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"Salah satu ikan yang digemari masyarakat Indonesia adalah ikan kembung. Ikan kembung merupakan ikan pelagis kecil. Tetapi pada umumnya ikan kembung tertangkap oleh purse seine. Hasil penangkapan kurun waktu 2008-20013 mempunyai fluktuasi yang cenderung menurun. Hal ini di sebabkan usaha penangkapan tersebut meningkat, terutama semakin banyaknya upaya penangkapan mini purse seine. Sehingga apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik akan mengancam kelestariannya oleh karena itu dibuatlah penelitian ini berupa telaah aspek biologi ikan kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta) di Laut Jawa yang di daratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah. Metode penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan mengumpulkan data primer dilakukan untuk memperoleh data aspek biologi ikan kembung yaitu dengan mendata panjang ikan, berat ikan, jenis kelamin dan tingkat kematangan gonad. Data sekunder diperoleh dari statistik PPN Pekalongan dan data pendukung lainnya. Dari hasil analisis aspek produksi dan biologi di ketahui puncak penangkapan ikan kembung terjadi pada Musim Timur, pola pertumbuhan bersifat alometrik negatif berarti pertumbuhan panjang lebih cepat daripada pertumbuhan berat ikan. Sedangkan frekuensi ikan kembung 11,0 -17,9 cm yang di dominasi oleh distribusi panjang 14,0-14,9 cm. Nisbah kelamin diketemukan hampir seimbang yaitu jantan 55 % dan betina 45 %. Ukuran panjang cagak di ketemukan 17,10 cm sedangkan pertama kali ikan kembung tertangkap sebesar 14,37 cm dengan demikian rekruitmennya negatif. Dengan demikian pengelolaan ikan kembung di Laut Jawa ini sangat perlu diperhatikan antara lain dengan melaksanakan penegakan hukum Kepmen no.6 tahun 2010 tentang Alat Penangkapan Ikan di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan berarti meningkatkan selektivitas alat tangkap mini purse seine dengan memakai ukuran mata jaring 3 inci, selanjutnya membatasi upaya penangkapan mini purse seine yang memadai sehingga tidak terjadi over fishing.

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One of the fish is a popular Indonesian society is mackerel. Mackerel is a small pelagic fish. But in general mackerel caught by purse seine. Catches of 2008-20013 period fluctuations have tended to decline. This is caused the increased fishing effort, especially the increasing number of mini purse seine fishing effort. So if it is not managed properly will threaten its sustainability therefore made this research is the study of the biological aspects of mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in the Java Sea Fishing Port in daratkan in Nusantara Pekalongan, Central Java.

The research method was conducted by collecting primary data is done to obtain data on the biological aspects mackerel with record fish length, fish weight, sex and degree of maturity of gonads. Secondary data were obtained from the VAT statistics Pekalongan and other supporting data.

From the analysis of the biological aspects of production and in the know peak fishing season bloating occurs in the East, the pattern of growth is negatively allometric mean length growth is faster than the growth of fish weight. While the frequency of mackerel 11.0 -17.9 cm is dominated by the distribution of 14.0 to 14.9 cm long. Found almost balanced sex ratio is 55% male and 45% female. Length of 17.10 cm forked in found while first mackerel caught by 14.37 cm thus recruitment was negative. Thus mackerel management in the Java Sea is very necessary to be considered include the carrying out law enforcement Decree No.6 of 2010 on Fishing Tool in Regional Fisheries Management means improving the selectivity of fishing gear using a mini purse seine mesh size of 3 inches, further limiting mini purse seine fishing effort sufficient so that does not happen over fishing."

