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"Teori keadilan memiliki dua tantangan serius yang tidak terselesaikan. Pertama, untuk menghasilkan keputusan yang rasional tanpa bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai moral yang tertanam dalam hati nurani. Kedua, adanya pluralitas nilai dan identitas dalam masyarakat sosial seringkali menjadi penyebab utama isu ketidakadilan seperti diskriminasi, kekerasan, dan pelanggaran HAM. Amartya Sen menawarkan solusi terhadap kedua permasalahan tersebut dalam argumen-argumen yang dibangun berdasarkan kritiknya terhadap Utilitarianisme, Intuisionisme, dan terutama Kontraktarianisme John Rawls. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kapabilitas, demokrasi, dan imparsialitas terbuka untuk menciptakan ruang diskusi masyarakat bernalar, ketidakadilan niscaya dapat dikurangi.

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The theory of justice has always been faced with two problematic challenges. First, to make reasonable judgments that are not in conflict between rationality and moral values provided in sense of justice. Second, the ontological fact of plurality of values and identities in society is often seen as major cause of injustice issues, such as discrimination and human rights violations. Amartya Sen proposes the solutions to both problems in arguments build from his critics to Utilitarianism, Intuisionism, and especially, Rawlsian contractarianism. By using capability approach, democracy, and open impartiality to improve reasoned public discussion, the problem of injustice will eventually be reduce. "

"Pembangunan saat ini lebih menitikberatkan terhadap ukuran-ukuran yang lebih kuantitatif.Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam beberapa model konstruksi arus utama yang berdasarkan padakerangka libertarian, utilitarian, dan Rawlsian. Ketiganya dikritik oleh Amartya Sen karena mereka mengabaikan prinsip kemanusiaan, yang dianggap sebagai kombinasi dari fungsi yang berbeda. Dengan kata lain, ketiganya gagal untuk melihat manusia sebagai entitas aktif dalam proses menjadi daripada sebuah entitas pasif, yang dapat bervariasi dari fungsi dasar untuk memenuhi syarat kehidupan mereka sendiri. Dengan konteks ini, Sen mengajukan teori dan etika pembangunan dengan kebebasan, kapabilitas dan etika pilar untukmenjawab kritik dimaksud.

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Within the known age, development happens to be more quantitative-measure orientation. This can be seen in several mainstream construction models based on libertarian, utilitarian, and Rawlsian. These were criticized by Amartya Sen for they despise principle subjects of humanity that considered as combination of different functions. On the other words, those three failed to figure human as an active being than a passive one; which can vary, from its basic functions to what qualifies their own lives. By this context, Sen submit a theory and development ethics as capability extension and freedom to answer the question itself."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai konsep komitmen sebagai kritik terhadap konsep simpati dalam melihat motif ekonomi. Teori ekonomi menempatkan self-interest sebagai satu-satunya motif atas tindakan yang dilakukan. Konsep simpati kemudian mengembangkan asumsi ini dengan memasukkan kesejahteraan orang lain sebagai motif. Namun, simpati masih jatuh pada asumsi egoism karena kesejahteraan orang lain hanya implikasi dari tindakan yang dilakukan demi pemaksimalam self-interest. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain argumentatif terhadap keterbatasan konsep yang dipakai untuk menganalisa motif ekonomi. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa konsep komitmen lebih relevan dari pada konsep simpati untuk menjelaskan bahwa ada tindakan yang dilakukan terlepas dari pemaksimalan self-interest.

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The focus of this study is examines the concept of commitment as a critic of the concept of sympathy as an economic motive. Economic theory places self-interest as the only motive in any economic action. The concept of sympathy develops this assumption by adding the motive to care for other persons welfare. However, because the motive to care for other peoples welfare is actually only an implication of actions taken to maximize the gains dictated by self-interest, concept of sympathy still falls under the assumption of egoism. This research, in which is of a qualitative manner, argues against the limitations of the concept used in the analysis of economic motives. It concludes that the concept of commitment is more relevant than the concept of sympathy in explaining the actions of which are done outside the motivations of self-interest."

"This dissertation examines the question of justice in the implementation of the Right of Indonesia Nations and the Right of State to Control in agrarian legal policy domain since post independence of 1945 to post reformation of 1998 Problems of justice in their manifestation of injustice has become the focus of analysis using Sen rsquo s theory of justice This study belongs the realm of normative legal research or literature The results of the analysis in the three periods of the practice of agrarian legal policy 1945 1965 1965 1998 and 1998 2020 applying the perspective of 39 Matsyanyaya 39 in theory of justice of Sen found the dominant factor causing injustice namely the practice of political dominance of neo imperialism and capitalism Theoretical justification of the relationship between law and politics can be found either in Zamboni 39 s theory or the work of Kahin Tully Pilger Roosa van ittersum Perkins The study provides recommendations in the realm of the theoretical and legal agrarian policy practices In the domain of the theoretical perspective of legal studies this study suggests to review the inconsistencies in the legal and legal policy systems in the agrarian law research and teaching of legal studies realms In the practical domain then the virtual values of Pancasila ought to be implemented in the practice of law in the realm of the executive legislative and judicial branches of government in dealing with domination of neoimperialism neo capitalism and neo liberalism in the practice of agrarian law politics and the entire realms of life."

"Dalam eksistensialisme Sartre, rasa takut kurang mendapat penjelasan yang mendalam, sehingga sulit untuk dapat melihat pengaruhnya dalam eksistensi seorang subjek. Rasa takut sesungguhnya adalah salah satu rasa mendasar yang dimiliki oleh manusia. Rasa takut sudah terstruktur di dalam diri seorang manusia. Ia mempengaruhi hal-hal yang dilakukan oleh subjek bahkan sejak subjek masih dalam tahap kesadaran pra-reflektif. Rasa muak akan membawa subjek menyadari bahwa sesungguhnya ia memiliki kebebasan dan dapat menentukan eksistensi dirinya sendiri. Dari sana, kesadaran pra-reflektif berubah menjadi kesadaran reflektif. Kebebasan adalah kutukan karena ia selalu diiringi dengan tanggung jawab yang berat padahal tidak pernah ada kepastian akan hasil yang nantinya didapat. Hal itulah yang membuat manusia mengalami rasa cemas. Rasa cemas ini kemudian membawa manusia melihat konsekuensi-konsekuensi yang mungkin dari pilihan yang ada bagi si subjek. Disinilah kemudian rasa takut mempengaruhi subjek dalam mengambil pilihan eksistensialisnya. Apakah subjek akan memilih pilihan yang aman baginya, ataukah ia berani melawan ketakutannya dan bertransendenis menjadi diri yang baru.

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The focus of this study is to prove the effect of fear for the existence of the subject, which is not well explained in Sartre’s existensialism. As a matter of fact, fear is one of human basic feeling, it is an undeniable structure as a human. Feareffected subjects act even in pra-reflective conciousness stage. Nausea will bring subject to realizing, that in fact, he has a freedom and he can choose freely, what kind of existence that he want to create for his own self. At that stage, prareflective conciousness will change into reflective conciousnes and subject could realize their freedom. But freedom it self is a curse because there's a great responsibility adheres our acts whereas there’s never been any certainity about the consequnces. This condition trap human in anxiety feeling. Anxiety will bring subject to see the consequences that probably will appear from all the choice that they can take. At this stage, fear will effecting subject in taking his existential choice. Will the subject going to choose the savest choiceor fight his fear and doing transcended and becoming a new self."