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"ABSTRAK

Novel remaja kerap kali mengangkat masalah pembentukan identitas pada anak remaja sebagai temanya. Seringkali masalah pembentukan identitas tersebut dikaitkan dengan dengan banyak faktor yang mempengaruhinya, termasuk pengaruh dari lingkungan sosial dan orang-orang yang ada disekitarnya. Penelitian ini akan menguraikan mengenai pengaruh lingkungan sosial kepada pembentukan identitas tokoh dalam novel remaja. Untuk mengungkapkan pembentukan identitas tersebut, digunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra, serta analisis unsur intrinsik novel, yang kemudian akan mengarah kepada analisis unsur sosial teks menggunakan konsep habitus dan field oleh Bourdieu.

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ABSTRACT

Young adult novels often raised the issue of identity formation in adolescents as its theme. Often the problem of identity formation is associated with the many factors that influence it, including the influence of the social environment and the people around it. This study will describe the influence of the social environment to the identity formation of character in young adult novels. To reveal the identity formation, the approach used sociology of literature, as well as the analysis of the intrinsic elements of the novel, which will then lead to the analysis of social aspects using the concept of habitus and field by Bourdieu.

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"Literatur populer di Jerman mencapai masa keemasannya pada tahun 1990 sejak kemunculan para penulis muda, salah satunya yaitu Benjamin von Stuckrad-Barre dengan karyanya Soloalbum. Kehidupan anak muda, pencarian identitas dan presentasi diri menjadi salah satu tema utama dalam karya-karya literatur populer saat itu.Penelitian ini berfokus kepada pencarian identitas diri tokoh ich dalam novel Soloalbum karya Benjamin von Stuckrad-Barre, dilihat dari gambaran presentasi dirinya (Selbstdarstellung) yang dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan konsep diri hingga akhirnya penemuan identitas dirinya. Hancurnya hubungan cinta tokoh ich memunculkan berbagai konflik yang membuatnya mempertanyakan bagaimanakah konsep dirinya.Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut, digunakan metode intrinsik novel, seperti tokoh, latar dan konflik yang mengarah kepada gambaran presentasi diri dan konsep diri tokoh ich, dan pendekatan psikologi sosial dimana segala bentuk presentasi diri tokoh ich yang termasuk ke dalam pembentukan konsep diri (Selbstkonzept) diklasifikasikan menurut lima faktor pembentuk konsep diri dan gaya hidup.Dalam novel Soloalbum, berbagai aspek seperti perubahan kondisi tempat tinggalnya, emosi yang stabil, mengetahui tujuan hidupnya terutama dalam hal pekerjaan dan mengetahui hal apa yang sesuai atau tidak dengan dirinya membantu tokoh ich untuk menyadari konsep diri yang sesuai dengan dirinya. Sehingga melalui konsep diri yang sesuai tersebut akan diketahui pula identitas yang dimiliki oleh tokoh ich.

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Popular literature in German met its golden age around the 90?s with the appearance of young writers, one of them being Benjamin von Stuckrad-Barre with his novel Soloalbum. The life of young people, the search of identity, and self presentation (Selbstdarstellung) are the main themes in these new popular litteratures.This research is focusing on the theme of the identity search of the character ich in Benjamin Von Stuckrad-Barre?s Soloalbum from the point of view of his self-presentation which can influence his self-concept in order to finally find his own self-identity. His recent breakup leads to several conflicts that makes ich asks himself about his self-concept.In order to analyze this the writer uses the intrinsic method, such as characters, settings, and conflicts which leads to the image of his self-concept and self-presentation, and also social psychology, where every type of self-presentation and self-concept of ich are being classified according to the five factors of the self-concept and lifestyle, to determine ich?s search of self-concept.In Soloalbum, a lot of aspects such as the condition change of his living place, his emotion and anger in taking decisions, and finding out which are the things that he likes or dislikes helps ich in realizing the self-concept suitable for him. Hence from that self-concept it is possible to find finally the desired identity of ich."