"Ikan kembung lelaki (Rastrelliger kanagurta) merupakan sumberdaya ikan pelagis ekonomis penting di wilayah Labuan Kabupaten Pandeglang. Sekitar 60% produksi perikanan berasal dari ikan pelagis kecil yang termasuk ikan kembung lelaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran ukuran panjang total, hubungan panjang-berat, pola pertumbuhan, panjang pertama kali tertangkap dan kebiasaan makanan. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei, Juni dan Juli 2012 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Labuan, Pandeglang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara. Hasil tangkapan ikan kembung lelaki (Rastrelliger kanagurta) merupakan ikan dominan keempat (9%) setelah ikan tembang (24%), tongkol (16%) dan kurisi (11%) yang didaratkan di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Penangkapan ikan kembung lelaki oleh nelayan Labuan dilakukan dengan mengunakan jaring lingkar, jaring insang dan payang. Dari hasil pengukuran ikan kembung lelaki sebanyak 168 ekor dengan ukuran panjang total 130 - 270 mm dengan rata-rata panjang total 184,59 mm dan modus 170 - 174 mm. Berat ikan kembung lelaki berkisar 16 - 210 g dengan rata-rata berat 69,59 g, sedangkan ukuran pertama kali tertangkap 183,4 mm. Pertumbuhan ikan kembung lelaki bersifat allometrik positif. Jumlah telur ikan kembung berkisar antara 39.300 - 324.800 butir. Makanannya terdiri dari plankton yang didominasi fitoplankton dari marga Nitzschia, Thalassiosira dan Thalassiothrix. Sedangkan untuk zooplankton didominasi Stomatopoda, Acetes zoea dan Calanoida (Copepoda). Musim pemijahan ikan kembung lelaki diduga pada bulan Juni.

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Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is an economically important pelagic fish resources in Labuan Pandeglang. About 60% of fish production comes from small pelagic fish including Indian mackerel. This study aims to determine the composition of Indian mackerel size distribution, length-weight correlation, growth, length at first capture and food habits of fish caught. Sampling in this research was conducted in May, June and July 2012 in Labuan fishing port.

Research methods used were observation and interviews. Indian mackerel catches (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is the dominant fish four (9%) after the sardine (24%), tuna (16%) and Japanese Treadfin-Bream (11%) were landed in the district Pandeglang. Catching Indian mackerel by Labuan fisherman done by using purse seine, gill nets and seine net.

From the measurement results as much as 168 Indian mackerel with a total length of 130-270 mm with an average total length of 184.59 mm and a modus of 170-174 mm. The weight range 16-210 g with an average weight of 69.59 g, was length at first capture by the size of 183.4 mm. Growth of Indian Mackerel is alometric positive. The number of eggs Indian mackerel ranged from 39.300 - 324.800 egg. Food consists of plankton to the type of cover for phytoplankton dominated types of Nitzschia, Thalassiosira and Thalassiothrix. As for the zooplankton dominated Stomatopoda, Acetes zoea and Calanoida (Copepods). Indian Mackerel spawning season suspected in June."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji aspek biologi panjang, bobot ikan, dan tingkat kematangan gonad ikan kembung lelaki terkait dengan parameter fisika suhu permukaan laut, kecerahan, dan arus dan kimia salinitas serta kesuburan perairan klorofil-a pada daerah penangkapan/fishing ground dalam upaya pengelolaan penangkapan ikan kembung di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2016-April 2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga titik fishing ground yaitu Batu Hideung, Sumur dan Panaitan. Pengukuran panjang, berat ikan, pembedahan untuk mengamati tingkat kematangan gonad serta pengukuran parameter fisika kimia perairan dilakukan secara in situ. Suhu permukaan laut pada lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 28.20-29.700C, Kecepatan arus 0.6-0.8 m/det, kecerahan 6-9 m, dan salinitas 30-32g/l. Nilai klorofil-a bulan Desember 0.13 mg/m3 kondisi fishing ground kurang subur, Februari-April nilai klorofil-a 0.9-2.0 mg/m3 yang mengindikasikan bahwa area fishing ground Batu Hideung dan Sumur dalam kondisi subur. Ikan kembung lelaki yang tertangkap dengan jaring rampus diperoleh nilai fork length antara 14-22 cm modus 18.3 cm. Ukuran ikan pertama kali tertangkap Lc adalah 17.17 cm. Hasil analisis hubungan panjang berat diperoleh nilai slope b ikan kembung jantan dalam kategori allometrik negatif dan ikan betina allometrik positif. Ukuran panjang pertama kali ikan matang gonad Lm sebesar 17.91 cm. Hasil analisis nilai Lc lebih rendah dibanding nilai Lm, hal ini berdampak negatif bagi kelestarian ikan kembung. Upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan kembung perlu dilakukan dengan cara mengatur dan mengawasi operasi penangkapan berdasarkan siklus pola pemijahan ikan kembung.

