profil jaringan lunak. Pengukuran E-line dan Profil Wajah dinyatakan dapat dilakukan antara Sefalogram dan foto Ekstra Oral. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan posisi Ls, Li dari E-line dan Profil Wajah pada Sefalogram dan foto Ekstra Oral. Metode Penelitian: Didapatkan 55 sampel penelitian berupa Sefalogram lateral dan foto Ekstra Oral lateral. Dilakukan tabulasi data dan diuji komparatif sederhana dengan Chi-square untuk membandingkan posisi Ls, Li dari E-line dan Profil Wajah pada sefalogram dan foto ekstra oral. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna untuk posisi Ls terhadap garis E-line antara Sefalogram dan foto Ekstra Oral (p< 0,05), terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna untuk posisi Li terhadap garis E-line antara Sefalogram dan foto Ekstra Oral (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna untuk Profil Wajah antara Sefalogram dan foto Ekstra Oral (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Posisi Ls, Li dari E-line dan Profil Wajah pada Sefalogram dan foto Ekstra Oral adalah berbeda.ABSTRACTBackground: Factors in determining the diagnosis and orthodontic treatment plan is the analysis of soft tissue profile of the patient. E-line measurement and profile can be done in the face of otherwise sefalogram and extra-oral photos. Purpose: To determine differences in position Ls, Li from E-line and soft tissue profile on sefalogram and extra-oral photos. Methods: There were 55 samples of research in the form of sefalogram lateral and lateral extra-oral photos. Conducted a comparative tabulation of the data and then tested with Chi-square to compare the position Ls, Li from E-line and soft tissue profile on sefalogram and extra-oral photos. Results: There were significant differences Ls position to the line E-line at sefalogram and extra-oral photograph (p <0.05), there were significant differences Li position to the line E-line at sefalogram and extra-oral photograph (p <0.05 ), there were significant differences in the facial profile and photo sefalogram extra-oral (p <0.05). Conclusion: The position Ls, Li from E-line and soft tissue profile on sefalogram and extra-oral photograph is different.;Background: Factors in determining the diagnosis and orthodontic treatment plan is the analysis of soft tissue profile of the patient. E-line measurement and profile can be done in the face of otherwise sefalogram and extra-oral photos. Purpose: To determine differences in position Ls, Li from E-line and soft tissue profile on sefalogram and extra-oral photos. Methods: There were 55 samples of research in the form of sefalogram lateral and lateral extra-oral photos. Conducted a comparative tabulation of the data and then tested with Chi-square to compare the position Ls, Li from E-line and soft tissue profile on sefalogram and extra-oral photos. Results: There were significant differences Ls position to the line E-line at sefalogram and extra-oral photograph (p <0.05), there were significant differences Li position to the line E-line at sefalogram and extra-oral photograph (p <0.05 ), there were significant differences in the facial profile and photo sefalogram extra-oral (p <0.05). Conclusion: The position Ls, Li from E-line and soft tissue profile on sefalogram and extra-oral photograph is different., Background: Factors in determining the diagnosis and orthodontic treatment plan is the analysis of soft tissue profile of the patient. E-line measurement and profile can be done in the face of otherwise sefalogram and extra-oral photos. Purpose: To determine differences in position Ls, Li from E-line and soft tissue profile on sefalogram and extra-oral photos. Methods: There were 55 samples of research in the form of sefalogram lateral and lateral extra-oral photos. Conducted a comparative tabulation of the data and then tested with Chi-square to compare the position Ls, Li from E-line and soft tissue profile on sefalogram and extra-oral photos. Results: There were significant differences Ls position to the line E-line at sefalogram and extra-oral photograph (p <0.05), there were significant differences Li position to the line E-line at sefalogram and extra-oral photograph (p <0.05 ), there were significant differences in the facial profile and photo sefalogram extra-oral (p <0.05). Conclusion: The position Ls, Li from E-line and soft tissue profile on sefalogram and extra-oral photograph is different.]"

"Inflamasi gingiva adalah kondisi patologis yang paling sering disebabkan oleh plak bakteri.Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) adalah immunoglobulin yang menonjol pada saliva dan merupakan mekanisme pertahanan spesifik utama rongga mulut.Secretory immunoglobulin A meningkat jika terdapat stimulus imunologi lokal, salah satunya adalah alat ortodonti cekat.Pada penggunaan alat ortodonti cekat juga terjadi peningkatan akumulasi plak dan inflamasi gingiva. Penelitian mengenai hubungan sIgA dengan inflamasi gingiva menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kadar sIgA saliva dan inflamasi gingiva pada anak yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat. Sampel saliva didapatkan dari 16 anak yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat dengan inflamasi gingiva dan 16 yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat tanpa inflamasi gingiva. Seluruh subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan Gingival Index untuk menilai inflamasi gingiva,dan sample saliva diukur kadar sIgAnya dengan ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif lemah tidak bermakna antara kadar sIgA saliva dan inflamasi gingiva pada anak yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat (r =0,282 p=0.290). Semakin tinggi kadar sIgA saliva pada anak yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat, maka semakin tinggi inflamasi gingivanya.

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Gingival Inflammation is a pathologic condition that often caused by bacterial plaque. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the main immunoglobulin in saliva and specific defense mechanism in oral cavity.Secretory immunoglobulin A is stimulated by local immune factor. Orthodontic fixed appliance is one of the local factor. Fixed appliance may increase the value of plaque and gingival inflammation. Research about correlation between sIgA level and gingival inflammation shows vary results. This study aimed to analyze correlation between salivary sIgA and gingival inflammation in children with fixed ortodontic appliance.Saliva samples were collected from 32 children with ortodontic appliance. Sixteen of them have gingival inflammation, and 16 of them have no gingival inflammation. Gingival Index were examined and use ELISA to asses salivary sIgA level. The study showed there is weak and not significant positive correlation between salivary sIgA level and gingival inflammation in children with orthodontic appliance (r =0,282 p=0.290)."