"Seiring perkembangan zaman karya sastra dapat diteliti dari berbagai teori yang berhubungan dengan perilakumasyarakat. Maka, penelitian ini juga membutuhkan teori mengenai perilaku masyarakat. Salah satu pendekatanyang dapat digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori yang dikemukakan Pierre Bourdieu. Teori Bourdieuternyata dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis novel Dimsum Terakhir karya Clara Ng, terutama gambaranmengenai perilaku keluarga keturunan Tionghoa dalam hubungan antaranggota keluarga dan dalam hubungansosial. Masalah yang dianalisis berkaitan dengan konsep habitus, modal, dan arena sebagaimana yangdikemukakan Bourdieu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan novel Dimsum Terakhir karya Clara Ngdalam perspektif Bourdieu dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukkan bahwa tokoh-tokoh dalam novel itu menunjukkan perilaku yang berkaitan dengan habitus, modal,dan arena sosial.

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The era of literary works can be examined from various theories related to the behavior of society. Thus, the study also needed a theory of community behaviour. One of the approaches that can be used in this study is the theory Pierre Bourdieu. The Bourdieu theory can be used to analyze Clara Ng's Dimsum Terakhir novel, particularly the depiction of the family behavior of Chinese descent in the relationship between family members and in socialrelations. The problems analyzed are related to the concept of habitus, capital, and arena as Bourdieu proposed.The purpose of this research is to explain the novel of Clara Ng's last Dimsum in Bourdieu's perspective using adescriptive analysis of research methods. The results showed that the figures in the novel demonstrated behavior relating to habitus, capital, and social arena."

"ABSTRAKSebuah karya dapat dikatakan sebagai sastra anak jika citraan dan metafora kehidupan yang dikisahkan dapat dijangkau dan dipahami oleh anak sesuai dengan perkembangan psikis. Salah satu genre dalam sastra anak adalah fantasi. Genre fantasi dalam sastra Jerman dikenal dengan istilah sastra anak fantastis phantastische Kinderliteratur . Salah satunya adalah novel Lale und der goldene Brief karya Regula Venske. Novel ini menceritakan tokoh Lale, seorang anak yang melakukan petualangan untuk mengantarkan surat kepada Rumi Armut. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran yang dilakukan, belum ada hasil penelitian yang mengulas novel ini. Padahal di dalamnya terkandung nilai fantastis yang kuat, imajinasi yang tinggi, serta unsur didaktis yang dibutuhkan anak-anak untuk mengenal siapa dirinya. Rumusan masalah yang muncul adalah bagaimana penggambaran motif pencarian identitas diri dan arketipe pahlawan pada tokoh Lale dalam novel Lale und der goldene Brief. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelisik bagaimana penggambaran motif pencarian identitas diri dan arketipe pahlawan pada tokoh Lale. Teori yang digunakan adalah phantastische Kinderliteratur, arketipe pahlawan Jung 1916 , dan petualangan pahlawan hero rsquo;s journey Campbell 1968 . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif untuk meninjau petualangan Lale dalam empat perjalanan besar, yakni ladang tempat menetap der Acker des Bleibens , Gunung Perpisahan der Berg des Abschieds , Laut Keluhan das Meer des Seufzer , dan Labirin Kesalahpahaman das Labyrinth des Missverst ndnisse . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa motif pencarian identitas yang dilakukan Lale disebabkan adanya motif jauh dari orang tua Elternferne . Hal ini menyebabkan arketipe pahlawan dalam diri Lale muncul yang dijabarkan melalui tahapan perjalanan pahlawan hero rsquo;s journey Campbell. Dalam perjalanan ini, sosok pahlawan Heldin pada Lale digambarkan sebagai anak yang pemberani, tidak mudah menyerah, optimis, dan menjaga amanah dengan baik.