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The aim of this research was to study the relationship between biological aspects length, weight and gonad maturity level of Indian Mackerel and physical sea surface temperature, transparency, and current velocity , chemical parameters salinity and chlorophyll a of the fishing grounds in Pandeglang regency. The research was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017. Samplings were taken at three sites within the fishing grounds in Batu Hideung, Sumur and Panaitan. The measurement of length, weight, and surgery for gonad maturity level observation as well as physical chemical waters parameters measurement were conducted in situ. The sea surface temperature at the study site ranged from 28.20 29.700C, current velocity 0.6 0.8 m s, transparency 6 9 m, and salinity 30 32 g l. While the value of chlorophyll a in December was 0.13 mg m3, at which the fishing ground conditions were less fertile, the chlorophyll a value in February April ranged from 0.9 to 2.0 mg m3, indicating that the fishing grounds within Batu Hideung and Sumur were in fertile condition. The fork length Indian mackerel caught by a bottom gillnet was about 14 22 cm mode 18.3cm. The length of fish at first capture Lc was 17.17 cm. The value of slope b in the length weight relationship revealed that male Indian mackerel was in negative allometric while female Indian mackerel was still positive. Length at first maturity Lm was 17.91 cm. The value of Lc is lower than Lm, revealed that the fishing activity has negative impacts on sustainability of Indian mackerel. Efforts including arrangement and supervision of fishing operations based on the spawning patterns are needed to manage Indian mackerel resources."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian etnozoologi dan biologi reproduksi ikan lema, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) yang dilakukan selama satu tahun (Maret 2011--Februari 2012) di Teluk Mayalibit Kabupaten Raja Ampat, Papua Barat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rekomendasi bagi peningkatan pengelolaan perikanan lokal yang penting di Teluk Mayalibit. Teknik penangkapan yang digunakan masyarakat lokal untuk menangkap R. kanagurta disebut “balobe lema” merupakan suatu metode teknik penangkapan unik, yang memanfaatkan perilaku fototropisme ikan dengan menggiring ke tempat “susun batu” yang kemudian ditangkap dengan serok (“timba”). Teknik unik ini tidak merusak habitat dan selektivitas tinggi yang telah dikembangkan oleh nelayan lokal sejak 1983. Sampel biologi reproduksi yang dikumpulkan dari nelayan berjumlah 3.944 ekor yang diamati selama penelitian dari Maret 2011--Februari 2012. Data biologi reproduksi membuktikan bahwa ikan yang ditangkap sebagian besar mempunyai gonad yang dikelompokkan pada Tingkat Kematangan Gonad (TKG) IV (38,8% betina dan 50,4% jantan) dengan 39 buah gonad betina translucent (gonad dengan ovum yang siap dipijahkan/oocytes hydrated). Data TKG mengindikasikan bahwa pemijahan berlangsung sepanjang tahun di Teluk Mayalibit. Tiga indikator yang terdiri atas persentase TKG IV gonad betina, persentase gonad translucent, dan Gonad Somatic Index (GSI) menunjukkan bahwa puncak aktivitas pemijahan terjadi antara September--November. Dari perspektif pengelolaan, paradigma pengelolaan berbasis masyarakat dengan memasukkan pengetahuan lokal dan Hak Pemanfaatan Teritorial Perikanan (Territorial Use Right in Fisheries, TURFs) akan menjamin konsep perikanan refugia bagi stok ikan penting ini. Perikanan ini memerlukan pengawasan ketat terhadap potensi ancaman penangkapan pada skala yang lebih besar bagi spawning aggregation. Jika terjadi penangkapan berlebih maka pengelolaan kawasan konservasi harus mempertimbangkan musim penutupan selama puncak aktivitas pemijahan (September--November) untuk menjamin pemulihan stok.