"In orthodontics, functional appliance can be used as a preliminary appliance in treating class II malocclusion with retruded mandible. This type of removable appliance needs patient's full cooperation. However, there is one type of a fixed functional appliance, known as : Herbst Appliance, which was introduced by Herbst in 1909 and was redeveloped by Pancherz in 1979. By using this appliance, the treatment period is much shorter compared to that of other removable functional appliances and the results is more effective. This telescopic mechanism principle produces posterior forces to maxillary dentoalveolar complex and anterior forces to mandibular dentoalveolar complex. The expected effect of the treatment is longer mandible, distal movement of upper molars, mesial movement of lower molars, higher vertical dimension and a decrease of profile convexity. Based on those facts, in treating class II malocclusion-division I or II - a Herbst appliance might be taken into consideration."

"Aplikasi gaya ortodonti terhadap aktivitas laktat dehidrogenase dalam saliva. Pergerakan gigi secara ortodonti menghasilkan gaya-gaya mekanik pada jaringan periodontal dan tulang alveolar. Gaya-gaya mekanik ini berhubungan dengan respon awal pada jaringan periodontium and terjadi banyak perubahan-perubahan metabolik. Salah satu perubahan metabolik yang dapat terjadi adalah peningkatan aktivitas enzim laktat dehidrogenase yang dapat dideteksi dalam saliva. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara pemberian gaya ortodonti dan aktivitas laktat dehidrogenase dalam saliva serta jarak pergerakan gigi. Metode: Penelitian ini mengunakan 140 sampel saliva dari 20 subjek, yaitu saliva yang diambil sebelum pencabutan gigi premolar, sebelum penarikan gigi kaninus rahang atas, 1, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari setelah penarikan gigi kaninus dengan gaya ortodonti interruptedsebesar 100g. Hasil: Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara aktivitas laktat dehidrogenase dengan durasi pemberian gaya (F=11,926; p=0,000). Perbedaan bermakna juga ditunjukkan pada waktu sebelum dilakukan penarikan gigi kaninus dengan kelompok waktu 14 dan 28 hari. Terdapat kemaknaan antara regio penarikan berpengaruh terhadap jarak pergerakan (F=7,377; p=0,007), dan terdapat pengaruh antara durasi pemberian gaya terhadap jarak pergerakan gigi (F=66,554; p=0,000). Perbedaan bermakna diperlihatkan antara kelompok sebelum penarikan gigi kaninus terhadap kelompok 1, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari setelah penarikan gigi kaninus. Simpulan: Aplikasi gaya ortodonti pada gigi kaninus dapat meningkatkan jarak pergerakan gigi dan aktivitas laktat dehidrogenase dalam saliva."

"Pendahuluan: NiTi closed coil springmerupakan salah satu alat ortodonti yang digunakan untuk retraksi gigi pada perawatan ortodonti. Gaya yang dihasilkan oleh NiTi closed coil spring pada beberapa penelitian telah terbukti lebih baik dibandingkan rantai elastomerik maupun SS (Stainless steel) closed coil spring. , karena degradasi gayanya paling rendah.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan besar penurunangaya beberapa merk NiTi closed coil springsetelah diregangkan pada jarak dan dalam kurun waktu tertentuBahan dan cara: Pada penelitian ini digunakan 60 NiTi closed coil spring yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok dengan jarak peregangan 18 mm dan 27 mm.Kelompok merk 3M, Ortho One dan Versaden masing-masing 10 buah pada masing-masing jarak peregangan. Peregangan dilakukan selama 4 minggu, gaya awal diukur pada saat insersi dan gaya akhir diukur setelah 4 minggu. Hasil: Penelitian memperlihatkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada gaya awal dan gaya akhir antar kelompok baik pada kedua jarak peregangan dan juga perbedaan signifikan pada gaya awal dengan gaya akhir pada masing-masing dan antar kelompokKesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan nilai gaya awal dan gaya akhir pada semua merk NiTi closed coil spring yang diregangkan pada jarak dan waktu tertentu.

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Introduction: NiTi closed coil spring is an orthodontic appliance which applied to performed tooth retraction in orthodontic treatment. The forces produces by NiTi closed coil spring in many studies has been proven to be superior compared to elastomeric chain and stainless steel closed coil spring. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the force degradation within few NiTi closed coil brand toward different distance and time. Materials and method:There were 60 NiTi closed coil spring used in this study, which devide into 3 grups toward distance of 18 mm dan 27 mm. There are 3 group consist of 3M, Ortho One and Versaden each consist 10 piece within different distance. The object is soaked within 4 weeks period. Initial force is measure during insertion and final force is measure after 4 weeks.Results:This study showed that there are significance different in initial force and final force within groups in both streching distance. There are also significance different between initial force and final force within groups Conclusions:There are difference in initial and final force within all brand of NiTi closed coil spring that strech toward certain distance and time."

"Impaction of the permanent maxillary canine is a relative common problem in orthodontic and paedodontic practice. The diagnostic of canine impaction depends upon through understanding of clinical and radiological examination. There are several approaches available for the treatment of these cases. Combination of surgical intervention and orthodontic treatment is one of the choices. The purpose of this case report is to present a case management of a maxillary permanent canine impaction located in the labial surface with vertical position in an 11 years old child. This impacted teeth was brought into the normal position by a combination of surgery and fixed orthodontic treatment."