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ABSTRACTA work can be regarded as child literature if the images and metaphors of life that is narrated can be reached and understood by the child according to psychic development. One of the genres in child literature is fantasy. In German literature, this genre is known as fantastic child literature phantastische Kinderliterature . Lale und der goldene Brief novel which is written by Regula Venske is one sample of German fantastic child literature. This novel tells the adventure of a child named Lale who delivers a letter to someone named Rumi Armut. This novel contains fantastic value, high imagination and didactic elements which are needed by the children in order to know their true selves. Despite those novel excellences, based on library search, there has been no research regarding this novel. The research question is to find the portrayal of the identity search motif and the hero archetype of Lale figure in Lale und der goldene Brief novel. The theories applied are Phantastische Kindliterature and Jung hero archetypes and Hero 39 s journey Hero 39 s journey . Descriptive method is used to analyze Lale adventures in 4 major trips, namely der Acker des Bleibens mountain of farewell der Berg des Abschieds , sea of complaints das Meer des Seufzer , and maze of misconceptions das Labyrinth des Missverst ndnisse . The study found that the identity searching motive of Lale is caused by being away from parents. This led to archetypes of hero of Lale to appear spelled out through the stages of Campbell rsquo s hero journey 1968 . Throughout the journey, the hero figure of Lale is portrayed as a brave girl, not easy to give up, optimistic, and keep the mandate well."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas pembentukan identitas beberapa tokoh dalam novel TheBluest Eye karya Toni Morrison. Tokoh-tokoh tersebut adalah Pecola Breedlove,Pauline, Cholly Breedlove, dan Three Whores (China, Poland, dan Miss Marie).Keempat tokoh tersebut memiliki permasalahan masing-masing dalam memahamidan membentuk identitas. Identitas kolektif yang mereka miliki, pengakuan darimasyarakat, serta kemampuan mereka menentukan dan mempertahankan identitasdiri mempengaruhi proses pemahaman dan pembentukan identitas yang merekajalani. Hal ini memiliki persamaan dengan tiga poin yang terkandung dalamkonsep identitas Kwame Anthony Appiah. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisiskarakterisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pemahaman danpembentukan identitas pada seseorang maupun kelompok tidak hanya dipengaruhioleh lingkungan sekitar tetapi juga melewati tiga poin atau tahapan dalam konsepidentitas Appiah

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this research is to analyze on the formatting of identity of several

characters in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. The characters analyzed Pecola

Breedlove, Pauline, Cholly Breedlove, and The Three Whores (China, Poland,

dan Miss Marie). These four characters have their difficulties in understanding

and forming of their own identities. The process of understanding and forming of

identity is influenced by the existence of collective identities, recognition from

community and society, along with their capability to decide and protect their

identities. These related to three points about identity that consist in the concept of

identity of Kwame Anthony Appiah. This research uses analysis of

characterization as the basic method. The result of this research proves that the

process of understanding and forming of identity is not only influenced by the

environment but also has to go through three points or phases in Appiah?s concept

of identity."

"[ABSTRAKPesatnya pertumbuhan media sosial membawa banyak perubahan. Dengankarakternya yang berbeda dengan media lama, media sosial membuka banyakkemungkinan, termasuk bagi representasi identitas lokal. Seperti komunitasBanyumas, mereka menjadikan media sosial sebagai ruang baru untukmenunjukkan identitasnya. Sebuah pertanyaan mengemuka, apakah kehadiranmedia sosial yang berkarakter global akan melemahkan identitas lokal, atausebaliknya justru memperkuatnya.Penelitian ini mencoba melihat transformasiidentitas komunitas Banyumas dari ranah offline ke online, dengan melihatbagaimana realitas kontemporer praktik kebahasaan orang Banyumas dalamkehidupan sehari-hari dan di media sosial. Pengamatan praktik kebahasaan dimedia sosial dikhususkan pada pesan-pesan terpilih di blog, Twitter, danFacebook. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori Pierre Bourdieu yangmelihat identitas sebagai sebuah kontestasi dalam sebuah ranah dinamis. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter dasar orang Banyumas seperti cablaka,penjorangan, dan dopokan, tergambar kuat dalam berbagai pesan di media sosial.Uniknya, pesan-pesan ini banyak yang ditampilkan secara kreatif, sebagai bentukadaptasi karakter media sosial. Sebagai sebuah kontestasi, representasi identitaslokal dipengaruhi oleh relasi antara ranah, habitus, dan modal. Ranahmenunjukkan setting media sosial itu sendiri. Sedangkan habitus ditunjukkan olehkecenderungan yang berbeda di antara para pengguna Banyumas dengan latarbelakang yang beragam. Sementara modal, ditandai kepemilikan modal yangberbeda, baik yang berupa modal sosial, budaya, simbolik, maupun modalekonomi. Secara teoritis, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan nilai dankekuatan modal, antara realitas offline dan online. Jika di ranah online, modalekonomi menjadi dominan perannya, maka di ranah online, modal simbolik lebihberperan. Secara praktis, hasil penelitan ini menumbuhkan optimisme bahwaidentitas lokal akan terus bertahan, bahkan menguat, di era media sosial.;