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Maturity stages of 3,485 individuals of the Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) were measured from a population occurring in Mayalibit Bay during the period from March 2011 to February 2012. Approximately 200--600 individuals were sampled each month from the catches of fishers from the villages of Warsambin and Lopintol in the mouth of Mayalibit Bay. Of the 3485 individuals whose gonads were examined, 1734 (49.76%) were males and 1751 (50.24%) females. The values of Lm of male and female were 19.55 cm and 20.71 cm, respectively, which is significantly larger than in populations examined in the Malacca Strait and Java Sea, indicating these latter populations are more heavily exploited than in Mayalibit Bay. In both sexes, individuals in all 5 gonadal maturity stages were recorded each month, with the highest cumulative percentage being stage IV (ripe gonads) for both males (50.4%) and females (38.8%). Weights of individual male testes ranged from 0.9 to 20.4 g, while female ovary weights ranged from 3.1 to 28.9 g. Two of the individuals examined displayed hermaphroditic development of the gonads. Thirty nine of the females examined had translucent ovaries, indicating spawning would be imminent. This finding, along with the overall high percentage of individuals with stage IV and V maturity stages, lends strong support to fisher reports that Mayalibit Bay functions as a spawning aggregation area for R. kanagurta. Though gonad maturity data indicate that spawning occurs throughout the year in Mayalibit Bay, three separate indicators (percentage of stage IV gonads, percentage of translucent ovaries, and Gonad Somatic Index or GSI) each suggest that peak spawning season occurs between September and November. The highest GSI recorded for both males and females (10.22% and 14.48%, respectively) occured in November 2011."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis kandungan logam berat Tembaga (Cu) pada partikel mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada ikan kembung Rastrelliger kanagurta, air dan sedimen di perairan Ancol dan Muara Baru, Teluk Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan pada 3 titik di setiap perairan. Sampel ikan diambil sebanyak 6 ekor pada masing – masing perairan dengan bobot ±100gr dengan panjang ±20cm. Sampel mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode floating menggunakan NaCl jenuh dan diamati diatas kertas Whatman Cellulose Nitrate 0.47μm. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air berkisar 182.22 – 332.22 partikel/L sedangkan, pada sampel sedimen berkisar 550.31 – 901.04 partikel/Kg dan sampel ikan berkisar 64 – 107 partikel/individu. Polimer yang teridentifikasi pada sampel antara lain polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) dan polystyrene (PS). Kandungan logam berat tembaga (Cu) pada mikroplastik air memiliki rata – rata 50.01 mg/kg dan pada sedimen 36.49 mg/kg sedangkan, pada ikan 19.53 mg/kg. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukan bahwa tidak adanya korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik dengan kandungan logam Cu pada mikroplastik yang ditemukan.

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This study analyzed the heavy metal content of copper (Cu) in microplastic particles found in mackerel fish Rastrelliger kanagurta, water and sediment of Ancol and Muara Baru, Jakarta Bay. Water and sediment sampling was carried out at 3 points in each waters. Samples of mackerel were taken as many as 6 fish in each waters with a weight of ± 100gr with a length of ± 20cm. Microplastic samples were carried out by floating method using saturated NaCl and observed on 0.47μm Whatman Cellulose Nitrate paper. The abundance of microplastics in water samples ranged from 182.22 – 332.22 particles/L while in sediment samples it ranged from 550.31 – 901.04 particles/Kg and fish samples ranged from 64 – 107 particles/individual. The polymers in the sample include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS). The content of heavy metal copper (Cu) in water microplastics has an average of 50.01 mg/kg and 36.49 mg/kg in sediments, while in fish it is 19.53 mg/kg. Spearman correlation test showed that there was no correlation between microplastics and Cu metal content in microplastics

