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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas Perlindungan terhadap Penduduk Sipil pada saat PerangSipil, terkait dengan Konvensi Jenewa sebagai Jaminan Dasar Hak Asasi Manusiadan Pelanggaran atas peraturan tersebut. Kasus yang digunakan dalam tulisan iniadalah Fenomena False Positives di Kolombia pada saat Perang Sipil terjadiantara Pemerintah Kolombia dengan FARC-EP. Tujuan penulisan skripsi iniuntuk mengidentifikasi peraturan apa saja yang dapat berlaku saat terjadi KonflikBersenjata Non-Internasional, Pelanggaran atas peraturan diatas yangmenyebabkan Kejahatan Perang dan Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan, dan untukmengetahui bagaimana Pemerintah Kolombia bertindak terhadap tuduhanpelanggaran dalam fenomena ini sehingga mendapatkan perhatian dari MahkamahPidana Internasional.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this paper is the protection on civilian during a civil war, related tothe Geneva Convention as the fundamental guarantees on human rights and theviolation on these regulations. The case used in this paper called False Positives, aphenomenon happened in Colombia during the civil war. The purpose of thisstudy is to identify what are the rules applied on a Non-International ArmedConflict, these violations on human rights as War Crimes and Crimes AgainstHumanity, and to find out how the Colombian Government acts towards theseaccuses as the phenomenon caught the attention of International Criminal Court."

"Pemberian bantuan kesehatan sipil dalam perkembangannya memegang peranan yang cukup penting di wilayah sengketa bersenjata yaitu untuk melaksanakan tugas-tugas kesehatan yang menjamin hak orang-orang yang terluka dan sakit karena itu terdapat perlindungan yang diterapkan oleh hukum humaniter internasional. Namun, meski sudah dilindungi oleh hukum, akhir-akhir ini para pihak pemberi bantuan kesehatan sipil seringkali masih diserang oleh para peserta konflik bersejata sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian materi, dan bahkan nyawa. Skripsi ini adalah penelitian yuridis-normatif yang akan membahas Hukum Humaniter Internasional yang melindungi pemberian bantuan kesehatan sipil secara melalui dua konsepsi, yaitu melalui perlindungan terhadap anggota dinas kesehatan sipil dan melalui perlindungan terhadap unit kesehatan sipil, yang terkandung dalam Konvensi Jenewa 1949 beserta protokol tambahannya serta hukum kebiasaan internasional. Melalui analisa kasus menggunakan sumber data dari kepustakaan dan wawancara, skripsi ini juga menyimpulkan masalah penerapan yang terjadi atas ketentuan-ketentuan yang melindungi pemberian bantuan kesehatan sipil di wilayah sengketa bersenjata. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat beberapa masalah penerapan yang terjadi karena beberapa ketentuan hukum humaniter internasional masih belum sempurna yang didukung dengan kurangnya kesadaran dan kepatuhan para peserta konflik. Karena itu, tatanan hukum yang ada perlu segera diperbaharui dengan cermat agar dapat menyelesaikann segala permasalahan penerapan yang ada. Segala macam publikasi dan gerakan sosial yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan para peserta konflik terhadap hukum humaniter internasional juga harus lebih banyak dilakukan.

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Civilian medical assistance in recent times hold an important role in armed conflict to execute medical duties that ensure the rights of sick and wounded persons, therefore, it is protected by International Humanitarian Law. But nowadays, even if it is protected by the law, the stakeholders of civilian medical assistance are still often being attacked by the parties of the conflict which caused material loss, or even the loss of life. This thesis is a juridicial normative research which examine the International Humanitarian Law that protects civilian medical assistance in two different ways, by the protection of civilian medical personnel and by the protection of civilian medical units, contained in the Geneva Convention of 1949 and its additional protocols along with the customary international law. Through case analysis using sources from literature and interview, this research tries to conclude the current implementation problems that have occurred over provisions protecting the civilian medical assistance in armed conflict. The results of this study indicates that there are several implementation problems because some provisions of international humanitarian law are still imperfect, along with the lack of awareness and compliance practiced by the parties of the conflict. Hence, the existing legal system should be modified thoroughly in order to resolve the existing implementation problems. Any kind of publications and social movements aimed to enhance the awareness and compliance of the parties to the conflict shall be done more often. "

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai bagaimana perlindungan hukum humaniter dan hukum penerbangan dalam melindungi negara pihak ketiga yang memiliki hak lintas diatas wilayah yang sedang mengalami konflik bersenjata yang diberikan kepada para pihak sesuai dengan ketentuan Konvensi Jenewa 1949 beserta berbagai Protokol tambahnnya, serta Konvensi Chicago 1944 dan annexnya. Skripsi ini memberikan gambaran dan penjelasan bagaimana pengaplikasian berbagai sisi hukum tersebut ke dalam kasus Malaysia Airlines Flight MH 17.