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ABSTRACTThe rapid growth of social media brings many changes. Distinguishing characterswith the old one, social media opens many possibilities, including therepresentation of local identity. For instance, Banyumas community uses socialmedia as a new space to show their identity. A question arose whether thepresence of social media which has global character may weaken or strengthentheir local identities instead. This study tries to figure out the transformation ofidentity of Banyumas community from offline to online field, by paying moreattention on how the contemporary reality of Banyumas people‟s linguisticpractices in their daily life and in social media is. The Observation on linguisticpractices in social media particularly focuses on the selected messages available inblogs, Twitter, and Facebook. The analyses were conducted using Pierre Bourdieutheories that viewed identity as a contestation within a dynamic field. The resultsshowed that the basic characters of the Banyumas people, such as cablaka,penjorangan, and dopokan, were strongly reflected in various messages availablein social media. These messages were uniquely displayed in creative ways, asforms of character adaptation in social media. As contestation, the representationof local identity was influenced by the relationship between field, habitus, andcapitals. Field showed the setting of social media itself. Habitus were shown bythe different tendencies among users of Banyumas with different backgrounds.Capitals were marked by the possession of different capitals, either in the form ofsocial, cultural, symbolic, or economic capital. Theoretically, the results of thisstudy showed differences in values and capital powers, between offline and onlinereality. If in online field, the economic capital had the dominant roles, thesymbolic capital had more roles. Practically, the results of this study growoptimism that local identity will surely survive and even be stronger in the era ofsocial media.;The rapid growth of social media brings many changes. Distinguishing characterswith the old one, social media opens many possibilities, including therepresentation of local identity. For instance, Banyumas community uses socialmedia as a new space to show their identity. A question arose whether thepresence of social media which has global character may weaken or strengthentheir local identities instead. This study tries to figure out the transformation ofidentity of Banyumas community from offline to online field, by paying moreattention on how the contemporary reality of Banyumas people‟s linguisticpractices in their daily life and in social media is. The Observation on linguisticpractices in social media particularly focuses on the selected messages available inblogs, Twitter, and Facebook. The analyses were conducted using Pierre Bourdieutheories that viewed identity as a contestation within a dynamic field. The resultsshowed that the basic characters of the Banyumas people, such as cablaka,penjorangan, and dopokan, were strongly reflected in various messages availablein social media. These messages were uniquely displayed in creative ways, asforms of character adaptation in social media. As contestation, the representationof local identity was influenced by the relationship between field, habitus, andcapitals. Field showed the setting of social media itself. Habitus were shown bythe different tendencies among users of Banyumas with different backgrounds.Capitals were marked by the possession of different capitals, either in the form ofsocial, cultural, symbolic, or economic capital. Theoretically, the results of thisstudy showed differences in values and capital powers, between offline and onlinereality. If in online field, the economic capital had the dominant roles, thesymbolic capital had more roles. Practically, the results of this study growoptimism that local identity will surely survive and even be stronger in the era ofsocial media., The rapid growth of social media brings many changes. Distinguishing characterswith the old one, social media opens many possibilities, including therepresentation of local identity. For instance, Banyumas community uses socialmedia as a new space to show their identity. A question arose whether thepresence of social media which has global character may weaken or strengthentheir local identities instead. This study tries to figure out the transformation ofidentity of Banyumas community from offline to online field, by paying moreattention on how the contemporary reality of Banyumas people‟s linguisticpractices in their daily life and in social media is. The Observation on linguisticpractices in social media particularly focuses on the selected messages available inblogs, Twitter, and Facebook. The analyses were conducted using Pierre Bourdieutheories that viewed identity as a contestation within a dynamic field. The resultsshowed that the basic characters of the Banyumas people, such as cablaka,penjorangan, and dopokan, were strongly reflected in various messages availablein social media. These messages were uniquely displayed in creative ways, asforms of character adaptation in social media. As contestation, the representationof local identity was influenced by the relationship between field, habitus, andcapitals. Field showed the setting of social media itself. Habitus were shown bythe different tendencies among users of Banyumas with different backgrounds.Capitals were marked by the possession of different capitals, either in the form ofsocial, cultural, symbolic, or economic capital. Theoretically, the results of thisstudy showed differences in values and capital powers, between offline and onlinereality. If in online field, the economic capital had the dominant roles, thesymbolic capital had more roles. Practically, the results of this study growoptimism that local identity will surely survive and even be stronger in the era ofsocial media.]"