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"Penelitian ini menganalisis kandungan logam berat seng (Zn) pada mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada air, sedimen, dan ikan kembung Rastrelliger kanagurta di perairan Muara Angke dan Muara Karang, Teluk Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan pada 3 titik di tiap perairan. Sampel ikan diambil sebanyak 5 ekor pada tiap perairan dengan bobot ±259 gr dengan panjang ±27 cm. Saluran pencernaan di ekstraksi dari tiap ikan dan dihancurkan menggunakan reagen asam nitrat kuat (HNO3 65%). Sampel mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode floating menggunakan NaCl jenuh dan diamati diatas kertas Whatman Cellulose Nitrate 0.47μm. Sampel mikroplastik dianalisis polimer menggunakan uji Micro-raman spectroscopic dan kandungan logam berat dengan uji AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air berkisar 175.56—466.67 partikel L-1, pada sampel sedimen berkisar 494.22—790.76 partikel Kg-1, dan pada sampel ikan berkisar 98.5—159 partikel individu-1. Polimer mikroplastik yang teridentifikasi antara lain polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), dan polystyrene (PS). Kandungan logam berat Zn pada mikroplastik pada sampel air memiliki rata–rata 79.47 mg Kg-1, pada sampel sedimen 153.09 mg Kg-1, dan pada sampel ikan 7.20 mg Kg-1. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukan bahwa tidak adanya korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik dengan kandungan logam berat Zn pada mikroplastik yang ditemukan.

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This study analyzed the content of heavy metal zinc (Zn) in microplastics found in water, sediment, and mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta in the waters of Muara Angke and Muara Karang, Jakarta Bay. Sampling of water and sediment was carried out at 3 points in each waters. Mackerel were taken 5 in each waters with a weight of ±259g and a length of ±27cm. The digestive tract was extracted from each fish and crushed using strong nitric acid reagent (HNO3 65%). Microplastics were carried out using the floating method using saturated NaCl and observed on 0.47μm Whatman Cellulose Nitrate paper. The microplastics were analyzed by polymer using Micro-raman spectroscopic test and heavy metal content by AAS test. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in water ranged from 175.56-466.67 particles L-1, in sediment ranging from 494.22-790.76 particles Kg-1, and in mackerel ranging from 98.5-159 individual particles-1. The identified microplastic polymers are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). The heavy metal content in water has an average of 79.47 mg Kg-1, in sediment 153.09 mg Kg-1, and in mackerel 7.20 mg Kg-1. The Spearman correlation test showed that there was no correlation between the abundance of microplastics and the heavy metal content."

"Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Karangsong adalah penyumbang produksi ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson, Lacepede 1800) terbesar di Kabupaten Indramayu tahun 2013 sebesar 21,02%. Puncak produksi ikan tenggiri tertinggi pada bulan Mei (Musim Peralihan I). Ikan tenggiri dari laut Jawa (perairan Indramayu dan sekitarnya) yang didaratkan sebesar 5-10% merupakan ikan khas dan primadona hasil tangkapan nelayan Kabupaten Indramayu, ukuran panjang cagak ikan tenggiri yang tertangkap didominasi ikan belum matang gonad.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi serta menganalisis aspek perikanan dan aspek biologi ikan tenggiri yang didaratkan di PPI Karangsong meliputi daerah penangkapan, komposisi hasil tangkapan, dan produksi. Sedangkan aspek biologi meliputi sebaran frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang-bobot, perbandingan jenis kelamin, ukuran pertama kali tertangkap, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad, tingkat kematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad, jumlah telur, diameter telur, makanan, dan faktor kondisi.Metode pengambilan sampel secara acak dari hasil tangkapan jaring millenium dan jaring rampus di perairan Indramayu dan sekitarnya yang didaratkan di PPI Karangsong. Sebaran frekuensi panjang ikan tenggiri diperoleh dengan mengelompokan ukuran panjang ikan dengan interval kelas 3 cm, hasil tangkapan jaring millenium 34-105 cm didominasi 58-69 cm yaitu ikan tenggiri belum matang gonad 63% dan ikan matang gonad 37%, hasil tangkapan jaring rampus 28-99 cm didominasi 64-69 cm yaitu ikan tenggiri belum matang gonad 73% dan ikan matang gonad 27%. Ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) dengan jaring millenium sebesar 63,80 cm, dengan jaring rampus sebesar 58,60 cm. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad ikan betina panjang FL sebesar 74,83 cm. Nisbah kelamin rata-rata ikan jantan dan betina adalah 1,3:1,0. Hasil uji-t terhadap hubungan panjang-bobot secara keseluruhan diperoleh sifat pertumbuhan ikan tenggiri di perairan Indramayu dan sekitarnya adalah alometrik negatif. Jumlah telur berkisar 41.300-246.526 butir pada panjang 60-68 cm, diameter telur berkisar antara 0,44-0,85 mm. Pola pemijahan ikan tenggiri secara bertahap (partial spawning).

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Karangsong Fishing Port is a fish landing base that contribute the biggest of mackerel production (Scomberomorus commerson, Lacepede 1800) in Indramayu in 2013, which is around 21.02%. The highest peak of mackerel production is on May (First in between season). 5-10% of mackerel from the Indramayu and its surrounding waters (Coastal of Java) is typical and excellent fish caught by fishermen in Indramayu district. The length size of mackerels are dominated by immature gonad fish.

The objective study is to obtain data and information regarding with fisheries and biological aspects of mackerel that were landed in Karangsong Fishing Port. The fishing ports include fishing areas, cathing composition and production. The biological aspects are about length frequency distribution, lengthweight relationship, sex ratio, size of the fish on first captured, size of the first ripe gonads, gonad maturity level, gonad maturation index, fecundity egg, egg diameter, foods, and condition factors.

Sampling method was done randomly in this study on two fishing gears (nets millennium and nets rampus) in Indramayu and surrounding waters for mackerels which are landed in Karangsong Fishing Port. Length frequency distribution was obtained by classifying mackerels fish length at intervals of 3 cm class. The result of mackerels catch using millennium nets at size of 34-105 cm, dominated by size 58-69 cm which were immature mackerels 63% and 37% of mature fish. Mackerel that were caught by rampus nets at size 28-99 cm, were dominated by 64-69 cm, which were immature mackerel fish 73% and 27% of mature fish. Mackerels size (Lc) that are first caught by millennium nets was 63.80 cm, and by rampus nets was 58.60 cm. The size of the first mature female fish gonads was in lenght FL 74.83 cm. Average sex ratio of males and females was 1.3:1.

T-test results of the length-weight relationship showed that mackerels growth characteristics in Indramayu and surrounding waters were negatively allometric. Fecundity of mackerel were ranged 41.300-246.526 egg at 60-68 cm length, diameter ranged from 0.44 to 0.85 mm. Spawning pattern of mackerel was egg partial spawner."

"Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012 di Tegal, Jawa Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji aspek perikanan meliputi : armada dan teknik penangkapan, daerah penangkapan, komposisi hasil tangkapan dan CPUE ( Catch per unit effort ); aspek biologi yang meliputi sebaran frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang berat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, ukuran pertama kali tertangkap, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad,fekunditas dan diameter telur, Indeks Kematangan Gonad, Musim memijah dan kebiasaan makan. Metode pengumpulan sampel yaitu diambil secara acak dari hasil tangkapan pukat cincin mini dan jaring insang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran frekuensi panjang ikan tongkol batik hasil tangkapan pukat cincin mini 13-55 cm dengan modus 25 cm, hasil tangkapan jaring insang 22-49 cm dengan modus 37 cm. Pertumbuhan bersifat isometrik. Nisbah kelamin dalam kondisi seimbang. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad = 33,7 cm. Ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) dengan pukat cincin = 31,75 cm, sedangkan Lc dengan jaring insang = 38,85 cm. Fekunditas ikan tongkol batik berkisar 225.760 ? 2.601.500 butir telur, diameter telur berkisar antara 0,11? 0,65 mm, paling banyak pada ukuran 0,44 mm. Pola pemijahannya adalah memijah beberapa kali (partial spawner). Musim memijah ikan tongkol batik di Laut Jawa pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus. Ikan tongkol batik tergolong ikan karnivora yang mangsanya meliputi berbagai jenis ikan dan moluska.

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The study conducted from January to December 2012 in Tegal, Central Java. The purpose of this study to assess the fisheries aspects that include : fleet and fishing techniques, fishing ground, catch composition and CPUE ( Catch Per Unit Effort ); and aspects of biology that includes the length frequency distribution, length weight relationship, sex ratio, gonad maturity level, length at first capture, length at first maturity, gonad size, fecundity and egg diameter, Gonado Somatic Index, spawning season and food habits. Samples were collected random from the catches of mini purse seiner and gill nets.

The results showed that the distribution frequencies of kawakawa (tongkol batik, Euthynnus affinis) was caught by mini purse seine were 13-55 cm, with mode 25 cm, and those was caught by gill net were 22-49 cm, with mode 37 cm. Growth was isometric. Sex ratio was in equilibrium condition. The length at first capture of mini purse seine was = 31.75 cm, length at first capture of gill net was = 38.85 cm, length at first maturity = 33.7 cm. Fecundities of kawakawa were 225,760 - 2,601,500 eggs, egg diameter ranged from 0.11 - 0.65 mm, mode 0.44 mm. Spawning pattern was partial spawner. The spawning season of kawakawa in the Java Sea in June to August. kawakawa was classified as carnivores that the prey various types of fish and mollusks."

"Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei s.d. Juli 2014, di PPN Karangantu Serang, Banten. Rastrelliger brachysoma (ikan kembung) merupakan ikan dengan nilai ekonomis penting dan disukai masyarakat. Peningkatan kebutuhan konsumsi ikan kembung mendorong peningkatkan upaya penangkapan, untuk memperoleh hasil tangkapan yang lebih besar. Ekploitasi sumber daya ikan kembung harus disertai dengan upaya pengelolaan untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidup sumber daya ikan kembung agar tetap lestari. Untuk melakukan pengelolaan diperlukan data dan informasi aspek perikanan dan aspek biologi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi beberapa aspek perikanan dan aspek biologi ikan kembung. Ikan sampel dikumpulkan dengan metode sampling sederhana. Sampel diambil secara acak dari hasil tangkapan jaring rampus yang beroperasi harian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran frekuensi panjang 14-18,5 cm dengan modus 16 cm, pola pertumbuhan bersifat allometrik negatif, nilai Lc 16,24 cm, nilai Lm ikan jantan 16,3 cm dan ikan betina 16 cm, nisbah kelamin seimbang dengan perbandingan jantan dan betina 1:1,24, fekunditas 64.830-128.520 butir, sebaran diameter telur 0,23-0,7 μm, pola pemijahan partial spawner. Ikan kembung adalah pemakan plankton , memakan phytoplankton dan zooplankton.

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The research was conducted in May to July 20014 in Karangantu Fishing Port. Rastrelliger brachysoma (short bodied mackerel) is an economically important fish and appreciated by the public. Due to Increasing consumption of short bodied mackerel, it encourages increasing fishing effort to obtain larger catches. Exploitation of short bodied mackerel resources must be accompanied by resources management to maintain the viability of fish resources for their sustainability. To manage resources, it needs data and information about fisheries aspects and biological aspects.