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This thesis focus on how both international humanitarian law and aviation law protects third the third party which fly across an armed conflict country who have a passage rights according to Geneva Conventions 1949 and its protocols, and also Chicago Convention 1944 and its annexes. This thesis described and explained how those laws applies in the case of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH 17."

"Certain tactics of war used by the insurgent sometimes puts the armed forces in the difficult situation to apply the international humanitarian law (IHL). As IHL purposed to minimise the victims of armed conflict and protect persons not participating in the hostilities, the IHL principle of distinction is one of the important principles. Some current insurgency operations indicate that the insurgents tend to conduct guerilla and urban warfare so that it is not easy for the soldiers to distinguish civilians and combatants. In fact, a number of IHL rules provide some restrictions of means and method of warfare but do not omit the right of the soldiers to carry out their military operation and if necessary some measures relating to security and legal enforcement against civilians being accused of participating in the enemy military operation. Moreover, the willingness of applying IHL would be useful for the soldiers to avoid the indictment of any legal violation and at the end to obtain the support from the people."

"This is a concise and nuanced overview of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The structure is unusual. While the book reflects the state of the law with accuracy and sobriety, it nevertheless shows the idealist and philosophical ambitions of the authors. Legal issues are often discussed within a wider moral and ethical context. The authors add many basics on human rights and the enforcement of international law, which are not directly relevant for IHL, but ensure the reader understands the wider picture. Marco Sass©øli, University of Geneva, Switzerland This book provides a clear and concise explanation of the central principles of international humanitarian law (or the law of armed conflict) while situating them in a broader philosophical, ethical and legal context. The authors consider a range of wider issues relevant to international humanitarian law, including its ethical foundations, relationship to other bodies of international law and contemporary modes of enforcement. This helps to develop a richer context for understanding the law of war and a sound basis for examining the changing nature of contemporary armed conflict. The book also discusses important recent decisions by international courts and tribunals, tracks the historical development of humanitarian principles in warfare and considers the legal position of states, individuals and non-state groups. Principles of International Humanitarian Law is an important resource for students of international humanitarian law and International law academics, as well as international humanitarian law practitioners.ContentsMachine generated contents note: 1.The concept of armed conflict2.Sources of international humanitarian law3.Means and methods of warfare4.Protection of civilians5.Protection of combatants hors de combat6.Humanitarianism and human rights7.Liability of states and non-state groups8.Liability of individuals."

"This is a concise and nuanced overview of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The structure is unusual. While the book reflects the state of the law with accuracy and sobriety, it nevertheless shows the idealist and philosophical ambitions of the authors. Legal issues are often discussed within a wider moral and ethical context. The authors add many basics on human rights and the enforcement of international law, which are not directly relevant for IHL, but ensure the reader understands the wider picture. Marco Sass©øli, University of Geneva, Switzerland This book provides a clear and concise explanation of the central principles of international humanitarian law (or the law of armed conflict) while situating them in a broader philosophical, ethical and legal context. The authors consider a range of wider issues relevant to international humanitarian law, including its ethical foundations, relationship to other bodies of international law and contemporary modes of enforcement. This helps to develop a richer context for understanding the law of war and a sound basis for examining the changing nature of contemporary armed conflict. The book also discusses important recent decisions by international courts and tribunals, tracks the historical development of humanitarian principles in warfare and considers the legal position of states, individuals and non-state groups. Principles of International Humanitarian Law is an important resource for students of international humanitarian law and International law academics, as well as international humanitarian law practitioners.ContentsMachine generated contents note: 1.The concept of armed conflict2.Sources of international humanitarian law3.Means and methods of warfare4.Protection of civilians5.Protection of combatants hors de combat6.Humanitarianism and human rights7.Liability of states and non-state groups8.Liability of individuals."