"Banyak studi telah dilakukan untuk menjelaskan proses demokratisasi yang dialami Indonesia pasca-Reformasi 1998, khususnya melalui penyelidikan mendalam terhadap pemilihan umum yang dilaksanakan setiap lima tahun sekali sejak 1999. Dari segi objek kajian, penelitian komunikasi politik terkait perilaku memilih berdasarkan kelas sosial masih relatif pinggiran dibandingkan beberapa objek kajian lain, seperti sistem kepartaian yang banyak ditulis dalam berbagai studi selama dekade pertama tahun 2000-an, maupun politik identitas dan gender yang menjadi sorotan pada dekade berikutnya. Dari segi kerangka teoretis, teori kelas sosial jarang digunakan, setelah selama lebih dari tiga dekade kekuasaan Orde Baru, teori ini relatif tidak berkembang dalam ilmu sosial di Indonesia. Disertasi ini mencoba mempertemukan pendekatan komunikasi politik dan kelas sosial dengan mempergunakan teori kelas sosial baru berdasarkan pendekatan strukturalisme genetik Pierre Bourdieu sebagai pisau analitis untuk menjelaskan perilaku memilih berbasis kelas sosial di Indonesia. Khususnya pemrosesan informasi oleh pemilih berbasis kelas sosial untuk memproduksi opini politik dan pilihan politik pada pemilihan umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden pada 17 April 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah convergent parallel mixed method—pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis kluster digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan kelas-kelas sosial di Indonesia, sementara pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para informan kunci digunakan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang habitus kelas dan modus produksi opini politik masing-masing kelas sosial dengan menggunakan the modes of production of opinion Bourdieu. Hasil analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan interpretative phenomenological analysis berhasil mengidentifikasi empat kelas sosial di Indonesia lengkap dengan habitus kelas masing-masing, yakni kelas elite, kelas menengah profesional, kelas menengah tradisional, dan kelas marhaen. Tiap-tiap kelas sosial memiliki jumlah dan komposisi kapital ekonomi, budaya, dan sosial yang berbeda, serta habitus kelas yang berbeda pula dan memiliki modus produksi opini politik yang juga menunjukkan perbedaan (distinction). Perbedaan modus produksi opini politik berhubungan langsung dengan perbedaan habitus kelas masing-masing kelas sosial. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa modus produksi opini politik dan pilihan politik tersebut terkondisikan secara sosial. Kelas elite dan kelas menengah profesional mengalami modus produksi opini dan pilihan politik berdasarkan etos kelas atau produksi orang-pertama, sementara kelas menengah tradisional dan kelas marhaen mengalami modus produksi opini dan pilihan politik berdasarkan production by proxy. Akibatnya, kelas menengah tradisional dan kelas marhaen rentan terhadap doxa, propaganda dan kekerasan simbolik.