The purpose of this research is to obtain data and information of several fisheries and biological aspects of short bodied mackerel. Fish samples were collected with simple sampling method. Samples were taken randomly from the rampus nets (one day fishing operation).

The results showed that the length frequencies distribution were 14-18,5 cm with the modus 16 cm, the short bodied mackerel growth was allometric negative, the length at first capture was 16,24 cm, the length at first maturity for male 16,3 cm and female 16 cm. Sex ratios in equilibrium between male and female was 1 : 1,24, fecundity was 64.830-128.520 eggs with egg diameter ranged from 0,23-0,7 μm, where spawning pattern was partial spawned. Short bodied mackerel are plankton feeder, feeding both phytoplankton and zooplankton."

"Ikan tongkol abu (Thunnus tonggol) merupakan salah satu spesies ikan pelagis penting yang banyak ditemukan di perairan Indo-Pasifik, hidup di daerah neritik, sehingga dikhawatirkan rentan terhadap overfishing. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan eksplorasi faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan aspek reproduksi, morfometri dan makanan sebagai langkah awal untuk mendapatkan data yang nantinya dapat dijadikan dasar dalam pengelolaan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ikan tongkol abu (Thunnus tonggol) yang ditangkap di Laut Jawa (morfometrik : panjang, berat, ukuran pertama kali tertangkap), reproduksi (perkembangan gonad dan fekunditas) serta jenis makanan. Contoh ikan diperoleh dari ikan yang didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Karangsong Indramayu pada bulan April-Mei 2012 sebanyak 164 ekor, ditangkap menggunakan gillnet dengan ukuran mata jaring 4 inchi dan kapal dengan ukuran 30-70 GT yang beroperasi di sekitar Laut Jawa. Ikan diukur panjang dan beratnya, dibedah untuk menentukan morfometri (panjang dan berat), reproduksi (Perkembangan gonad dan fekunditas) dan makanannya. Hasil perhitungan panjang berat ikan tongkol abu (Thunnus tonggol) bersifat alometrik negatif. Nisbah kelamin menunjukkan bahwa antara ikan tongkol abu betina dengan ikan tongkol abu jantan sama banyaknya dengan perbandingan 1:1,34. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad, pada bulan April 2012 ikan sedang mengalami TKG I, II, III dan IV sedangkan pada bulan Mei 2012 ikan yang tertangkap sebagian besar sedang mengalami TKG IV dan ada beberapa yang telah mengalami pemijahan (spent). Fekunditas telur ikan tongkol abu berkisar antara 252.000- 4.138.285 butir. Panjang pertama kali tertangkap 47,6 cm sedangkan ikan yang pertama kali bertelur pada panjang 42,5 cm. Isi lambung ikan tongkol abu yang diteliti adalah ikan teri, karena tergolong predator.

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Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is one of the important pelagic fish species that are found in the Indo-Pacific waters, living in the neritic habitats, so feared vulnerable to overfishing. It is necessary to explore importants biological factors supporting the sustainable fisheries management of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) population from Java Sea. The objective of this research is to study the reproductive biology, morfomethry and food of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) from Java Sea. A total of 164 samples were taken from fish captured in Java Sea and landed by fish landing centre Karangsong, Indramayu, West Java at April until May 2012, fishing gear gillnet with 4 inch hole. Fish length and weight were measured, dissected to determine morphometry (length and weight), reproduction (gonad development and fecundity) and food. The results of the calculation of the length weight of lontail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is negative Allometric. Sex ratio showed between males longtail tuna with females longtail tuna as the ratio of 1:1,34. Longtail tuna in Java Sea had a lenght at first captured (Lc) 47,6 cm but mature stage for 42,5 cm. Food of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is anchovy becaused this species is predator."