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Much have been written about the democratization process experienced by Indonesia after the 1998 Reformation, especially through in-depth investigations into general elections, which have been held every five years since 1999. In terms of the object of study, studies on political communication related to voting behavior based on social class are relatively marginalized compared to other objects, such as the party system, which has been widely studied in the firstdecade of the 2000s, as well as politics of identity and gender, which became the spotlighted topic in the following decade. In terms of the theoretical framework, social class theory has been rarely used, and after more than three decades of New Order rule, this theory remains relatively underdeveloped in social sciences in Indonesia. This dissertation attempts to reconcile political communication and social class approaches, by using a new social class theory based on Pierre Bourdieu's genetic structuralism approach as an analytical tool to explain social class-based voting behavior in Indonesia, particularly the processing of information by social class-based voters in producing political opinions and political choices in the presidential and vice presidential elections of April 17, 2019. The method used is the convergent parallel mixed method - a quantitative approach using cluster analysis is used to identify and describe social classes in Indonesia, while a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with key informants is used to get an understanding of the class habitus and the mode of production of political opinion of each social class, using Bourdieu’s concept of mode of production of opinion. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis, using interpretative phenomenological analysis, have succeeded in identifying four social classes in Indonesia, complete with their respective class habitus, namely the elite class, the professional middle class, the traditional middle class, and the marhaen class. Each social class has a different number and composition of economic, cultural and social capital, as well as a different class habitus and distinctive mode of production of political opinion. The different modes of production of political opinion are directly related to differences in the class habitus of each social class. This research also shows that the mode of production of political opinion and political choice is socially conditioned. The elite and professional middle classes experience a mode of production of opinion and political choice based on a class ethos, or first-person production; while the traditional middle and marhaen classes experience a mode of production of opinion and political choice based on production by proxy. As a result, the traditional middle class and the marhaen class are vulnerable to doxa, propaganda and symbolic violence."

"[ABSTRAK Artikel ini mencoba untuk menganalisis hubungan antara perjalanan dan pembentukan identitas, khususnya bagaimana perjalanan berkontribusi dalam pembentukan identitas Elizabeth Gilbert di dalam novel Eat, Pray, Love. Elizabeth Gilbert mengalami krisis identitas yang parah setelah ia bercerai dengan suaminya. Ia tidak lagi tahu apa tujuan hidupnya dan selalu dihantui oleh kemuraman dan kesepian untuk bertahun-tahun lamanya. Di tengah keputus-asaannya, ia akhirnya memutuskan untuk bepergian selama setahun ke Italia, India, dan Indonesia. Interaksinya dengan berbagai macam orang dari negara yang berbeda telah membawa dampak positif pada perkembangan identitasnya. Ia telah berubah menjadi pribadi yang lebih utuh yang memiliki tujuan hidup yang jelas. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa perjalanan memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam membantu pembentukan identitas seseorang melalui perubahan lingkungan dan interaksi dengan beragam nilai yang berasal dari masyarakat yang berbeda-beda. ABSTRACT This article attempts to examine the relation between travel and identity formation, especially in how travel contributes in the formation of Elizabeth Gilbert?s identity in the novel Eat, Pray, Love. After going through a divorce, Elizabeth Gilbert went to a major identity crisis. She did not know the purpose of her life and was always being haunted by depression and loneliness for years. In the midst of her despair, she then decided to go on a journey to Italy, India, and Indonesia for one year. Her interactions with different peoples from diverse societies in various countries have brought positive impacts to her identity. She has changed into a more intact person with a clear purpose of her life. This article concludes that travel gives significant contributions in aiding the formation of one?s identity through changes of environment and interactions with various values in different societies. , This article attempts to examine the relation between travel and identity formation, especially in how travel contributes in the formation of Elizabeth Gilbert’s identity in the novel Eat, Pray, Love. After going through a divorce, Elizabeth Gilbert went to a major identity crisis. She did not know the purpose of her life and was always being haunted by depression and loneliness for years. In the midst of her despair, she then decided to go on a journey to Italy, India, and Indonesia for one year. Her interactions with different peoples from diverse societies in various countries have brought positive impacts to her identity. She has changed into a more intact person with a clear purpose of her life. This article concludes that travel gives significant contributions in aiding the formation of one’s identity through changes of environment and interactions with various values in different societies. ]"